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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-AOE-2924</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2924</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЛУЧАЙ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности сканирующей электронной микроскопии в обратно-рассеянных электронах для морфологической и функциональной оценки тимуса, вынужденно удаленного у детей первых недель жизни с врожденными пороками сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Applications of EMbedding and backscattered scanning electron microscopy for morphological and functional assessment of the thymus forcedly removed in children with congenital heart defects during the first weeks of life</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалдин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabaldin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шабалдин А.В. – д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории пороков сердца</p><p>г. Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shabaldin A.V., PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Heart Diseases</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухамадияров</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhamadiyarov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухамадияров Р.А. – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории фундаментальных аспектов атеросклероза отдела экспериментальной медицины</p><p>г. Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mukhamadiyarov R.A., PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошелев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshelev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кошелев В.А. – лаборант-исследователь, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины</p><p>г. Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koshelev V.A., Laboratory Assistant, Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ведерникова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vedernikova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведерникова А.В. – ассистент кафедры педиатрии и неонатологии</p><p>650000, Россия, Кемеровская область – Кузбасс, ул. Орджоникидзе, 5, кв. 45</p><p>Тел.: 8 (929) 351-43-82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vedernikova A.V., Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology</p><p>5 Ordjonikidze St, Apt 45 Kemerovo 650000 Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cmombilla@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ровда</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rovda</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ровда Ю.И. – д.м.н., профессор кафедры педиатрии и неонатологии</p><p>г. Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rovda Yu.I., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришачева</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishacheva</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гришачева Е.О. – детский кардиолог отделения кардиохирургии № 2</p><p>г. Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grishacheva E.O., Pediatric Cardiologist, Department of Cardiac Surgery No. 2</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халивопуло</surname><given-names>И. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalivopulo</surname><given-names>I. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халивопуло И.К. – кардиохирург, заведующий отделением кардиохирургии № 2</p><p>г. Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khalivopulo I.K., Chief Regional Specialist for Cardiovascular Surgery, Head, Department of Cardiac Surgery No. 2</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миняйлова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minyailova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миняйлова Н.Н. – д.м.н., профессор кафедры педиатрии и неонатологии</p><p>г. Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minyailova N.N., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляпин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyapin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ляпин А.А. – сердечно-сосудистый хирург отделения кардиохирургии № 2</p><p>г. Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyapin A.A., Cardiovascular Surgeon, Department of Cardiac Surgery No. 2,</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>625</fpage><lpage>636</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шабалдин А.В., Мухамадияров Р.А., Кошелев В.А., Ведерникова А.В., Ровда Ю.И., Гришачева Е.О., Халивопуло И.К., Миняйлова Н.Н., Ляпин А.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шабалдин А.В., Мухамадияров Р.А., Кошелев В.А., Ведерникова А.В., Ровда Ю.И., Гришачева Е.О., Халивопуло И.К., Миняйлова Н.Н., Ляпин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shabaldin A.V., Mukhamadiyarov R.A., Koshelev V.A., Vedernikova A.V., Rovda Y.I., Grishacheva E.O., Khalivopulo I.K., Minyailova N.N., Lyapin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2924">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2924</self-uri><abstract><p>Тимэктомия в ряде клинических ситуаций является вынужденным этапом кардиохирургического лечения врожденных пороков сердца, но вопрос о ее влиянии на формирование иммунитета в раннем онтогенезе остается открытым. До сих пор среди ученых ведутся споры о развитии иммунодефицитных состояний у детей, перенесших тимэктомию в раннем возрасте. Как в зарубежной, так и отечественной литературе можно видеть совершенно разнополярные мнения. Одним из направлений в решении этого вопроса может быть морфофункциональное исследование удаленного тимуса с помощью современных методов сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Цель исследования – изучить возможности сканирующей электронной микроскопии в обратно-рассеянных электронах для морфологической и функциональной оценки тимуса, вынужденно удаленного у детей первых недель жизни с врожденными пороками сердца. Было проведено исследование тимуса новорожденного ребенка (27-й день постнатальной жизни) с врожденным пороком сердца: дефект межжелудочковой перегородки при помощи визуализации методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии в обратно-рассеянных электронах после заливки в эпоксидную смолу. Масса тимуса составила 15,7 грамма, размеры тимуса: поперечный – 3,4 см, продольный – 4,1 см, толщина – 1,7 см; объем – 12,4 см3. Проведенное исследование показало возможности сканирующей электронной микроскопии в обратно-рассеянных электронах в морфологической и в функциональной оценке тимуса как центрального органа иммунной системы. Поэтапная визуализация от малых к большим увеличениям, от тканей к клеткам и внутриклеточным структурам, а также послойное исследование коркового, мозгового вещества, междольковых перегородок и сосудов, позволяет эффективно оценить функциональность тимуса. Данный метод исследования является достаточным для научных исследований вынужденно удаленного тимуса, так как дает возможность для визуализации его микроанатомии. Позволяет проводить фенотипирования клеток различных слоев тимуса, изучать межклеточные взаимодействия тимоцитов с ретикуло-эпителиальными клетками, тонкие особенности телец Гассаля и, наконец, процесс покидания тимуса Т-лимфоцитами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Thymectomy in a number of clinical situations is an unavoidable step of cardiac surgical treatment of congenital heart defects, but the issue of its effects on development of immunity in early ontogenesis remains open. There is still debates among scientists about the risk of immune deficiency states in children who underwent thymectomy at an early age. One may see completely different opinions, both in domestic and foreign publications. A tool for resolving this issue may be provided by morpho-functional studies of the removed thymic tissue by means of modern scanning electron microscopy techniques. The objective of our study was to assess the possibilities of EMbedding and backscattered scanning electron microscopy for morphological and functional evaluation of the thymus, which was forcedly removed in the infant patients with congenital heart defects over the first weeks of life. The thymus of a newborn infant (postnatal day 27) with congenital heart disease: ventricular septal defect was examined using EMbedding and backscattered scanning electron microscopy imaging after embedding in epoxy resin. The mass of thymus gland was 15.7 g, the dimensions of thymus were: transverse, 3.4 cm; longitudinal, 4.1 cm; thickness, 1.7 cm; volume, 12.4 cm3. The study showed ability of EMbedding and backscattered scanning electron microscopy in morphological and functional assessment of thymus gland considered the central organ of the immune system. Step-bystep visualization from low to high magnifications, from tissues to cells and intracellular structures, as well as layer-by-layer examination of thymic cortex, medulla, interlobular septa and vessels, allows you to effectively assess the functionality of the thymus. This research method is sufficient for scientific research of the forcedly removed thymus since it enables us to visualize its microanatomy, allowing cell phenotyping at different layers of the thymus, studying intercellular interactions of thymocytes with reticulo-epithelial cells, subtle features of Hassall’s bodies and, finally, the process of T lymphocytes’ release from thymus gland.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сканирующая электронная микроскопия в обратно-рассеянных электронах</kwd><kwd>тимус</kwd><kwd>тимэктомия</kwd><kwd>врожденные пороки сердца</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Embedding technique</kwd><kwd>scanning electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>thymus</kwd><kwd>thymectomy</kwd><kwd>congenital heart defects</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисенко Д.В., Ивкин А.А., Шукевич Д.Л. 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