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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-AON-2908</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2908</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ассоциация полиморфизма Bcl1 гена NR3C1 с нарушением программируемой клеточной гибели лимфоцитов больных атопической бронхиальной астмой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Association of NR3C1 Bcl1 gene polymorphism with impaired programmed cell death of lymphocytes in patients with atopic bronchial asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомазова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomazova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богомазова А.А. – магистр кафедры биохимии, биотехнологии и фармакологии, лаборант-исследователь научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Иммунопатология»</p><p>420008, Россия, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18, ком. 104В</p><p>Тел.: 8 (939) 396-00-98</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bogomazova A.A., Master Student, Research Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p><p>18 Kremlevskaya St, Room 104V Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008 Russian Federation</p><p>Phone: +7 (939) 396-00-98</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arnbgmz@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетникова</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikova</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Решетникова И.Д. – к.м.н., заместитель директора по научной работе; доцент кафедры внутренних болезней; доцент кафедры внутренних болезней</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Reshetnikova I.D., PhD (Medicine), Deputy Director for Research; Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скибо</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skibo</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скибо Ю.В. – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Иммунопатология», Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Skibo Yu.V., PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Research Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>З. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>Z. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамова З.И. – д.б.н., профессор кафедры биохимии, биотехнологии и фармакологии, Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии, главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Иммунопатология»</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abramova Z.I., PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Pharmacology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Chief Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunopathology</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский федеральный университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazan Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский федеральный университет»; ФБУН «Казанский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazan Federal University; Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>523</fpage><lpage>532</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богомазова А.А., Решетникова И.Д., Скибо Ю.В., Абрамова З.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богомазова А.А., Решетникова И.Д., Скибо Ю.В., Абрамова З.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogomazova A.A., Reshetnikova I.D., Skibo Y.V., Abramova Z.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2908">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2908</self-uri><abstract><p>Атопическая бронхиальная астма – это хроническое заболевание, характеризуемое обструкцией дыхательных путей, бронхиальной гиперреактивностью и воспалением. У пациентов наблюдается повышенная активация иммунных клеток в дыхательных путях, в особенности Т-лимфоцитов, что приводит к хроническому воспалению. Известно, что лимфоциты больных астмой имеют нарушенный ответ на программируемую клеточную гибель 1-го и 2-го типа – апоптоз и аутофагию, что способствует пролонгации и усилению воспалительного процесса. В сравнении с апоптозом, аутофагия также может способствовать выживанию клетки в условиях стресса, а ее нарушение и гиперактивация – приводить к отягощению аллергических реакций. Основными препаратами для лечения атопической бронхиальной астмы являются глюкокортикоиды, которые активируют глюкокортикоидный рецептор, запускающий в клетке противовоспалительный ответ и, в частности, апоптоз. Однако у некоторых пациентов наблюдается устойчивость к терапии из-за различных факторов, включающих однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы гена глюкокортикоидного рецептора NR3C1. Наибольшая связь тяжести астмы с устойчивостью к терапии была выявлена у GG-варианта полиморфизма Bcl1. Общие молекулярные пути активации глюкокортикоидного рецептора и программируемой клеточной гибели и опосредующие молекулярные компоненты позволяют предположить значимость роли полиморфного рецептора в уходе клеток от гибели. Целью нашего исследования являлась оценка влияния G-аллели в однонуклеотидном полиморфизме Bcl1 гена NR3C1 глюкокортикоидного рецептора на экспрессию генов-регуляторов апоптоза (BCL2, CASP3) и аутофагии (BECN1, LC3) в лимфоцитах больных средней и тяжелой формой атопической бронхиальной астмы. Материалом исследования служили образцы периферической крови 24 пациентов в возрасте от 20 до 45 лет с установленным диагнозом «атопическая бронхиальная астма» средней и тяжелой степени. Методом полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов пациенты были распределены по генотипам полиморфизма Bcl1 гена NR3C1: 12 человек – CC-генотип, 8 человек – GC, 4 человека – GG-генотип. Лимфоцитарную фракцию выделяли на градиенте плотности фиколла и культивировали с дексаметазоном в условиях истощения питательных веществ. Уровень экспрессии генов определяли методом ПЦР в реальном времени. При исследовании влияния различных генотипов BclI полиморфизма на экспрессию генов-маркеров клеточной гибели, в лимфоцитах пациентов с GG-полиморфизмом под воздействием дексаметазона были выявлены антиапоптотические реакции, что может являться одним из механизмов развития резистентности к терапии глюкокортикостероидами при астме. Нарушение активации экспрессии гена BECN1 у больных с GG-генотипом может предполагать дерегуляцию процесса аутофагии у этой группы пациентов, как способа программируемой клеточной гибели. Несмотря на это, у больных с GC-генотипом при длительном культивировании воздействие дексаметазона повышает экспрессию гена LC3, указывающую на более выраженную активацию аутофагии. Таким образом, данная работа демонстрирует различия в ответе лимфоцитов на терапию синтетическими глюкокортикоидами, а также раскрывает влияние G-аллели в генотипе Bcl1 полиморфизма на нарушение регуляции программируемой клеточной гибели под воздействием дексаметазона.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Atopic asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation. Patients show increased activation of immune cells in the airways, especially T-lymphocytes, leading to chronic inflammation. The lymphocytes of asthma patients are known to have an impairment of the type 1 and 2 programmed cell death, i.e., apoptosis and autophagy, thus contributing to prolongation and intensification of inflammatory process. As compared to apoptosis, autophagy may also contribute to cell survival under stress conditions. Its disruption and hyperactivation leads to exacerbation of allergic responses. Glucocorticoids are the main drugs for the treatment of atopic bronchial asthma by activating the glucocorticoid receptor, thus triggering anti-inflammatory response and apoptosis of the cells. However, some patients exhibit resistance to therapy due to various factors, including single nucleotide polymorphisms of NR3C1 glucocorticoid receptor gene. The highest association between asthma severity and resistance to therapy was found for the GG variant of the NR3C1 Bcl1 polymorphism. Common molecular pathways for glucocorticoid receptor activation and programmed cell death and mediating molecules suggest a significant role for the polymorphic receptor variant in cell death. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism (G allele, i.e., Bcl1 polymorphism of NR3C1 gene) of glucocorticoid receptor on expression levels of genes that regulate apoptosis (BCL2, CASP3) and autophagy (BECN1, LC3) in lymphocytes of patients with moderate and severe atopic bronchial asthma. The study was performed with peripheral blood samples of 24 patients aged 20 to 45 years with an established diagnosis of moderate to severe atopic bronchial asthma. Using PCR technique with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, the patients were distributed according to the genotypes of the BclI polymorphism of the NR3C1 gene: 12 patients with CC genotype, 8 persons with GC genotype, and 4 cases with GG genotype. The lymphocytes were isolated in Ficoll density gradient and cultivated with dexamethasone under the conditions of nutrient depletion. The level of gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. When studying associations between various genotypes of Bcl1 polymorphism and expression of cell death marker genes, the anti-apoptotic reactions were detected in lymphocytes of patients with GG polymorphism under the influence of dexamethasone thus being a potential mechanism for development of resistance to glucocorticosteroid therapy in asthma. Impaired activation of BECN1 gene expression in patients with the GG genotype may suggest deregulation of the autophagy in this group of patients, as a mode of programmed cell death. Moreover, in patients with GC genotype during long-term cultivation, exposure to dexamethasone increases the expression of the LC3 gene, indicating a more pronounced activation of autophagy. Hence, this work demonstrates differences in response of lymphocytes to synthetic glucocorticoid therapy, and probable effect of G allele (Bcl1 polymorphism) on dysregulation of programmed cell death under the influence of dexamethasone.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>астма</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикоидный рецептор</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>аутофагия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>glucocorticoid receptor</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>autophagy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена за счет средств субсидии, выделенной в рамках государственной поддержки Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета в целях повышения его конкурентоспособности среди ведущих мировых научно-образовательных центров</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abaya R., Jones L., Zorc J.J. 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