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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-TIR-2891</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2891</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Индуцирующая роль тимуса в процессе старения организма</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Inducing role of thymus in the body’s ageing process</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-1782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Владимир Александрович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель НИИФКИ, заведующий лабораторией клинической иммунопатологии.</p><p>630099, Новосибирск, ул. Ядринцевская, 14</p><p>Тел.: 8 (383) 222-26-74, Факс: 8 (383) 222-70-28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Kozlov - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Research Head, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology.</p><p>14 Yadrintsevskaya St Novosibirsk 630099</p><p>Phone: +7 (383) 222-26-74, Fax: +7 (383) 222-70-28</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vakoz40@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>231</fpage><lpage>236</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козлов В.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козлов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2891">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2891</self-uri><abstract><p>Процесс старения следует рассматривать с точки зрения участия в нем всех гомеостатических систем организма, учитывая их разнозначимость для существования самого организма и принимая во внимание разновременность включения в процесс их возрастных изменений. По-видимому, следует обратить внимание на литературные данные о возрастных изменениях функциональной активности иммунной системы, которая практически равна нулю при рождении человека, достигает максимума в возрасте около 40-50 лет и значительно снижается в процессе старения организма. Именно с последним этапом возрастных изменений функциональной активности иммунной системы обоснованно связываются практически все наиболее социально значимые заболевания современного человека: онкологические, аутоиммунные, аллергические заболевания, сердечно-сосудистые и другие. До сих пор, наверное, нет единого мнения о том: старение – это болезнь или не болезнь, а так, некий естественный, временной износ «биологической машины». Во всяком случае, необходимо подчеркнуть, что одним из первых органов, где начинают регистрироваться возрастные изменения негативного характера, является тимус, один из двух центральных органов иммунной системы. Второй центральный орган – костный мозг. Возрастные изменения в тимусе не носят характер «все или ничего», «сейчас или никогда», они характеризуются в норме постепенным снижением производства клеток в тимусе с изменением их качественных характеристик, а значит, это несомненно будет сказываться в той или степени на показателях активности иммунной системы в сторону их негативных проявлений. Хроническое воспаление, один из значимых признаков процесса старения, участвует и в ускорении возрастной инволюции тимуса, и в повреждении ниши с располагающимися в ней стволовыми кроветворными клетками. Главным механизмом в нарушениях функциональной активности тимуса является нарушение центральной толерантности с миграцией из тимуса на периферию Т-клеток, миновавших (обманувших) негативную селекцию в силу различных причин. Необходимо разрабатывать новые подходы к оценке функциональных показателей тимуса с особым вниманием на поиски терапевтических воздействий на них с целью сохранить функциональную активность иммунной системы на высоком уровне в течение длительного времени.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The ageing process should be considered with respect to all homeostatic systems of the body, their importance for the existence of the organism itself and different timing of their switching-on in the process of age-related changes. An attention should be paid to the literature data on age-related changes in the functional activity of immune system, which starts from almost zero at birth, reaches a maximum at the age of about 40-50 years and significantly decreases during the natural ageing process. The vast majority of most socially significant diseases of modern humans are reasonably associated with this last stage of age-related changes in the functional activity of the immune system. So far, there is probably no consensus on whether ageing is a disease, or not a disease, but just a kind of natural wear of the “biological machine”. In any case, one should emphasize that thymic gland is one of the first organs where negative age-related changes are revealed, one of the two central organs of the immune system. Bone marrow is the second central immune organ. Age-related changes in the thymus are not “all or nothing”, “now or never”, they are normally characterized by a gradual decrease of the cell production and changes in their qualitative characteristics, which undoubtedly result into some negative effects upon the indices of immune system activity. There is a need to develop new approaches towards the assessment of functional parameters of the thymus, highlighting the search for therapeutic approaches that would maintain functional activity of the immune system at a high level.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тимус</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>миграция Т-клеток</kwd><kwd>Т-регуляторные клетки</kwd><kwd>Т-эффекторные клетки</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>иммунопатология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thymus</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>migration of T cells</kwd><kwd>T regulatory cells</kwd><kwd>T effector cells</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>immunopathology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belkaid Y., Rouse B.T. Natural regulatory T cells in infectious disease. Nat. 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