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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-CAA-2849</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2849</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Холекальциферол в роли средства неспецифической иммунопрофилактики COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cholecalciferol as a means of nonspecific immunoprophylaxis against COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3479-9730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердюгина</surname><given-names>O. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdiugina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бердюгина О.В. – д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии воспаления </p><p>г. Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Berdiugina O.V., PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Inflammation Immunology Laboratory </p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berolga73@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гусев Е.Ю. – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией иммунологии воспаления </p><p>г. Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gusev E.Yu., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Laboratory of Immunology of Inflammation </p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gusev36@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>823</fpage><lpage>830</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бердюгина O.В., Гусев Е.Ю., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бердюгина O.В., Гусев Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berdiugina O.V., Gusev E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2849">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2849</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальным направлением научного поиска последних лет стало исследование иммунобиологических свойств витамина D. Целью данной работы стал анализ результатов перорального применения холекальциферола в целях предупреждения инфицирования вирусом SARS-CoV-2 в первую волну пандемии COVID-19. Исследование выполнено в период с 07 октября по 29 декабря 2020 года, когда отсутствовали иммунобиологические препараты для специфической профилактики COVID-19. Общее количество респондентов составило 73 человека, все однократно перенесли новую коронавирусную инфекцию. Этиологическая диагностика заболевания включала молекулярно-генетическое тестирование полученных общепринятым способом образцов двух локализаций (носоглотка, ротоглотка). Концентрация антител к вирусу определена в среднем через 2 месяца после болезни с использованием набора реагентов SARS-CoV-2-IgG количественный-ИФА-Бест (АО «Вектор-Бест», Россия). Ориентировочную оценку концентрации IgM осуществляли с использованием набора SARS-CoV-2-IgМ-ИФА-Бест того же производителя. Среди участников исследования были такие, кто в целях профилактики инфицирования использовал иммунобиологические препараты (риамиловир, умифеновира гидрохлорида моногидрат, интерферон альфа-2b человеческий рекомбинантный, ацетат цинка, витамин С), в частности 28 человек (38,4%) принимали холекальциферол (группа № 1) и 45 человек (61,6%) не использовали его (группа № 2). Статистическая обработка полученных данных произведена с использованием статистического пакета STATISTICA v.12.5.192.5 (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Применен анализ базовых статистик, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Chi-Square test, Wald–Wolfowitz Runs Test, Kruskal–Wallis test. Выявлены отличия в частоте развития респираторного дистресс-синдрома двух изученных групп: у пациентов, принимавших холекальциферол синдром не развивался совсем, в группе № 2 он регистрировался в 20,0% случаев (Chi-Square = 5,242, p = 0,02). Помимо этого, у пациентов группы № 1 концентрация IgG через 2 месяца после болезни была в 3,8 раз выше значений в группе № 2 (Chi-Square = 9,268, p = 0,003). Сходные отличия выявлены и для уровня IgM (Wilks' Lambda: 0,659 approx. F (7,32) = 2,367 p &lt; 0,045). Было известно, что в обеих группах присутствовали респонденты, применявшие в профилактических целях и другие иммуноактивные вещества. В первой группе таких было 18 человек (24,7% от всех), во второй – 13 человек (17,8% от всех). Установлено, что те, кто использовал другие иммуноактивные вещества и не принимал витамин D перенесли заболевание легче всех остальных. Следующими по степени тяжести перенесенной инфекции были респонденты, не использовавшие никаких иммунопрофилактических средств. Респонденты, принимавшие холекальциферол, преимущественно оценили тяжесть инфекции как среднюю. Участники исследования, принимавшие и витамин D и использовавшие другие средства профилактики, наиболее тяжело перенесли COVID-19. Респонденты, принимавшие холекальциферол, чаще других сообщали о длительно сохраняющейся утомляемости, об обострении хронических и появлении новых заболеваний (гипертоническая болезнь, кардиалгия, бронхиальная астма, аллергия, снижение остроты зрения), впервые появившихся мышечных, суставных и позвоночных болях. Феномен артралгий и других поражений крупных суставов при COVID-19 описывался нами ранее. В исследованиях других авторов также сообщается о частых жалобах на повышенную утомляемость и боли в суставах. При этом роль витамина D рассматривается исключительно с позиции его недостаточности при новой коронавирусной инфекции и его потенциальной роли в ингибировании гипервоспалительных реакций, а также ускорении процесса заживления пораженных участков, особенно в легочной ткани. Установлено, что прием витамина D не влиял на частоту возникновения лихорадочного состояния, частоту развития пневмонии легких, объем поражения тканей легких (на основании данных компьютерной томографии), длительность госпитализации и заболевания в целом, а также не предотвращал развитие аносмии и дисгевзии. Использование витамина D, как протективного средства для предотвращения инфицирования вирусом SARS-CoV-2, оказало влияние на снижение частоты / предотвращение случаев респираторного дистресс-синдрома в процессе заболевания. Также у принимавших витамин D зафиксировано увеличение образования IgG к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 через 2 месяца после инфицирования 3,8 раза выше значений, зарегистрированных у респондентов, не принимавших колекальциферол. Участники, принимавшие холекальциферол, переносили инфекцию тяжелее, особенно, если использовали еще какие-либо протективные вещества. Также при превентивном приеме витамина D после COVID-19 дольше сохранялась повышенная утомляемость, чаще сообщалось о появлении новых и активации хронических заболеваний и впервые появившихся мышечных, суставных и позвоночных болях, что соотносится с полученными нами ранее данными. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The current direction of scientific research in recent years has been the study of the immunobiological properties of vitamin D. The purpose of this work was to analyze the results of oral administration of cholecalciferol in order to prevent infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was performed in the period from October 07 to December 29, 2020, when there were no immunobiological drugs for specific prevention of COVID-19. The total number of respondents was 73 people; all had been ill with coronavirus only once. The etiological diagnosis of the disease included molecular genetic testing of samples of two localizations obtained by the conventional method (nasopharynx, oropharynx). The concentration of antibodies to the virus was determined on average 2 months after the disease using a set of reagents SARS-CoV-2-IgG quantitative-ELISA-Best (JSC Vector-Best, Russia). An approximate assessment of IgM concentration was carried out using a set of SARS-CoV-2-IgM-ELISA-Best from the same manufacturer. Among the study participants were those who used immunobiological drugs for the prevention of infection (riamilovir, umifenovir hydrochloride monohydrate, human recombinant interferon alpha-2b, zinc acetate, vitamin C). In particular, 28 people (38.4%) took cholecalciferol (group No. 1) and 45 people (61.6%) did not use this (group No. 2). Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using the statistical package STATISTICA v.12.5.192.5 (StatSoft, Inc., USA). We applied the analysis of basic statistics, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Chi-Square test, Wald–Wolfowitz Runs Test, Kruskal– Wallis test. Differences in the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome of the two studied groups were revealed: in patients taking cholecalciferol, the syndrome did not develop at all; in group No. 2, it was registered in 20.0% of cases (Chi-Square = 5.242, p = 0.02). In addition, in patients of group No. 1, the concentration of IgG 2 months after the disease was 3.8 times higher than the values in group No. 2 (Chi-Square = 9.268, p = 0.003). Similar differences were found for the IgM level (Wilks' Lambda: 0.659 approx. F (7.32) = 2.367 p &lt; 0.045). It was known that in both groups there were respondents who used other immuno-active substances for preventive purposes. In the first group there were 18 people (24.7% of all); in the second, there were 13 people (17.8% of all). It was found that those who used other immuno-active substances and did not take vitamin D suffered the disease more easily than everyone else. The respondents who did not use any immunoprophylactic agents were the next in terms of the severity of the infection. The respondents who took cholecalciferol mainly assessed the severity of the infection as average. The study participants who took both vitamin D and used other means of prevention suffered the most from COVID-19. Respondents who took cholecalciferol more often than others reported long-term fatigue, exacerbation of chronic and the appearance of new diseases (hypertension, cardialgia, bronchial asthma, allergies, decreased visual acuity), muscle, joint and vertebral pains that appeared for the first time. The phenomenon of arthralgia and other lesions of large joints in COVID-19 was described by us earlier. Studies by other authors also report frequent complaints of increased fatigue and joint pain. At the same time, the role of vitamin D is considered exclusively from the standpoint of vitamin deficiency in a new coronavirus infection and its potential role in inhibiting hyperinflammatory reactions, as well as accelerating the healing process of affected areas, especially in lung tissue. It was found that vitamin D intake did not affect the incidence of fever, the incidence of pneumonia, the volume of lung tissue damage (based on computed tomography data), the duration of hospitalization and the disease as a whole, and also did not prevent the development of anosmia and dysgeusia. The use of vitamin D as a protective agent to prevent infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus has had an impact on reducing the frequency/ prevention of cases of respiratory distress syndrome during the disease. Also, those who took vitamin D recorded an increase in the formation of IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 virus 2 months after infection 3.8 times higher than the values recorded in respondents who did not take cholecalciferol. The participants who took cholecalciferol suffered the infection more severely, especially if they used any other protective substances. Also, with the preventive intake of vitamin D after COVID-19, increased fatigue persisted longer, the appearance of new and activation of chronic diseases and muscle, joint and vertebral pains that appeared for the first time were reported more often, which correlates with the data we received earlier.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>холекальциферол</kwd><kwd>риамиловир</kwd><kwd>умифеновира гидрохлорида моногидрат</kwd><kwd>аскорбиновая кислота</kwd><kwd>цинк</kwd><kwd>IFNa-2b человеческий рекомбинантный</kwd><kwd>сустав</kwd><kwd>позвоночник</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>cholecalciferol</kwd><kwd>riamilovir</kwd><kwd>umifenovir hydrochloride monohydrate</kwd><kwd>ascorbic acid</kwd><kwd>zinc</kwd><kwd>IFNa-2b human recombinant</kwd><kwd>joint</kwd><kwd>spine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по теме из Плана НИР «ИИФ» УрО РАН № Гос. регистрации 122020900136-4, руководитель – академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор А.В. Черешнев</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out on the topic of the Plan of research works of the IIF of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 122020900136-4, head – Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor A.V. Chereshnev.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali N. Role of vitamin D in preventing of Covid-19 infection, progression and severity. J. Infect. Public Health, 2020, Vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 1373-1380.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali N. Role of vitamin D in preventing of Covid-19 infection, progression and severity. J. Infect. Public Health, 2020, Vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 1373-1380.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barrea L., Verde L., Grant W.B. 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