<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-EOP-2838</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2838</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние трофобластического β1-гликопротеина на дифференцировку миелоидных супрессорных клеток</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein on myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4581-1969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимганова</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timganova</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимганова Валерия Павловна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунологии и нанобиотехнологии</p><p>614081, г. Пермь, ул. Голева, 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria P. Timganova, PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Nanobiotechnology</p><p>13 Golev St Perm 614081 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timganovavp@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5474-8450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шардина</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shardina</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шардина Ксения Ю. – инженер-исследователь лаборатории клеточной иммунологии и нанобиотехнологии</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kseniya Yu. Shardina, Research Engineer, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Nanobiotechnology</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shardinak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-6224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочкова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочкова Мария С. – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунологии и нанобиотехнологии</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya S. Bochkova, PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Nanobiotechnology</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krasnykh-m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ужвиюк</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uzhviyuk</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ужвиюк София В. – инженер-исследователь лаборатории клеточной иммунологии и нанобиотехнологии</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofya V. Uzhviyuk, Research Engineer, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Nanobiotechnology</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kochurova.sofja@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усанина</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usanina</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Усанина Дарья И. – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria I. Usanina, Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">usanina_d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-1487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заморина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamorina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заморина Светлана А. – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунологии и нанобиотехнологии</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Zamorina, PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Nanobiotechnology</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mantissa7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук – филиал ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>513</fpage><lpage>520</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимганова В.П., Шардина К.Ю., Бочкова М.С., Ужвиюк С.В., Усанина Д.И., Заморина С.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимганова В.П., Шардина К.Ю., Бочкова М.С., Ужвиюк С.В., Усанина Д.И., Заморина С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timganova V.P., Shardina K.Y., Bochkova M.S., Uzhviyuk S.V., Usanina D.I., Zamorina S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2838">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2838</self-uri><abstract><p>Миелоидные супрессорные клетки (MDSC) – гетерогенная клеточная популяциия, угнетающая функции, преимущественно, Т-лимфоцитов при здоровой беременности и патологиях. MDSC считаются одними из ключевых регуляторов иммунных реакций, поиск способов управления которыми крайне актуален для терапии рака, аутоиммунных заболеваний, невынашивания беременности и посттрансплантационных осложнений. Механизмы иммуносупрессии MDSC связаны с экспрессией молекул CD73, ADAM17, PD-L1, продукцией аргиназы 1 (Arg 1), индуцибельной синтазы оксида азота (iNOS), индоламин-2,3-диоксигеназы (IDO) и цитокинов IL-10 и TGF-b1.</p><p>Трофобластический b1-гликопротеин (ТБГ) – гликопротеин беременности. Описаны его модулирующие эффекты в отношении дендритных клеток и макрофагов, опосредующие сдвиг фенотипов T-клеток в сторону Th2 и Treg. Ранее нами было показано что нативный ТБГ подавляет дифференцировку Тh17 и продукцию ими провоспалительных цитокинов. Кроме того, этот гликопротеин стимулировал продукцию IDO моноцитами и дифференцировку Treg.</p><p>Так как функции и специфичность нативных и рекомбинантных белков отличаются, а рекомбинантные белки более доступны и перспективны, необходимо исследовать оба вида препаратов.</p><p>Учитывая иммуномодулирующие свойства ТБГ, а также ключевую роль MDSC в патологиях, целью нашей работы стала оценка влияния нативного и рекомбинантного ТБГ на дифференцировку MDSC in vitro.</p><p>MDSC дифференцировали из CD11b+ клеток периферической крови. Клетки культивировали 7 дней, поэтапно добавляя GM-CSF, IL-1b и LPS. Hативный (н) (1,10 и 100 мкг/мл) и рекомбинантный (р) (1 и 10 мкг/мл) ТБГ вносили в культуры за три дня до окончания инкубации. Методом проточной цитометрии определяли процент MDSC (Lin-HLA-DR-CD11b+CD33+) от клеток в культуре, а также проценты M(Lin-HLA-DR-CD11b+CD33+CD14+CD66b-), PMN(Lin-HLA-DR-CD11b+CD33+CD14-CD66b+) и e-MDSC (Lin-HLA-DR-CD11b+CD33+CD14-CD66b-) от общего количества MDSC.</p><p>Обнаружено, что нТБГ не влиял на процент MDSC в культурах. Однако рТБГ (1 мкг/мл) увеличивал процент этих клеток по сравнению с контролем. нТБГ (1 и 10 мкг/мл) и рТБГ (10 мкг/мл) увеличивали процент M-MDSC. Кроме того, рТБГ (10 мкг/мл) угнетал дифференцировку CD11b+ клеток в PMN-MDSC. Процент e-MDSC под действием ТБГ не изменялся.</p><p>Можно сделать вывод, что цитокиновый фон в культурах CD11b+клеток способствовал дифференцировке преимущественно M-MDSC, сходно с опухолевым микроокружением, а нативный и рекомбинантный ТБГ усиливали этот эффект.</p><p>Таким образом, нТБГ и рТБГ обладают способностью модулировать дифференцировку MDSC, увеличивая их количество, преимущественно за счет моноцитарной субпопуляции. Этот факт открывает перспективы для новых исследований, касающихся направленного манипулирования клетками MDSC с целью применения клеточных технологий в науке и медицине.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population that primarily suppress T lymphocytes in healthy pregnancies and pathologies. MDSCs are one of the key regulators of immune responses. Finding ways to control them is important for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, miscarriage, and post-transplant complications. The mechanisms of immune suppression by MDSC are: expression of CD73, ADAM17, PD -L1, production of Arg 1, iNOS, IDO, IL -10 and TGF-b1.</p><p>Pregnancy-specific b1-glycoprotein (PSG) has modulatory effects on dendritic cells and macrophages that mediate the shift of T cell phenotypes toward Th2 and Treg. We have previously shown that native PSG suppresses Th17 differentiation and cytokine production, stimulates the production of IDO by monocytes and the differentiation of Tregs.</p><p>Considering the immunomodulatory properties of PSG and the key role of MDSCs in pathologies, the aim of our work was to investigate the effect of native and recombinant PSG on the differentiation of MDSCs in vitro.</p><p>MDSCs were differentiated from CD11b+ peripheral blood cells. Cells were cultured for 7 days and received stepwise GM-CSF, IL-1b, and LPS. Native (n) (1; 10 and 100 mg/mL) and recombinant (r) (1 and 10 mg/mL) PSG were introduced into the cultures three days before the end of incubation. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of MDSC among the cells in culture and the percentage of M-, PMN-, and e-MDSC among the total number of MDSCs.</p><p>It was found that rPSG (1 mg/mL) increased the percentage of MDSCs in culture. Both nPSG (1 and 10 mg/mL) and rPSG (10 mg/mL) increased the proportion of M-MDSC, whereas rPSG (10 mg/mL) decreased the number of PMN-MDSC.</p><p>Thus, the cytokine background in CD11b+ cell cultures favored the differentiation of predominantly M-MDSC, similar to the tumor microenvironment, whereas native and recombinant PSG enhanced this effect. Thus, nPSG and rPSG are able to modulate the differentiation of MDSCs by increasing their number, mainly due to the monocytic subpopulation. This fact opens perspectives for new research on targeted manipulation of MDSCs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миелоидные супрессоры</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессия</kwd><kwd>трофобластический β1-гликопротеин</kwd><kwd>моноцитарные миелоидные супрессоры</kwd><kwd>гранулоцитарные миелоидные супрессоры</kwd><kwd>CD11b+CD33+ клетки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myeloid-derived suppressor cells</kwd><kwd>immunosuppression</kwd><kwd>pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein</kwd><kwd>CD11b+CD33+ cells</kwd><kwd>M-MDSC</kwd><kwd>PMN-MDSC</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was supported by  RSF  (project No. 22-25-00378)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atretkhany K.-S.R., Drutskaya M.S. Myeloid suppressor cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines as targets for cancer therapy. Biochemistry, 2016, Vol. 81, no. 12, pp. 1520-1529.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atretkhany K.-S.R., Drutskaya M.S. Myeloid suppressor cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines as targets for cancer therapy. Biochemistry, 2016, Vol. 81, no. 12, pp. 1520-1529.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blois S.M., Sulkowski G., Tirado-González I., Warren J., Freitag N., Klapp B.F., Rifkin D., Fuss I., Strober W., Dveksler G.S. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) activates TGF-β and prevents dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Mucosal Immunol., 2014, Vol. 7, no. 2, pp.348-358.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blois S.M., Sulkowski G., Tirado-González I., Warren J., Freitag N., Klapp B.F., Rifkin D., Fuss I., Strober W., Dveksler G.S. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) activates TGF-β and prevents dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Mucosal Immunol., 2014, Vol. 7, no. 2, pp.348-358.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bohn H., Johannsen R., Kraus W. New placental protein (PP15) with immunosuppressive properties. Arch. Gynaecol., 1980, no.230, pp.167-172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bohn H., Johannsen R., Kraus W. New placental protein (PP15) with immunosuppressive properties. Arch. Gynaecol., 1980, no.230, pp.167-172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabrilovich D.I. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Immunol. Res., 2017, Vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 3-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabrilovich D.I. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Immunol. Res., 2017, Vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 3-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hertz J. B., Schultz-Larsen P. Human placental lactogen, pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein and alphafetoprotein in serum in threatened abortion. Int. J. Gynaecol .Obstet., 1983, no. 21, pp. 111-117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hertz J. B., Schultz-Larsen P. Human placental lactogen, pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein and alphafetoprotein in serum in threatened abortion. Int. J. Gynaecol .Obstet., 1983, no. 21, pp. 111-117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jayaraman P., Parikh F., Newton J.M., Hanoteau A., Rivas C., Krupar R., Rajapakshe K., Pathak R., Kanthaswamy K., MacLaren C., Huang S., Coarfa C., Spanos C., Edwards D.P., Parihar R., Sikora A.G. TGF-β1 programmed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) acquire immune-stimulating and tumor killing activity capable of rejecting established tumors in combination with radiotherapy. Oncoimmunology, 2018, Vol. 7, no. 10, e1490853. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2018.1490853.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jayaraman P., Parikh F., Newton J.M., Hanoteau A., Rivas C., Krupar R., Rajapakshe K., Pathak R., Kanthaswamy K., MacLaren C., Huang S., Coarfa C., Spanos C., Edwards D.P., Parihar R., Sikora A.G. TGF-β1 programmed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) acquire immune-stimulating and tumor killing activity capable of rejecting established tumors in combination with radiotherapy. Oncoimmunology, 2018, Vol. 7, no. 10, e1490853. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2018.1490853.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mojsilovic S., Mojsilovic S.S., Bjelica S., Santibanez J.F. Transforming growth factor-beta1 and myeloidderived suppressor cells: A cancerous partnership. Dev. Dyn., 2022, Vol. 251, no. 1, pp. 105-124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mojsilovic S., Mojsilovic S.S., Bjelica S., Santibanez J.F. Transforming growth factor-beta1 and myeloidderived suppressor cells: A cancerous partnership. Dev. Dyn., 2022, Vol. 251, no. 1, pp. 105-124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ostrand-Rosenberg S., Sinha P., Figley C., Long R., Park D., Carter D., Clements V.K. Frontline Science: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) facilitate maternal-fetal tolerance in mice. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2017, Vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1091-1101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ostrand-Rosenberg S., Sinha P., Figley C., Long R., Park D., Carter D., Clements V.K. Frontline Science: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) facilitate maternal-fetal tolerance in mice. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2017, Vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1091-1101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pang B., Hu C., Li H., Nie X., Wang K., Zhou C., Yi H. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Escorts at the maternal-fetal interface. Front. Immunol., 2023, Vol. 14, e1080391. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080391.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pang B., Hu C., Li H., Nie X., Wang K., Zhou C., Yi H. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Escorts at the maternal-fetal interface. Front. Immunol., 2023, Vol. 14, e1080391. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080391.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rayev M.B. Method for isolation and purification of trophoblastic β1-glycoprotein. RF Patent. 2009; 2367449 (Bull): 26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rayev M.B. Method for isolation and purification of trophoblastic β1-glycoprotein. RF Patent. 2009; 2367449 (Bull): 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tatarinov Y.S., Masyukevich V.N. Immunochemical identification of new β-1 globulin in the blood serum of pregnant women. Bull. Eksp. Biol. Med. USSR, 1970, no. 69, pp. 66-68. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatarinov Y.S., Masyukevich V.N. Immunochemical identification of new β-1 globulin in the blood serum of pregnant women. Bull. Eksp. Biol. Med. USSR, 1970, no. 69, pp. 66-68. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Temur M., Serpim G., Tuzluoğlu S., Taşgöz F.N., Şahin E., Üstünyurt E. Comparison of serum human pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1 levels in pregnant women with or without preeclampsia. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 2020, Vol. 8, pp. 1074-1078.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Temur M., Serpim G., Tuzluoğlu S., Taşgöz F.N., Şahin E., Üstünyurt E. Comparison of serum human pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1 levels in pregnant women with or without preeclampsia. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 2020, Vol. 8, pp. 1074-1078.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timganova V.P., Zamorina S.A., Litvinova L.S., Todosenko N.M., Bochkova M.S., Khramtsov P.V., Rayev M.B. The effects of human pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein preparation on Th17 polarization of CD4+ cells and their cytokine profile. BMC Immunol., 2020, Vol. 21, no. 1, e56. doi: 10.1186/s12865-020-00385-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timganova V.P., Zamorina S.A., Litvinova L.S., Todosenko N.M., Bochkova M.S., Khramtsov P.V., Rayev M.B. The effects of human pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein preparation on Th17 polarization of CD4+ cells and their cytokine profile. BMC Immunol., 2020, Vol. 21, no. 1, e56. doi: 10.1186/s12865-020-00385-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veglia F., Sanseviero E., Gabrilovich D.I. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2021, no. 21, pp. 485-498.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veglia F., Sanseviero E., Gabrilovich D.I. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2021, no. 21, pp. 485-498.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Youn J.I., Gabrilovich D.I. The biology of myeloid-derived suppressor cells: the blessing and the curse of morphological and functional heterogeneity. Eur. J. Immunol., 2010, Vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 2969-2975.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Youn J.I., Gabrilovich D.I. The biology of myeloid-derived suppressor cells: the blessing and the curse of morphological and functional heterogeneity. Eur. J. Immunol., 2010, Vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 2969-2975.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
