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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-SIC-2790</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2790</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стерильное воспаление, кросспрезентация, аутофагия и адаптивный иммунитет при иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sterile inflammation, cross-presentation, autophagy and adaptive immunity in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-4482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саидов</surname><given-names>М. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saidov</surname><given-names>M. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саидов М.З. – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой патологической физиологии</p><p>367000, Россия, Республика Дагестан, г. Махачкала, пл. Ленина, 1</p><p>Тел.: 8 (988) 300-90-45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saidov M.Z., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Pathological Physiology</p><p>1 Lenin Sq Makhachkala Republic of Dagestan 367000 Russian Federation</p><p>Phone: +7 (988) 300-90-45</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marat.saidov.55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Dagestan State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>465</fpage><lpage>502</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Саидов М.З., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саидов М.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saidov M.Z.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2790">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2790</self-uri><abstract><p>Доминирующими этиологическими факторами стерильного воспаления при иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях являются провоспалительные вне- и внутриклеточные DAMPs, генерирующиеся при системной прогрессирующей дезорганизации рыхлой волокнистой неоформленной соединительной ткани, регулируемой гибели клеток и некрозе клеток. Стерильное воспаление является многоступенчатым процессом, при котором индуцируется последовательность реакций, опосредованных лейкоцитами и резидентными клетками макрофагально-моноцитарного ряда, направленных на очищение очага воспаления от клеточного и тканевого детрита, с последующим восстановлением гомеостаза поврежденной ткани. Важная роль в этом процессе принадлежит трансэндотелиальной миграции лейкоцитов в очаг стерильного воспаления и формирование клеточного воспалительного инфильтрата. Ключевой особенностью указанных процессов является реактивность PRR-рецепторов и, как следствие PRR-DAMPs взаимодействий, последующий запуск молекулярноклеточных процессов, итогом которых является картина локальных и/или системных проявлений стерильного воспаления. Следствием PRR-DAMPs взаимодействий является активация врожденного иммунитета и запуск молекулярно-клеточных реакций, позволяющих отнести иммуновоспалительные ревматические заболевания к категории системных стерильных аутовоспалительных процессов. Генерализованность патофизиологических эффектов провоспалительных DAMPs и, соответственно, системность и полиорганность поражения тканей и внутренних органов при иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях обусловлено широкой распространенностью рецепторов к «сигналам опасности». В развитии DAMP-опосредованного стерильного воспаления важнейшее место занимает феномен кросс-презентации и аутофагия. Кросс-презентация обуславливает презентацию внеклеточных DAMPs из интернализованных белков с молекулами МНС класса I аутореактивным CD8+ цитотоксическим Т-лимфоцитам. Аутофагия обеспечивает процессинг внутриклеточных пептидных DAMPs, их загрузку на молекулы МНС класса II с последующей индукцией CD4+Т-клеточного адаптивного иммунного ответа. Важный вклад в указанные процессы вносят врожденные лимфоидные клетки. Модель функциональной сопряженности и взаимодополняемости ILCs и Th-CD4+Т-клеток расширило наши представления об иммунной регуляции, распространив активность врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета в область поддержания тканевого гомеостаза, морфогенеза, репарации, регенерации и воспаления. Следствием PRR-DAMP взаимодействий тканевых ILCs и последующего подключения клеточных пар ILC – Th-CD4+Т-клеток является прогрессирование системного стерильного воспаления. Представленные в настоящем обзоре материалы определяют перспективные молекулярные и клеточные мишени с целью регуляции и/или ингибирования активности стерильного воспаления при иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Proinflammatory extracellular and intracellular DAMPs are the dominant etiological factors of sterile inflammation in immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. They are generated by systemic progressive disorganization of loose fibrous unformed connective tissue, programmed cell death and cell necrosis. Sterile inflammation is a multi-stage process which is induced by a sequence of reactions mediated by leukocytes and resident cells of the macrophage-monocyte series, aimed at cleansing the focus of inflammation from cellular and tissue detritus, followed by restoration of homeostasis of damaged tissue. An important role in this process belongs to the transendothelial migration of leukocytes to the focus of sterile inflammation and formation of cellular inflammatory infiltrate. The key feature of these events is the reactivity of PRR receptors followed by a cascade of PRR-DAMPs interactions with subsequent launch of molecular and cellular processes causing the local and/or systemic manifestations of sterile inflammation. Activation of innate immunity is the result of PRR-DAMPs interactions which launches the molecular and cellular reactions. Hence, it is possible to attribute the immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases to the category of systemic sterile autoinflammatory processes. Generalization of the pathophysiological effects of pro-inflammatory DAMPs and, accordingly, the systemic and multi-organ nature of tissue and internal organ damage in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases is due to the wide occurrence of receptors for “danger signals”. The most important place in the development of DAMP-mediated sterile inflammation is occupied by the phenomenon of cross-presentation and autophagy. The cross-presentation causes exposition of extracellular DAMPs from internalized proteins with MHC class I molecules to autoreactive CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Autophagy provides processsing of intracellular peptide DAMPs, their loading onto MHC class II molecules with subsequent induction of adaptive immune response in CD4+T cell populations. The innate lymphoid cells (ILC) make an important contribution to these processes. The model of functional coupling and complementarity between ILCs and Th-CD4+T cells has expanded our understanding of immune regulation by extending the activity of innate and adaptive immunity to the level of maintaining tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, repair, regeneration and inflammation. Progression of systemic sterile inflammation may be a result of PRR-DAMP interactions of tissue ILCs followed by switching of ILC/Th-CD4+T cell partners. The data presented in this review define the promising molecular and cellular targets aiming for regulation and/or inhibition of sterile inflammation in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стерильное воспаление</kwd><kwd>ревматические болезни</kwd><kwd>адаптивный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>DAMPs</kwd><kwd>PRR-рецепторы</kwd><kwd>кросс-презентация</kwd><kwd>аутофагия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sterile inflammation</kwd><kwd>rheumatic diseases</kwd><kwd>adaptive immunity</kwd><kwd>DAMPs</kwd><kwd>PRR receptors</kwd><kwd>cross-presentation</kwd><kwd>autophagy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бернет Ф. Клеточная иммунология. М.: Мир, 1971 г. 541 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burnet M. Cellular immunology. 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