<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-EOE-2783</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2783</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние эндоморфинов на гуморальный иммунный ответ, продукцию Th1/Th2/Th17-цитокинов и апоптоз CD4+, CD8+ лимфоцитов in vivo</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of endomorphins on humoral immune response, Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine production and CD4+, CD8+ lymphocyte apoptosis in vivo</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5120-3436</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадочникова</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadochnikova</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кадочникова Яна Алексеевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии, Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук – филиал ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук»; инженер кафедры микробиологии и иммунологии ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</p><p>614081, г. Пермь, ул. Голева, 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana A. Kadochnikova, Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Engineer, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University</p><p>13 Golev St Perm 614081</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yana0277@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4428-2874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гейн</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gein</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гейн Сергей Владимирович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор Института экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук – филиал</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei V. Gein, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Director, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gein@iegm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук – филиал ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук»;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Perm State National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук – филиал ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>545</fpage><lpage>550</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кадочникова Я.А., Гейн С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кадочникова Я.А., Гейн С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kadochnikova Y.A., Gein S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2783">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2783</self-uri><abstract><p>Эндогенные опиоидные пептиды представляют собой большую группу физиологически активных соединений с выраженным сродством к рецепторам опиоидного типа, способную проявлять выраженную анальгетическую активность, а также оказывать дополнительные эффекты на периферии, ввиду своего широкого распространения на клетках многих органов и тканей. Мало изученными представителями этой группы являются эндоморфины, которые, благодаря своей структуре и свойствам, способны производить сильное антиноцицептивное воздействие после центрального введения, а значит, в перспективе, они могут рассматриваться как потенциальные заменители низкомолекулярных опиатов. Цель данного исследования заключается в том, чтобы оценить влияние эндоморфинов на гуморальный иммунный ответ, продукцию Th1/Th2/Th17-цитокинов и апоптоз CD4+, CD8+ лимфоцитов in vivo. В качестве объекта исследования использовали спленоциты белых мышей самцов породы Swiss. Оценку количества антителообразующих клеток в селезенке проводили с использованием метода локального гемолиза в геле агарозы по Jerne. Количественное определение цитокинов проводили методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа с помощью наборов (R&amp;D, США) согласно методике, предложенной производителем. Апоптоз оценивали при помощи реагентов Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD kit (Beckman Coulter, США) в соответствии с инструкцией производителя методом проточной цитометрии на проточном цитофлюориметре CytoFLEX S (BeckmanCoulter, США). В ходе исследования установлено, что эндоморфины усиливают антителогенез селезенки, а предварительная блокада опиатных рецепторов налоксоном приводила к отмене стимулирующего влияния пептидов. Эндоморфины не влияли на продукцию спленоцитами IL-2, IL-4, IFNg, однако введение эндоморфина-2 налоксоннезависимо усиливало индуцированную продукцию IL-17. Оценка влияния эндоморфинов на апоптоз спленоцитов 24 ч культур показала, что эндоморфин-2 в нестимулированных культурах налоксонзависимо увеличивал процент позднего апоптоза CD8+ лимфоцитов, однако в индуцированных культурах оба эндоморфина повышали апоптотическую активность CD8+ лимфоцитов уже независимо от предварительной блокады опиоидных рецепторов. Подводя итог, можно сказать, что в системе in vivo эндоморфины оказывают широкий спектр разнонаправленных иммуномодулирующих эффектов, которые в дальнейшем могут представлять большой интерес для практического использования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Endogenous opioid peptides are a large group of physiologically active compounds with a pronounced affinity for opioid-type receptors, capable of showing pronounced analgesic activity, as well as having additional effects on the periphery, due to their wide distribution on the cells of many organs and tissues. Little studied representatives of this group are endomorphins, which due to their structure and properties, are capable of producing a strong antinociceptive effect after central administration, which means that, in the future, they can be considered as potential substitutes for low molecular weight opiates. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of endomorphins on the humoral immune response, the production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and apoptosis of CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes in vivo. The splenocytes of Swiss white mice were used as the object of the study. The number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen was assessed using the method of local hemolysis in agarose gel according to Jerne. Quantitative determination of cytokines was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using kits (R&amp;D, USA) according to the method proposed by the manufacturer. Apoptosis was assessed using Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD kit reagents (Beckman Coulter, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions by flow cytometry on a CytoFLEX S flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA). In the course of the study, it was found that endomorphins enhance the antibody genesis of the spleen, and the preliminary blockade of opiate receptors with naloxone led to the cancellation of the stimulating effect of peptides. Endomorphins didn’t affect splenocyte production of IL-2, IL-4, and IFNg, however, the introduction of endomorphin-2 naloxone-independent enhanced the induced production of IL-17. Evaluation of the effect of endomorphins on apoptosis of splenocytes in 24-h cultures showed that endomorphin-2 in unstimulated cultures of naloxone-dependently increased the percentage of late apoptosis of CD8+ lymphocytes, however, in stimulated cultures, both endomorphins increased the apoptotic activity of CD8+ lymphocytes, regardless of the preliminary blockade of opioid receptors. In summary, we can say that in the in vivo system, endomorphins have a wide range of multidirectional immunomodulatory effects, which may be of interest for practical use in the future.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндоморфины</kwd><kwd>спленоциты</kwd><kwd>антителообразующие клетки</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>налоксон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endomorphins</kwd><kwd>splenocytes</kwd><kwd>antibody-forming cells</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>naloxone</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования проведены в рамках государственного задания, номер государственной регистрации темы № АААА-А19-119112290007-7.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the framework of the state task, the state registration number of the topic № АААА-А19-119112290007-7.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anton B., Leff P., Calva J.C., Acevedo R., Salazar A., Matus M., Pavón L., Martinez M., Meissler J.J., Adler M.W., Gaughan J.P., Eisenstein T.K. Endomorphin 1 and endomorphin 2 suppress in vitro antibody formation at ultra-low concentrations: Anti-peptide antibodies but not opioid antagonists block the activity. Brain Behav. Immun., 2008, Vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 824-832.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anton B., Leff P., Calva J.C., Acevedo R., Salazar A., Matus M., Pavón L., Martinez M., Meissler J.J., Adler M.W., Gaughan J.P., Eisenstein T.K. Endomorphin 1 and endomorphin 2 suppress in vitro antibody formation at ultra-low concentrations: Anti-peptide antibodies but not opioid antagonists block the activity. Brain Behav. Immun., 2008, Vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 824-832.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azuma Y., Ohura K., Wang P.L., Shinohara M. Endomorphins delay constitutive apoptosis and alter the innate host defense functions of neutrophils. Immunol. Lett., 2002, Vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 31-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azuma Y., Ohura K., Wang P.L., Shinohara M. Endomorphins delay constitutive apoptosis and alter the innate host defense functions of neutrophils. Immunol. Lett., 2002, Vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 31-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bodnar R.J. Endogenous opiates and behavior. Peptides, 2010, Vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 2325-2359.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bodnar R.J. Endogenous opiates and behavior. Peptides, 2010, Vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 2325-2359.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gein S.V., Baeva T.A. Endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of innate immunity cell functions. Biochemistry, 2011, Vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 379-390. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gein S.V., Baeva T.A. Endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of innate immunity cell functions. Biochemistry, 2011, Vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 379-390. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gein S.V., Baeva T.A., Nebogatikov V.O., Tendryakova S.P. Influence of beta-endorphin on antibody genesis, proliferation and secretion of Th1/Th2 cytokines in vivo. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2011, Vol. 152, no. 11, pp. 526-529. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gein S.V., Baeva T.A., Nebogatikov V.O., Tendryakova S.P. Influence of beta-endorphin on antibody genesis, proliferation and secretion of Th1/Th2 cytokines in vivo. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2011, Vol. 152, no. 11, pp. 526-529. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horvath G. Endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2: pharmacology of the selective endogenous µ-opioid receptor agonists. Pharmacol. Ther., 2000, Vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 437-463.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horvath G. Endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2: pharmacology of the selective endogenous µ-opioid receptor agonists. Pharmacol. Ther., 2000, Vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 437-463.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janecka A., Staniszewska R., Fichna J. Endomorphin analogs. Curr. Med. Chem., 2007, Vol. 14, no. 30, pp. 3201-3208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janecka A., Staniszewska R., Fichna J. Endomorphin analogs. Curr. Med. Chem., 2007, Vol. 14, no. 30, pp. 3201-3208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jerne N.K., Nordin A.A. Plaque formation in agar by single antibody-producing cells. Science, 1963, Vol. 140, no. 3365, pp. 405-405.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jerne N.K., Nordin A.A. Plaque formation in agar by single antibody-producing cells. Science, 1963, Vol. 140, no. 3365, pp. 405-405.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keresztes A., Borics A., Tóth G. Recent advances in endomorphin engineering. ChemMedChem, 2010, Vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 1176-1196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keresztes A., Borics A., Tóth G. Recent advances in endomorphin engineering. ChemMedChem, 2010, Vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 1176-1196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kimmey B.A., McCall N.M., Wooldridge L.M., Satterthwaite T.D., Corder G. Engaging endogenous opioid circuits in pain affective processes. J. Neurosci. Res., 2022, Vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 66-98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kimmey B.A., McCall N.M., Wooldridge L.M., Satterthwaite T.D., Corder G. Engaging endogenous opioid circuits in pain affective processes. J. Neurosci. Res., 2022, Vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 66-98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plein L.M., Rittner H.L. Opioids and the immune system – friend or foe. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2017, Vol. 175, no. 14, pp. 2717-2725.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plein L.M., Rittner H.L. Opioids and the immune system – friend or foe. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2017, Vol. 175, no. 14, pp. 2717-2725.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pomorska D.K., Gach K., Janecka A. Immunomodulatory effects of endogenous and synthetic peptides activating opioid receptors. Mini Rev. Med. Chem., 2014, Vol. 14, no. 14, pp. 1148-1155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pomorska D.K., Gach K., Janecka A. Immunomodulatory effects of endogenous and synthetic peptides activating opioid receptors. Mini Rev. Med. Chem., 2014, Vol. 14, no. 14, pp. 1148-1155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pshennikova M.G. The role of opioid peptides in the body’s response to stress. Pathological Physiology and Experimental Therapy, 1987, no. 3, pp. 85-90. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pshennikova M.G. The role of opioid peptides in the body’s response to stress. Pathological Physiology and Experimental Therapy, 1987, no. 3, pp. 85-90. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharp B.M. Multiple opioid receptors on immune cells modulate intracellular signaling. Brain Behav. Immun., 2006, Vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 9-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharp B.M. Multiple opioid receptors on immune cells modulate intracellular signaling. Brain Behav. Immun., 2006, Vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 9-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zadina J.E., Nilges M.R., Morgenweck J., Zhang X., Hackler L., Fasold M.B. Endomorphin analog analgesics with reduced abuse liability, respiratory depression, motor impairment, tolerance, and glial activation relative to morphine. Neuropharmacology, 2016, Vol. 105, pp. 215-227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zadina J.E., Nilges M.R., Morgenweck J., Zhang X., Hackler L., Fasold M.B. Endomorphin analog analgesics with reduced abuse liability, respiratory depression, motor impairment, tolerance, and glial activation relative to morphine. Neuropharmacology, 2016, Vol. 105, pp. 215-227.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
