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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-TMC-2774</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2774</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тучные клетки тимуса как компонент нейро-эндокринно-иммунных взаимодействий при стрессе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thymus mast cells as a component of neuro-endocrine-immune interactions under stress</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0558-9470</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арташян</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artashyan</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арташян Ольга Сергеевна  – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунофизиологии и иммунофармакологии</p><p>620049, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Первомайская, 106</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Artashyan, PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunophysiology and Immunopharmacology</p><p>106 Pervomayskaya St Yekaterinburg 620049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artashyan@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7781-772X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храмцова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khramtsova</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Храмцова Юлия Сергеевна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунофизиологии и иммунофармакологии</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunophysiology and Immunopharmacology</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hramtsova15@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>539</fpage><lpage>544</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Арташян О.С., Храмцова Ю.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Арташян О.С., Храмцова Ю.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Artashyan O.S., Khramtsova Y.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2774">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2774</self-uri><abstract><p>Тучные клетки являются обязательным компонентом микроокружения тимуса, за счет выработки ряда цитокинов они влияют на межклеточные взаимодействия и проницаемость гемато-тимического барьера. Предполагают, что тимус является местом образования и депонирования тучных клеток. Тучные клетки, находясь под сложным комплексным нейроэндокринным контролем, при формировании стресс-реакции могут играть важную роль в процессе временной трансформации тимуса, влияя в том числе на экстратимическую миграцию клеток. Цель данного исследования – оценить функциональную вовлеченность тучных клеток в процесс временной трансформации тимуса при различных гипери гиподинамических воздействиях на фоне формирования стресс реакции и без нее. Эксперимент проведен на самцах крыс линии Wistar. В качестве стресс-факторов применяли физическую нагрузку (плавание) разной интенсивности и иммобилизацию (у животных с сохраненными и удаленными надпочениками), как два полярных состояния динамического стресса. На гистологических препаратах тучные клетки типировали и рассчитывали коэффициент дегрануляции и средний гистохимический коэффициент (синтетическую активность). В группах с сохраненными надпочечниками после воздействий отмечается достоверное снижение коэффициента массы тимуса, что свидетельствует об ослаблении его функциональной активности в ответ на развитие стресса. При этом тучные клетки тимуса довольно быстро реагируют на нейроэндокринные факторы, выделяемые при стрессе, и вовлекаются в общую реакцию: их активность проявляется в синхронном снижении синтеза гранул в цитоплазме и усиленном выбросе активных веществ, накопленных ранее. В группах с удаленными надпочечниками, напротив, после иммобилизации масса и структура тимуса остаются неизменными, не выявляются и изменения морфофункциональных показателей тучных клеток. Эксперименты с гипои гипердинамической нагрузкой животных с сохраненными и удаленными надпочечниками свидетельствуют, что реакция тучных клеток во многом определяется гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой осью эндокринной системы. Удаление надпочечников (невозможность выброса глюкокортикоидов) приводит к отсутствию функционального ответа со стороны тучных клеток тимуса. Стимулирующее влияние глюкокортикоидов надпочечников на тучные клетки при стрессе осуществляется в комплексе с другими нейроэндокринными факторами (катехоламинами, кортикотропин-релизинг-гормоном, адренокортикотропным гормоном) и при формировании полноценной стресс-реакции организмом, они активно вовлекаются в процесс временной трансформации тимуса через выделение ряда цитокинов, что является важным условием для выработки адаптационных механизмов со стороны иммунной системы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mast cells (MCs) are a required component of the thymus microenvironment. They affect intercellular interactions and permeability of the hematothymic barrier through cytokine production. There is speculation that the thymus is the site of MCs formation and deposition. MCs are under complex neuro-endocrine control and they can play an important role in the process of acute transformation of the thymus in the formation of a stress reaction, affecting the extrathymic migration of cells. The purpose of this study is to assess the functional involvement of MCs in the process of the thymus acute transformation at various hyper- and hypodynamic effects during the formation of stress response and without it.</p><p>The study was conducted on male Wistar rats. The stress factors were physical activity (swimming) of different intensities and immobilization, which represent two opposite states of dynamic stress. MCs were classified on histological preparations; a degranulation coefficient and a mean histochemical coefficient (synthetic activity) were calculated.</p><p>In groups with preserved adrenal glands after exposure a significant decrease in the thymus mass coefficient is noted, which indicates a weakening of its functional activity in response to the development of stress. At the same time, MCs of the thymus quickly respond to neuro-endocrine factors under stress. These cells are involved in a general reaction: their activity consists in a synchronous decrease of the synthesis of granules in the cytoplasm and an increased release of active substances accumulated earlier. The mass and structure of the thymus remain unchanged in groups with removed adrenal glands after immobilization. No changes in morphofunctional indicators of mast cells were detected either. Experiments with hypo- and hyperdinamic loading of animals with preserved and removed adrenal glands indicate that the MCs response is largely determined by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of the endocrine system. Removal of the adrenal glands (inability to release glucocorticoids) leads to a lack of functional response from the thymus MCs. The stimulating effect of adrenal glucocorticoids on MCs under stress is carried out in combination with other neuro-endocrine factors (catecholamines, corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone). When this axis is activated and a full-fledged stress reaction is formed by the body, MCs are actively involved in the process of acute transformation of the thymus through cytokine secretion. These is an important condition for the development of adaptation mechanisms by the immune system.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тимус</kwd><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>иммунные клетки</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>надпочечники</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thymus</kwd><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>immune cells</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>adrenal glands</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out partly within the frame- work of the IIF UB RAS themes No. 122020900136-4</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayyadurai S., Gibson A.J., D’Costa S., Overman E.L., Sommerville L.J., Poopal A.C., Mackey E., Li Y., Moeser A.J. 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