<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-PIE-2755</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2755</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Плеотропные иммуномодулирующие эффекты пептида Arginyl-alpha-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Valyl-Tyrosyl-Arginine на различные субпопуляции нейтрофильных гранулоцитов и их фенотип у пациентов с COVID-19 в экспериментальной системе in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pleiotropic immunomodulating effects of peptide Arginyl-alpha-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Valyl-Tyrosyl-Arginine on various subsets of neutrophilic granulocytes and their phenotype in patients with COVID-19 in vitro</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3062-7595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Городин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorodin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Городин В.Н. – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии ФПК и ППС </p><p>г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gorodin V.N., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology of FAT and PRS </p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vgorodin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-6598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матушкина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matushkina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Матушкина В.А. – ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки специалистов </p><p>г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Matushkina V.A., Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology of the Faculty of Professional Development and Professional Retraining of Specialists </p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lm.mva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-2038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чапурина</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chapurina</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чапурина В.Н. – ассистент кафедры клинической иммунологии, аллергологии и лабораторной диагностики ФПК и ППС </p><p>г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chapurina V.N., Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Laboratory Diagnostics of FAT and PRS </p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavlenkoevi2016@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меняйло</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Menyailo</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меняйло А.И. – ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии ФПК и ППС </p><p>г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Menyailo A.I., Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology of FAT and PRS </p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">menyaylo_77@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-5806</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалева С.В. – д.м.н., доцент кафедры клинической иммунологии, аллергологии и лабораторной диагностики ФПК и ППС </p><p>г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kovaleva S.V., PhD, MD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Laboratory Diagnostics of FAT and PRS </p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">3483335@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дыдышко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dydyshko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дыдышко Е.И. – к.м.н., доцент кафедры клинической иммунологии, аллергологии и лабораторной диагностики ФПК и ППС </p><p>г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dydyshko E.I., PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Laboratory Diagnostics of FAT and PRS </p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vochka@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>815</fpage><lpage>822</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Городин В.Н., Матушкина В.А., Чапурина В.Н., Меняйло А.И., Ковалева С.В., Дыдышко Е.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Городин В.Н., Матушкина В.А., Чапурина В.Н., Меняйло А.И., Ковалева С.В., Дыдышко Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorodin V.N., Matushkina V.A., Chapurina V.N., Menyailo A.I., Kovaleva S.V., Dydyshko E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2755">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2755</self-uri><abstract><p>Ключевая роль нейтрофильных гранулоцитов (НГ) в патогенезе COVID-19 делает их новыми мишенями для таргетных терапевтических подходов с возможностью влияния на течение и исход болезни, восстановление негативных изменений фенотипа и функций НГ. Наиболее перспективными в лечении COVID-19 являются синтетические пептиды или полипептидные комплексы с физиологическим механизмом действия. Цель – выявить эффекты влияния гексапептида (ГП) – Arginyl-alpha-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Valyl-Tyrosyl-Arginine на фенотип функционально-значимых субпопуляций НГ при среднетяжелой форме COVID-19.</p><p>Обследованы пациенты 61 (57-71) года (n = 45) в остром периоде COVID-19 – группа исследования 1 (ГИ1). Кровь пациентов ГИ1 инкубировали in vitro с ГП (106 г/л, 60 мин, Т 37 °С) – группа исследования 2 (ГИ2). Оценивали количество НГ субпопуляций CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+, CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119- , CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+, CD64- CD16+CD32+CD11b+, CD64+CD16+CD32+CD11b+ и фенотип по интенсивности флюоресценции (MFI) (FC 500, Beckman Coulter, США); фагоцитарную активность НГ до и после инкубации с ГП. Группа сравнения (ГС) – 22 добровольца 58 (57-70) лет, обследованных в доковидный период.</p><p>Выявлены однонаправленные эффекты ГП in vitro, способствующие восстановлению фенотипа субпопуляций CD16+IFNα/βR1- CD119+НГ и CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119- НГ до показателей ГС. Показано снижение MFI СD16 (p &lt; 0,05) в обеих субпопуляциях; MFI СD119 (p &lt; 0,05) в субпопуляции CD16+IFNα/βR1- CD119+НГ и MFI IFNα/βR1 рецепторов в субпопуляции CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119- НГ. Эффекты влияния ГП на фенотип субпопуляций CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+НГ в 76% случаев проявлялись снижением MFI CD16 (p &lt; 0,05) и повышением MFI IFNα/βR1 и СD119 (p1, 2 &lt; 0,05), а в 24% случаев уменьшением MFI IFNα/βR1 (p &lt; 0,05). Под влиянием ГП in vitro установлено ремоделирование фенотипов субпопуляций НГ CD64- CD16+CD32+CD11b+ и CD64+CD16+CD32+CD11b+, отвечающих за эффекторные функции, от гиперактивированных до нормальных. Изменялся фенотип НГ в субпопуляции CD64- CD16+CD32+CD11b+ – отмечалось снижение MFI CD16 и CD11b до показателей ГС (p1, 2 &lt; 0,05). Наблюдалась уменьшение количества CD64+CD16+CD32+CD11b+НГ, со сниженным MFI CD16 (p1, 2 &gt; 0,05). Восстановление фенотипа НГ, трансформированного при COVID-19, под влиянием ГП приводило и к нормализации фагоцитарной функции.</p><p>Положительные эффекты влияния ГП in vitro на фенотипы субпопуляций, участвующих в противовирусной защите, и функции НГ при COVID-19 открывают перспективы для создания новых методов иммунотерапии с включением гексапептида для восстановления дисфункций НГ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The key role of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 makes them new targets for therapeutic approaches and of influencing the course and outcome of the disease, restoring changes in the phenotype and functions of NG. Synthetic peptides or polypeptide complexes of action are the most promising in the treatment of COVID-19. Aim: to reveal the effects of the influence of the hexapeptide (HP) – Arginyl-alpha-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Valyl-Tyrosyl-Arginine on the phenotype of functionally significant NG subsets in moderate COVID-19.</p><p>The study examined patients 61 (57-71) years old (n = 45) in the acute period of COVID-19 – study group1 (SG1). In vitro, samples SG1 were incubated with HP (106 g/L, 60 min, 37 °C) – study group2 (SG2). The number of NG subsets was evaluated: CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+, CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119- , CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+, CD64- CD16+CD32+CD11b+, CD64+CD16+CD32+CD11b+ and phenotype by membrane receptor expression density (MFI) (FC 500, Beckman Coulter, USA); NG phagocytic activity was tested before and after incubation with HP. The comparison group (GS) – of 22 volunteers examined in the pre-COVID period.</p><p>It was revealed that unidirectional effects of HP in vitro contributing to the restoration of the phenotype of subsets CD16+IFNα/βR1- CD119+, CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119- to CG indicators. There was a decrease in MFI CD16 (p &lt; 0.05) in both subsets; MFI CD119 (p &lt; 0.05) in the CD16+IFNα/βR1- CD119+NG subset, MFI IFNa/βR1 in the CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119- NG subset. The effects of HP on the phenotype of CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+NG subsets in 76% of cases were manifested by a decrease in MFI CD16 (p&lt;0.05), an increase in MFI IFNα/βR1 and CD119 (p1, 2&lt;0.05), and in 24% of cases a decrease in MFI IFNα/βR1 (p&lt;0.05). HP in vitro remodeling of the phenotypes subsets CD64- CD16+CD32+CD11b+ and CD64+CD16+CD32+CD11b+ were established, providing the usefulness of effector functions from hyperactivated to normal. In the CD64- CD16+CD32+CD11b+ subset, there was a decrease in MFI CD16 and CD11b to the indicators CG (p1, 2 &lt; 0.05). Recovery of the NG phenotype under the influence of HP led to the restoration of the phagocytic function of NG.</p><p>Positive effects of HP in vitro on the phenotypes of subsets actively and NGfunctions in COVID-19 open up prospects for the creation of new methods of immunotherapy to restore NG dysfunctions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>нейтрофильные гранулоциты</kwd><kwd>субпопуляции</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>иммуномодуляция</kwd><kwd>гексапептид</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>neutrophilic granulocytes</kwd><kwd>subsets</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>immunomodulation</kwd><kwd>hexapeptide</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afeltra A., Galeazzi M., Basso P., Pietrucci A., de Pità O., Ferri G.M., Porzio F., Bonomo L. Immune imbalance in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients: Effects of intra-articular injection of thymopentin. J. Boil. Regul. Homeost. Agents, 1991, Vol. 5, pp. 71-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afeltra A., Galeazzi M., Basso P., Pietrucci A., de Pità O., Ferri G.M., Porzio F., Bonomo L. Immune imbalance in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients: Effects of intra-articular injection of thymopentin. J. Boil. Regul. Homeost. Agents, 1991, Vol. 5, pp. 71-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cicco S., Cicco G., Racanelli V., Vacca A. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs): Two potential targets for COVID-19 treatment. Mediators Inflamm., 2020, Vol. 2020, 7527953. doi: 10.1155/2020/7527953.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cicco S., Cicco G., Racanelli V., Vacca A. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs): Two potential targets for COVID-19 treatment. Mediators Inflamm., 2020, Vol. 2020, 7527953. doi: 10.1155/2020/7527953.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khavinson V., Linkova N., Dyatlova A., Kuznik B., Umnov R. Peptides: prospects for use in the treatment of COVID-19. Molecules, 2020, Vol. 25, no. 19, 4389. doi: 10.3390/molecules25194389.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khavinson V., Linkova N., Dyatlova A., Kuznik B., Umnov R. Peptides: prospects for use in the treatment of COVID-19. Molecules, 2020, Vol. 25, no. 19, 4389. doi: 10.3390/molecules25194389.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y., Zhou X., Liu X., Jiang X. The immunology and immunotherapy for COVID-19. Expert Rev. Mol. Med., 2021. Vol. 23, e24. doi: 10.1017/erm.2021.30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y., Zhou X., Liu X., Jiang X. The immunology and immunotherapy for COVID-19. Expert Rev. Mol. Med., 2021. Vol. 23, e24. doi: 10.1017/erm.2021.30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markova T.P., Chuvirov D.G. Immunotherapy with imunofan to the treatment of children with recurrent respiratory deseasis and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Effective Pharmacotherapy, 2022. Vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 12-18. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markova T.P., Chuvirov D.G. Immunotherapy with imunofan to the treatment of children with recurrent respiratory deseasis and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Effective Pharmacotherapy, 2022. Vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 12-18. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masso-Silva J., Moshensky A., Lam M., Odish M., Patel A., Xu L., Hansen E., Trescott S., Nguyen C., Kim R., Perofsky K., Perera S., Ma L., Pham J., Rolfsen M., Olay J., Shin J., Dan J.M., Abbott R. K., Ramirez S., Alexander T.H., Lin G.Y., Fuentes A.L., Advani I., Gunge D., Pretorius V., Malhotra A., Sun X., Duran J., Hepokoski M.,. Crotty Sh., Coufal N.G., Meier A., Crotty A.L.E. Increased peripheral blood neutrophil activation phenotypes and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in critically Ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: A case series and review of the literature. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2022, Vol. 74. pp. 479-489.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masso-Silva J., Moshensky A., Lam M., Odish M., Patel A., Xu L., Hansen E., Trescott S., Nguyen C., Kim R., Perofsky K., Perera S., Ma L., Pham J., Rolfsen M., Olay J., Shin J., Dan J.M., Abbott R. K., Ramirez S., Alexander T.H., Lin G.Y., Fuentes A.L., Advani I., Gunge D., Pretorius V., Malhotra A., Sun X., Duran J., Hepokoski M.,. Crotty Sh., Coufal N.G., Meier A., Crotty A.L.E. Increased peripheral blood neutrophil activation phenotypes and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in critically Ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: A case series and review of the literature. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2022, Vol. 74. pp. 479-489.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McKenna E., Wubben R., Isaza-Correa J.M., Melo A.M., Mhaonaigh A.U., Conlon N., O’Donnell J.S., Ní Cheallaigh C., Hurley T., Stevenson N.J., Little M.A., Molloy E.J. Neutrophils in COVID-19: Not Innocent Bystanders. Front. Immunol., 2022, Vol. 13, 864387. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864387.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McKenna E., Wubben R., Isaza-Correa J.M., Melo A.M., Mhaonaigh A.U., Conlon N., O’Donnell J.S., Ní Cheallaigh C., Hurley T., Stevenson N.J., Little M.A., Molloy E.J. Neutrophils in COVID-19: Not Innocent Bystanders. Front. Immunol., 2022, Vol. 13, 864387. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864387.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nesterova I.V., Chudilova G.A., Chapurina V.N., Kovaleva S.V., Teterin Yu.V., Barova N.K., Lyagusha D.E., Tarakanov V.A. Clinical and immunological efficacy of immunotherapeutic program after surgical treatment of children with various forms of acute peritonitis. Medical Immunology (Russia), 2022, Vol 24, no. 3, pp. 553-572. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-CAI-2470.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nesterova I.V., Chudilova G.A., Chapurina V.N., Kovaleva S.V., Teterin Yu.V., Barova N.K., Lyagusha D.E., Tarakanov V.A. Clinical and immunological efficacy of immunotherapeutic program after surgical treatment of children with various forms of acute peritonitis. Medical Immunology (Russia), 2022, Vol 24, no. 3, pp. 553-572. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-CAI-2470.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nesterova I.V., Khaidukov S.V., Nguyen T.D.L., Ronzhina A.N. Influences of hexapeptide arginyl-alphaaspartil-lizil-valyl-tyrosil-arginin on the transformed phenotype of neutrophilic granulotsites of healthy persons in the experimental system in vitro. Russian Journal of Immunology, 2017, Vol. 11 (20), no. 2, pp. 176-179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nesterova I.V., Khaidukov S.V., Nguyen T.D.L., Ronzhina A.N. Influences of hexapeptide arginyl-alphaaspartil-lizil-valyl-tyrosil-arginin on the transformed phenotype of neutrophilic granulotsites of healthy persons in the experimental system in vitro. Russian Journal of Immunology, 2017, Vol. 11 (20), no. 2, pp. 176-179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruan Q., Yang K., Wang W., Jiang L., Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med., 2020, Vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 846-848.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruan Q., Yang K., Wang W., Jiang L., Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med., 2020, Vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 846-848.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solmajer T. Design of a novel thymopoietin analogue based on conformational analyses. Drug Des. Deliv., 1990, Vol. 6, pp. 213-221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solmajer T. Design of a novel thymopoietin analogue based on conformational analyses. Drug Des. Deliv., 1990, Vol. 6, pp. 213-221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stegelmeier A.A., Darzianiazizi M., Hanada K., Sharif S., Wootton S.K., Bridle B.W., Karimi K. Type I interferon-mediated regulation of antiviral capabilities of neutrophils. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, Vol. 22, 4726. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094726.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stegelmeier A.A., Darzianiazizi M., Hanada K., Sharif S., Wootton S.K., Bridle B.W., Karimi K. Type I interferon-mediated regulation of antiviral capabilities of neutrophils. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, Vol. 22, 4726. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094726.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Q., Zhao Y., Chen X., Hong A. Virtual screening of approved clinic drugs with main protease (3CLpro) reveals potential inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 2020, Vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 685-695.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Q., Zhao Y., Chen X., Hong A. Virtual screening of approved clinic drugs with main protease (3CLpro) reveals potential inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 2020, Vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 685-695.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
