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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-CAI-2753</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2753</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-иммунологическая характеристика студентов медицинского вуза в зависимости от длительности и программы обучения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and immunological characteristics of medical students depending on the duration and program of study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7945-618X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеботов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chebotov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чеботов С.А. – аспирант кафедры клинической иммунологии и аллергологии </p><p>344022, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chebotov S.A., Postgraduate Student, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology </p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Chebotovsergey@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9747-5077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уразмамбетов</surname><given-names>Р. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Urazmambetov</surname><given-names>R. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уразмамбетов Р.Т. – аспирант кафедры клинической иммунологии и аллергологии </p><p>344022, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Urazmambetov R.T., Postgraduate Student, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology </p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uvc-pri-rostgmu@rostgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7735-4275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреева И.И. – д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры клинической иммунологии и аллергологии </p><p>344022, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andreeva I.I., PhD, MD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology </p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iai3012@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0806-6437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харитонова М.В. – к.м.н., заведующая лабораторией клинической иммунологии и аллергологии </p><p>344022, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kharitonova M.V., PhD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergology </p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mari.kharitonova.80@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>747</fpage><lpage>750</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чеботов С.А., Уразмамбетов Р.Т., Андреева И.И., Харитонова М.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чеботов С.А., Уразмамбетов Р.Т., Андреева И.И., Харитонова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chebotov S.A., Urazmambetov R.T., Andreeva I.I., Kharitonova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2753">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2753</self-uri><abstract><p>Хронический психоэмоциональный стресс может стать причиной дисфункции нейроиммуноэндокринной дисрегуляции с последствиями в виде нарушения функционального потенциала иммунной системы. Адаптация к новым условиям жизни при старте учебы в медицинском вузе – одно из неизбежных обстоятельств, которое преодолевают первокурсники. Обучение по программе военной подготовки в медицинском вузе несет в этом аспекте дополнительную стрессорную нагрузку. Исследования, посвященные механизмам формирования адаптивных реакций иммунной системы при обучении по программе военной подготовки офицеров медицинской службы, представляют несомненный интерес. Целью проведенного исследования стала сопоставительная характеристика клинической манифестации иммуноопосредованной патологии и параметров адаптивного и врожденного иммунитета студентов медицинского вуза в зависимости от стажа и программы обучения. Под наблюдением находились 104 студента-медика, все – мужчины, из которых 37 первокурсников и 67 – студенты третьего курсов медицинского университета. Обследуемые каждого курса разделены на две подгруппы в зависимости от программы обучения. Группа первокурсников состояла из 18 человек военного учебного центра (ВУЦ) и 19 – лечебно-профилактического факультета (ЛПФ). Среди третьекурсников студентов ВУЦ – 31, ЛПФ – 36. Для клинической характеристики заболеваемости в течение года обучения использовали регистрационные карты анализа иммуноопосредованной патологии, параметры иммунной системы в конце весеннего семестра исследовали с использованием стандартных методологических подходов. Полученные данные указывают, что на первом курсе адаптация к обучению у студентов, имеющих дополнительную нагрузку в виде программы военной подготовки, проходит более тяжело в сравнении с первокурсниками лечебного факультета. Эти различия состоят в более частой и значимой клинической манифестации инфекционной патологии и отражаются на функциональном потенциале клеточных показателей врожденного иммунитета. Констатация признаков угнетения функциональных потенций клеток макрофагального ряда и натуральных киллеров у первокурсников военного учебного центра является настораживающим фактором возможного срыва адаптационных резервов системы иммунного реагирования, что, вероятно предполагает необходимость разработки программ превенции негативного влияния стрессообразующих факторов. К третьем году обучения у студентов военного учебного центра в сравнении со студентами стандартной образовательной программы врачей-лечебников клинические и иммунологические показатели функционирования иммунной системы лучшие. Вероятно предположение, что в этот период завершается процесс психологической адаптации военных студентов-медиков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic psycho-emotional stress can cause dysfunction of neuroimmunoendocrine dysregulation with consequences in the form of a violation of the functional potential of the immune system. Adaptation to new living conditions at the start of studies at a medical university is one of the inevitable circumstances that first-year students overcome. Education under the military training program at a medical university carries an additional stress load in this aspect. Research on the mechanisms of formation of adaptive reactions of the immune system during training under the military training program for officers of the medical service is of undoubted interest. The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical manifestations of immune-mediated pathology and the parameters of adaptive and innate immunity of medical students depending on the length of service and training program. Under observation were 104 medical students, all men, of which 37 were first-year students and 67 were third-year students of a medical university. The subjects of each course were divided into two subgroups depending on the training program. The group of first-year students consisted of 18 people from the military training center (VTC) and 19 people from the medical and preventive faculty (LPF). Among the third-year students of the VUC – 31, LPF – 36. For the clinical characterization of the incidence during the year of study, registration cards for the analysis of immune-mediated pathology were used, the parameters of the immune system at the end of the spring semester were studied using standard methodological approaches. The data obtained indicate that in the first year students with an additional load in the form of a military training program have a more difficult time adapting to learning in comparison with first-year students of the medical faculty. These differences consist in a more frequent and significant clinical manifestation of infectious pathology and are reflected in the functional potential of cellular parameters of innate immunity. The statement of signs of inhibition of the functional potencies of macrophage cells and natural killers in firstyear students of a military training center is an alarming factor in the possible disruption of the adaptive reserves of the immune response system, which probably suggests the need to develop programs to prevent the negative impact of stress-forming factors. By the third year of study, the students of the military training center have the best clinical and immunological indicators of the functioning of the immune system in comparison with the students of the standard educational program of general practitioners. It is likely that during this period the process of psychological adaptation of military medical students is completed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психоэмоциональный стресс</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>студенты</kwd><kwd>натуральные киллеры</kwd><kwd>иммунная дисрегуляция</kwd><kwd>стрессообразующие факторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>psycho-emotional stress</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>students</kwd><kwd>natural killers</kwd><kwd>immune dysregulation</kwd><kwd>stress-forming factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ben-Eliyahu S. Can we really know if a stressor increases or decreases natural killer cell activity? Brain Behav. Immun., 2012, Vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 1224-1255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ben-Eliyahu S. 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