<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-ROK-2751</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2751</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Регуляция кисспептином-54 активности индоламин-2,3-диоксигеназы и апоптоза лимфоцитов периферической крови</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulation of kisspeptin-54 activity of indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase and apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-6848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбунова Ольга Леонидовна  – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунорегуляции</p><p>614081, г. Пермь, ул. Голева, 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga L. Gorbunova, PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunoregulation</p><p>13 Golev St Perm 614081</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olia15_77@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5766-7496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширшев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirshev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ширшев Сергей Викторович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, заведующий лабораторией иммунорегуляции</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Shirshev, PhD, MD (Medicine), Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation, Head, Laboratory of Immunoregulation</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shirshev@iegm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук – филиал ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Branch of Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>501</fpage><lpage>506</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбунова О.Л., Ширшев С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбунова О.Л., Ширшев С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbunova O.L., Shirshev S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2751">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2751</self-uri><abstract><p>Беременность представляет собой феномен естественной полуаллогенной трансплантации, поскольку плод наполовину чужероден в силу экспрессии отцовских антигенов. Установлено, что гипоталамический гормон кисспептин в период беременности вырабатывается синцитиотрофобластом плаценты и участвует в формировании нового специфического гормонального фона. В крови беременных женщин циркулируют несколько форм гормона: кисспептин-10, кисспептин-14 и кисспептин-54 (по количеству аминокислотных остатков в молекуле гормона), однако основной активной формой является кисспептин-54. Основным механизмом формирования иммунной толерантности во время беременности является индукция экспрессии фермента индоламин-2,3-диоксигеназы (IDO) антигенпрезентирующими клетками периферической крови, вследствие чего происходит катализ триптофана (Trp) до кинуренинов (KYN), блокирующих активацию и вызывающих апоптоз цитотоксических CD8+Т-лимфоцитов в зоне соприкосновения материнских иммунных клеток с антигенами плацентарно-фетального комплекса. Кроме этого, в период беременности важная роль отводится процессу апоптоза, поскольку активированные клетки могут быть потенциально опасными для развивающегося плода. Иммунокомпетентные клетки крови экспрессируют специфический мембранный рецептор кисспептина (KISS-1R). Поскольку кисспептин-54 поступает в системный кровоток только во время беременности, то гормон оказывает действие на иммунные клетки только в этот период.</p><p>Целью данной работы была оценка влияния кисспептина-54 в концентрациях, сопоставимых с его уровнем во время физиологической беременности, на активность IDO и апоптоз лимфоцитов периферической крови.</p><p>В качестве объекта исследования использовались мононуклеарные клетки периферической крови (PBMC) полученные от 10 здоровых небеременных женщин репродуктивного возраста (от 23 до 32 лет). Апоптоз лимфоцитов оценивали в суспензии PBMC путем окрашивания аннексином-V и йодистым пропидием. Определение количества клеток на ранней и поздней стадиях апоптоза проводили в изолированном гейте лимфоцитов. Активность IDO в PBMC определяли спектрофотометрически по изменению концентрации KYN – первого стабильного метаболита пути распада Trp.</p><p>Выявлено, что кисспептин-54 в концентрации 4,6 pM, соответствующей II триместру беременности, достоверно усиливает активность IDO, увеличивает количество клеток, находящихся в ранней и поздней стадиях апоптоза. Таким образом, кисспептин-54 является важным механизмом контроля этих процессов в период беременности, направленным на защиту полуаллогенного плода от неблагоприятных иммунных реакций матери и благоприятным развитием беременности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pregnancy is a phenomenon of natural semi-allogeneic transplantation, since the fetus is half alien due to the expression of paternal antigens. It was found that the hypothalamic hormone kisspeptin during pregnancy is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and participates in the formation of a new specific hormonal background. Several forms of the hormone circulate in the blood of pregnant women: kisspeptin-10, kisspeptin-14 and kisspeptin-54 (according to the number of amino acid residues in the hormone molecule), but the main active form is kisspeptin-54. The main mechanism for the formation of immune tolerance during pregnancy is the induction of the expression of the enzyme indolamine-2,3- dioxygenase (IDO) by antigen-presenting cells of peripheral blood, resulting in the catalysis of tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenins (KYN) blocking the activation and causing apoptosis of cytotoxic CD8+T lymphocytes in the zone of contact of maternal immune cells with placental-fetal complex antigens. In addition, during pregnancy, an important role is assigned to the process of apoptosis, since activated cells can be potentially dangerous for the developing fetus. Immunocompetent blood cells express a specific membrane receptor of kisspeptin (KISS-1R). Since kisspeptin-54 enters the systemic circulation only during pregnancy, the hormone has an effect on immune cells only during this period.</p><p>The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of kisspeptin-54 in concentrations comparable to its level</p><p>during physiological pregnancy on IDO activity and apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes.</p><p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 10 healthy non-pregnant women of reproductive age (from 23 to 32 years) were used as the object of the study. Lymphocyte apoptosis was assessed in PBMC suspension by staining with annexin-V and propidium iodide. The determination of the number of cells in the early and late stages of apoptosis was carried out in the isolated gate of lymphocytes. IDO activity in PBMC was determined spectrophotometrically by changes in the concentration of KYN, the first stable metabolite of the Trp decay pathway.</p><p>It was found that kisspeptin-54 at a concentration of 4.6 pM corresponding to the second trimester of pregnancy significantly enhances the activity of IDO, increases the number of cells in the early and late stages of apoptosis. Thus, kisspeptin-54 is an important mechanism for controlling these processes during pregnancy, aimed at protecting the semi-allogeneic fetus from adverse immune reactions of the mother and the favorable development of pregnancy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кисспептин-54</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>индоламин-2</kwd><kwd>3-диоксигеназа</kwd><kwd>мононуклеарные клетки периферической крови</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kisspeptin-54</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>indolamine-2</kwd><kwd>3-dioxygenase</kwd><kwd>peripheral blood mononuclear cells</kwd><kwd>lymphocytes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа была выполнена в рамках государственного задания, государственный регистрационный номер темы: АААА-А19-119112290007-7.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out within the framework of the state task, the state topic registration number: АААА-А19-119112290007-7</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braun D., Longman R.S., Albert M.L. A two-step induction of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) activity during dendritic-cell maturation. Blood, 2005, Vol. 106, pp. 2375-2381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braun D., Longman R.S., Albert M.L. A two-step induction of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) activity during dendritic-cell maturation. Blood, 2005, Vol. 106, pp. 2375-2381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhillo W.S., Murphy K.G., Bloom S.R. The neuroendocrine physiology of kisspeptin in the human. Rev. Endocrinol. Metab. Disord., 2007, Vol. 8, pp. 41-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhillo W.S., Murphy K.G., Bloom S.R. The neuroendocrine physiology of kisspeptin in the human. Rev. Endocrinol. Metab. Disord., 2007, Vol. 8, pp. 41-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorbunova O.L., Shirshev S.V. Molecular mechanisms of the regulation by kisspeptin of the formation and functional activity of TREG and TH17. Biochem. (Moscow) Suppl. Ser. A, 2016, Vol. 10, pp. 180-187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbunova O.L., Shirshev S.V. Molecular mechanisms of the regulation by kisspeptin of the formation and functional activity of TREG and TH17. Biochem. (Moscow) Suppl. Ser. A, 2016, Vol. 10, pp. 180-187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harms J.F., Welch D.R., Miele M.E. KISS1 metastasis suppression and emergent pathways. Clin. Exp. Metastasis., 2003, Vol. 1, pp. 11-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harms J.F., Welch D.R., Miele M.E. KISS1 metastasis suppression and emergent pathways. Clin. Exp. Metastasis., 2003, Vol. 1, pp. 11-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horikoshi Y., Matsumoto H., Takatsu Y., Ohtaki T., Kitada C., Usuki S., Fujino M. Dramatic elevation of plasma metastin concentrations in human pregnancy: metastin as a novel placenta derived hormone in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, Vol. 2, pp. 914-919.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horikoshi Y., Matsumoto H., Takatsu Y., Ohtaki T., Kitada C., Usuki S., Fujino M. Dramatic elevation of plasma metastin concentrations in human pregnancy: metastin as a novel placenta derived hormone in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, Vol. 2, pp. 914-919.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y.S., Wu L., Tong X.H., Wu L.M., He G.P., Zhou G.X., Luo L.H., Luan H.B. Study on the relationship between Th17 cells and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 2011, Vol. 65, pp. 503-511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y.S., Wu L., Tong X.H., Wu L.M., He G.P., Zhou G.X., Luo L.H., Luan H.B. Study on the relationship between Th17 cells and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 2011, Vol. 65, pp. 503-511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez D.A., Mathers C.D., Ezzati M., Jamison D.T., Murray C.J.L. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet, 2006, Vol. 367, pp. 1747-1757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez D.A., Mathers C.D., Ezzati M., Jamison D.T., Murray C.J.L. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet, 2006, Vol. 367, pp. 1747-1757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller A.L., Mann D.H. IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan metabolism. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2004, Vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 762-774.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller A.L., Mann D.H. IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan metabolism. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2004, Vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 762-774.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muir A.I., Chamberlain L., Elshourbagy N.A., Michalovich D., Moore D.J., Calamari A., Szekeres P.G., Sarau H.M., Chambers J.K., Murdock P., Steplewski K., Shabon U., Miller J.E., Middleton S.E., Darker J.G., Larminie C.G., Wilson S., Bergsma D.J., Emson P., Faull R., Philpott K.L., Harrison D.C. AXOR12, a novel human G protein-coupled receptor, activated by the peptide KiSS-1. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, Vol. 276, pp. 28969-28975.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muir A.I., Chamberlain L., Elshourbagy N.A., Michalovich D., Moore D.J., Calamari A., Szekeres P.G., Sarau H.M., Chambers J.K., Murdock P., Steplewski K., Shabon U., Miller J.E., Middleton S.E., Darker J.G., Larminie C.G., Wilson S., Bergsma D.J., Emson P., Faull R., Philpott K.L., Harrison D.C. AXOR12, a novel human G protein-coupled receptor, activated by the peptide KiSS-1. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, Vol. 276, pp. 28969-28975.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Napso T., Yong H.E.J., Lopez-Tello J., Sferruzzi-Perri A.N. The role of placental hormones in mediating maternal adaptations to support pregnancy and lactation. Front Physiol., 2018, Vol. 9, 1091. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01091.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Napso T., Yong H.E.J., Lopez-Tello J., Sferruzzi-Perri A.N. The role of placental hormones in mediating maternal adaptations to support pregnancy and lactation. Front Physiol., 2018, Vol. 9, 1091. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01091.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peterson L.S., Stelzer I.A., Tsai A.S., Ghaemi M.S. Han X., Ando K., Winn V.D., Martinez N.R., Contrepois K., Moufarrej M.N., Quake S., Relman D.A., Snyder M.P., Shaw G.M., Stevenson D.K., Wong R.J., Arck P., Angst M.S., Aghaeepour N., Gaudilliere B. Multiomic immune clockworks of pregnancy. Semin. Immunopathol., 2020, Vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 397-412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peterson L.S., Stelzer I.A., Tsai A.S., Ghaemi M.S. Han X., Ando K., Winn V.D., Martinez N.R., Contrepois K., Moufarrej M.N., Quake S., Relman D.A., Snyder M.P., Shaw G.M., Stevenson D.K., Wong R.J., Arck P., Angst M.S., Aghaeepour N., Gaudilliere B. Multiomic immune clockworks of pregnancy. Semin. Immunopathol., 2020, Vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 397-412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rendell V., Bath N.M., Brennan T.V. Medawar’s paradox and immune mechanisms of fetomaternal tolerance. OBM Transplant., 2020, Vol. 4, no. 1 26. doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2001104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rendell V., Bath N.M., Brennan T.V. Medawar’s paradox and immune mechanisms of fetomaternal tolerance. OBM Transplant., 2020, Vol. 4, no. 1 26. doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2001104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sibiryak S.V. Assessment of apoptosis in immunological studies. Yekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2008. 59 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibiryak S.V. Assessment of apoptosis in immunological studies. Yekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2008. 59 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stathaki M., Armakolas A., Dimakakos A., Kaklamanis L., Vlachos I. Kisspeptin effect on endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP-II)-associated lymphocyte cell death and metastases in colorectal cancer patients. Mol. Med., 2014, Vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 80-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stathaki M., Armakolas A., Dimakakos A., Kaklamanis L., Vlachos I. Kisspeptin effect on endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP-II)-associated lymphocyte cell death and metastases in colorectal cancer patients. Mol. Med., 2014, Vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 80-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walsh C.M., Edinger A.L. The complex interplay between autophagy, apoptosis, and necrotic signals promotes T-cell homeostasis. Immunol. Rev., 2010, Vol. 236, pp. 95-109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walsh C.M., Edinger A.L. The complex interplay between autophagy, apoptosis, and necrotic signals promotes T-cell homeostasis. Immunol. Rev., 2010, Vol. 236, pp. 95-109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
