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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-EOT-2746</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2746</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка длительности сохранения Т-клеток памяти у мышей после иммунизации живой туляремийной вакциной</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the long-term memory T cell in mice after immunization with a live tularemia vaccine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3159-6439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карцева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartseva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карцева Алена Сергеевна – научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии</p><p>142279, Московская обл., г. о. Серпухов, п. Оболенск, территория «Квартал А», 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena S. Kartseva, Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Biology</p><p>24 Territory “Kvartal A” Obolensk, u. d. Serpukhov, Moscow Region 142279</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kartseva_as@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-2807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силкина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silkina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Силкина Марина Владимировна – научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии ФБУН «Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии»,</p><p>п. Оболенск, г. о. Серпухов, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Silkina, Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,</p><p>Obolensk, u. d. Serpukhov, Moscow Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marksil@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-5563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титарева</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titareva</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Титарева Галина Михайловна – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии сибирской язвы</p><p>п. Оболенск, г. о. Серпухов, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina M. Titareva, PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Anthrax Microbiology</p><p>Obolensk, u. d. Serpukhov, Moscow Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">titarevag@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1959-1739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комбарова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kombarova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комбарова Татьяна Ивановна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биологических испытаний</p><p>п. Оболенск, г. о. Серпухов, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana I. Kombarova, PhD (Bilogy), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Biological Testing</p><p>Obolensk, u. d. Serpukhov, Moscow Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kombarova.tatyana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8318-4156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миронова Раиса Ивановна – научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии сибирской язвы</p><p>п. Оболенск, г. о. Серпухов, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate, Laboratory of Anthrax Microbiology</p><p>Obolensk, u. d. Serpukhov, Moscow Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raya.mironova.53@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фирстова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Firstova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фирстова Виктория Валерьевна – доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии</p><p>п. Оболенск, г. о. Серпухов, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria V. Firstova, PhD, MD (Bilogy), Chief Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Biology</p><p>Obolensk, u. d. Serpukhov, Moscow Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">firstova@obolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>673</fpage><lpage>678</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карцева А.С., Силкина М.В., Титарева Г.М., Комбарова Т.И., Миронова Р.И., Фирстова В.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карцева А.С., Силкина М.В., Титарева Г.М., Комбарова Т.И., Миронова Р.И., Фирстова В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kartseva A.S., Silkina M.V., Titareva G.M., Kombarova T.I., Mironova R.I., Firstova V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2746">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2746</self-uri><abstract><p>Вакцинный штамм F. tularensis 15 НИИЭГ индуцирует длительный клеточный иммунитет, однако проявляет определенную реактогенность и генетическую нестабильность. Прогресс в разработке новых противотуляремийных вакцин с улучшенными характеристиками затруднен из-за недостатка знаний о механизмах формирования и поддержания протективного иммунитета. Мыши линии BALB/c являются наиболее подходящей моделью при экспериментальной туляремии из-за относительно низкой стоимости, хорошо охарактеризованной генетики, доступных иммунологических инструментов и наиболее близко имитируют инфекционный процесс при заражении вирулентными штаммами F. tularensis.</p><p>Известно, что CD4+ и CD8+Т-клетки необходимы для формирования защитного иммунитета, однако роль определенных субпопуляций Т-клеток памяти в длительной защите от вирулентных штаммов F. tularensis не установлена. Мы предположили, что защитный иммунитет зависит от центральных (TCM) и эффекторных Т-клеток памяти (TEM) и их функциональной активности. В данной работе был изучен Т-клеточный иммунный ответ у мышей BALB/c через 30, 60 и 90 дней после подкожной вакцинации F. tularensis 15 НИИЭГ.</p><p>Анализ иммунного ответа спленоцитов проводили методом многопараметрической проточной цитометрии, стимулируя клетки in vitro антигеном F. tularensis. TEM клетки идентифицировали как CD3+CD4+CD44+CD62Lи CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L-, TCM клетки как CD3+CD4+CD44+CD62L+ и CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L+, соответственно. Функциональную активность Т-клеток памяти оценивали по следующим параметрам: уровню экспрессии маркера активации CD69 и цитокин-продуцирующей активности путем окрашивания внутриклеточных цитокинов IFNg и TNF α.</p><p>Таким образом, для разработки новой вакцины требуется выявление иммунологических критериев оценки протективного иммунитета, которые присутствуют не только в раннюю фазу после вакцинации, но после окончания эффекторной фазы иммунного ответа. Показано, что для поддержания длительного протективного иммунитета, инициированного вакцинацией F. tularensis 15 НИИЭГ, требуется наличие антиген-специфических CD4+ и CD8+Т-клеток памяти, продуцирующих IFNg и TNFa и экспрессирующих маркер активации CD69. В отдаленные сроки после вакцинации было выявлено снижение количества и угасание функциональной активности субпопуляций CD8+TEM и CD8+TCM. Выявленные параметры функциональной активности Т-клеток памяти могут служить критериями оценки протективного иммунитета в отношении вирулентных штаммов F. tularensis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The vaccine strain F. tularensis 15 NIIEG induces long-lived cell-mediated immunity but exhibits a certain reactogenicity and genetic instability. Progress in development of a vaccine against tularemia has been limited by a lack of information regarding the mechanisms required to protect against this disease. The BALB/c mouse is the most commonly used animal to study tularemia due to its relatively low cost, well-characterized genetics, available immunological tools and mouse infection with virulent F. tularensis recapitulates human disease.</p><p>CD4+ and CD8+T cells are known to be critical for the formation of protective immunity but the relative roles of memory T cell subpopulations in long lived protection against virulent strains of F. tularensis are not well established. We hypothesized that this immunity depends on central (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) T cells and their functional activity. In this study we have dissected the T cell immune response in BALB/c mice 30, 60 and 90 days after subcutaneous vaccination with 15 NIIEG.</p><p>Multiparametric flow cytometry were used to characterize in vitro recall responses of splenocytes to F. tularensis antigen. TEM cells were identified as CD3+CD4+CD44+CD62L- and CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L-, TCM cells as CD3+CD4+CD44+CD62L+ and CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L+, respectively. The functional activity of memory T cells was assessed by the following parameters: the level of expression of the activation marker CD69 and cytokine-producing activity by staining with the intracellular cytokines IFNg and TNFa.</p><p>Thus, development of a long-lived vaccine directed against F. tularensis is dependent on identifying not only the correlates of immunity present early after vaccination, but also those that persist in the host after the effector phase has ended. The maintenance of long-term protective immunity initiated by vaccination with F. tularensis strain 15 NIIEG has been shown to require the presence of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells producing IFNg and TNFa and expressing the activation marker CD69. A decrease in count and functional activity of CD8+TCM and CD8+TEM was detected in the long term after vaccination. The detected parameters of functional activity of memory T cells can be used as criteria for evaluation of protective immunity against virulent strains of F. tularensis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Fransicella tularensis</kwd><kwd>вакцинный штамм</kwd><kwd>Т-клетки памяти</kwd><kwd>CD69</kwd><kwd>IFN-γ</kwd><kwd>TNFα</kwd><kwd>клеточный иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Fransicella tularensis</kwd><kwd>vaccine strain</kwd><kwd>memory T-cells</kwd><kwd>CD69</kwd><kwd>IFN-γ</kwd><kwd>TNF-α</kwd><kwd>cellular immunity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Отраслевой программы Роспотребнадзора</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Sectoral Scientific Program of the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esser M.T., Marchese R.D., Kierstead L.S., Tussey L.G., Wang F., Chirmule N., Washabaugh M.W. 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