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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-SVP-2735</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2735</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цитокины слюны против плазмы как возможные предикторы тяжести аутизма у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Saliva versus plasma cytokines as possible predictors of autism severity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-6440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филиппова Юлия Юрьевна — доктор биологических наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и общей биологии биологического факультета.</p><p>454001, Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129</p><p>Тел.: 8 (351) 799-71-76. Факс: 8 (351) 742-09-25</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya Yu. Filippova - PhD, MD (Biology), Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and General Biology, Biological Faculty.</p><p>129 Bratiev Kashirinykh St Chelyabinsk 454001</p><p>Phone: +7 (351) 799-71-76. Fax: +7 (351) 742-09-25</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">julse@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2524-8569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Анна Сергеевна — аспирант кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и общей биологии биологического факультета.</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Alekseeva - Postgraduate Student, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and General Biology, Faculty of Biology, Chelyabinsk State University.</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">96_anya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0932-3637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Девятова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Devyatova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Девятова Екатерина Викторовна — аспирант кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и общей биологии биологического факультета.</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Devyatova - Postgraduate Student, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and General Biology, Faculty of Biology, Chelyabinsk State University.</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katyadevyatova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7295-1705</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Русакова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rusakova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Русакова Ксения Андреевна — аспирант кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и общей биологии биологического факультета.</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia A. Rusakova - Postgraduate Student, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and General Biology, Faculty of Biology, Chelyabinsk State University.</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kseniya.antipina.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6462-9500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурмистрова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burmistrova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурмистрова Александра Леонидовна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой микробиологии, иммунологии и общей биологии биологического факультета.</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra L. Burmistrova - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and General Biology, Faculty of Biology, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation Chelyabinsk State University.</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">burmal@csu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Челябинский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chelyabinsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1213</fpage><lpage>1218</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Филиппова Ю.Ю., Алексеева А.С., Девятова Е.В., Русакова К.А., Бурмистрова А.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Филиппова Ю.Ю., Алексеева А.С., Девятова Е.В., Русакова К.А., Бурмистрова А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Filippova Y.Y., Alekseeva A.S., Devyatova E.V., Rusakova K.A., Burmistrova A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2735">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2735</self-uri><abstract><p>Расстройства аутистического спектра (РАС) являются широко распространенными, гетерогенными нарушениями нейроразвития с множественной этиологией, подтипами и траекториями развития, для которых отсутствуют доступные и эффективные биомаркеры. Важным фактором риска, способствующим дефициту развития нервной системы, наблюдаемому при РАС, является иммунная дисфункция, которая проявляется в том числе дисбалансом цитокинов в мозге и на периферии. В последние годы в качестве биологического материала для диагностики РАС предложена слюна, что обусловлено доступностью и неинвазивностью метода ее получения. Вместе с тем, вопрос о том, могут ли уровни цитокинов в слюне быть использованы в качестве эффективных ранних биомаркеров аутизма требует дополнительных исследований, в том числе сравнений: слюна против плазмы/сыворотки крови.</p><p>Цель — провести сравнительный анализ уровней цитокинов: IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, в слюне и плазме крови для выделения возможных маркеров РАС и их тяжести у детей.</p><p>В исследование было включено 11 детей с типичным нейроразвитием (ТРД) и 55 детей с диагнозом РАС, среди которых 37 человек имели легкую или умеренную степень тяжести аутизма (по CARS), а 18 детей — тяжелую. У всех детей одномоментно были собраны образцы не стимулированной смешанной слюны и венозной крови. Концентрации цитокинов: IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, слюне определяли multiplex Luminex™ analysis. Плазменные уровни тех же цитокинов оценивали с помощью ELISA. Различия между группами проверяли с помощью U-критерия Краскела—Уоллиса, с апостериорными попарными сравнениями по Коноверу-Инману, между образцами (плазма/слюна) — парного критерия Уилкоксона. Наличие зависимости между концентрациями цитокинов в плазме и слюне определяли с помощью линейной регрессии методом RMA.</p><p>Во всех обследуемых группах уровни IL-6, IFNγ и IL-10 в слюне были ниже, а TNFα, IL-1β и IL-4 — выше, чем соответствующие уровни тех же цитокинов в плазме. Не зависимо от состояния здоровье/ болезнь, значимых корреляций между уровнями цитокинов в слюне и плазме у детей не обнаружено. Значимых различий в концентрациях цитокинов слюны между детьми с легкой и тяжелой степенью РАС не обнаружено, однако уровни IL-1β были значимо ниже, а IL-10 — выше, в слюне обеих групп детей с РАС, по сравнению с ТРД.</p><p>Таким образом, цитокины слюны могут быть использованы в качестве маркеров РАС у детей, но не тяжести состояния. Отсутствие корреляций в уровнях некоторых про-/противовоспалительных цитокинов между слюной и плазмой крови, вероятно, может свидетельствовать об особом иммунологическом статусе экологической ниши — ротовая полость.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are now widely accepted as a pervasive, complex, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders with multiple etiologies, subtypes, and developmental trajectories. There are no available and effective biomarkers for them. Immune dysfunction is seen as an important risk factor contributing to the neurodevelopmental deficit in ASD, and is signified, among other things, by an imbalance of cytokines in the brain and on the periphery. In recent years, saliva has been proposed as a biological material for diagnosing ASD, due to the accessibility and non-invasiveness of the method for its production. However, the question of whether salivary cytokine levels may be used as effective early biomarkers for autism requires further research, including saliva versus plasma/serum comparisons.</p><p>Aim: a comparative analysis of the levels of cytokines: IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, in saliva and blood plasma to identify possible markers of ASD and their severity in children.</p><p>The study included 11 children with typical neurodevelopment (TDC) and 55 children with ASD, among whom 37 children had mild or moderate autism (according to CARS), and 18 children had severe autism. Samples of unstimulated mixed saliva and venous blood were simultaneously collected from all children. Salivary concentrations of cytokines: IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 were determined by multiplex Luminex™ analysis. Plasma levels of cytokines were assessed by ELISA. Differences between groups were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis U-test with post-hoc Conover-Inman comparisons, between samples (saliva/ plasma) are using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The correlation between the concentrations of cytokines in plasma and saliva was determined using linear regression by the RMA method.</p><p>In all examined groups, the levels of IL-6, IFNγ and IL-10 in saliva were significantly lower, and TNFα, IL-1β and IL-4 were higher than the corresponding levels of the same cytokines in plasma. Regardless of health/ disease status, no significant correlations were found between salivary and plasma cytokine levels in children. IL-1β levels were significantly lower and IL-10 levels were higher in the saliva of both groups of children with ASD compared with TDC. No significant differences in salivary cytokine concentrations were found between children with mild and severe ASD.</p><p>Thus, salivary cytokines can be used as markers of ASD in children, but not the severity of the condition. The absence of correlations in the levels of some pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines between saliva and blood plasma may probably indicate a special immunological status of an ecological niche, the oral cavity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>слюна</kwd><kwd>плазма</kwd><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>saliva</kwd><kwd>blood plasma</kwd><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashwood P. Preliminary findings of elevated inflammatory plasma cytokines in children with autism who have co-morbid gastrointestinal symptoms. Biomedicines, 2023, Vol. 11, no. 2, 436. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11020436.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashwood P. 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