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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-EOS-2731</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2731</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние растворимых факторов макрофагов, поляризованных эффероцитозом, на нейрональную плотность во фронтальной коре и гиппокампе мышей в модели стресс-индуцированной депрессии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of soluble factors of macrophages polarized by efferocytosis on neuronal density in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of mice in a model of stress-induced depression</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ращупкин</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rashchupkin</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ращупкин Иван Михайлович  – лаборант-исследователь лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии</p><p>630099, г. Новосибирск, ул. Ядринцевская, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan M. Rashchupkin, Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy</p><p>14 Yadrintsevskaya St Novosibirsk 630099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iwwwanbets@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амстиславская</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amstislavskaya</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амстиславская Тамара Геннадьевна – доктор биологических наук, доцент, заведующая лабораторией трансляционной биопсихиатрии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara G. Amstislavskaya, PhD, MD (Biology), Associate Professor, Head, Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amstislavskayatg@neuronm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркова Евгения Валерьевна – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующая лабораторией нейроиммунологии</p><p> Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniia V. Markova, PhD, MD (Medicine), Head of Laboratory of Neuroimmunology</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeniya_markova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostanin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Останин Александр Анатольевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Ostanin, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Research Associate, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostanin62@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевела</surname><given-names>Е. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevela</surname><given-names>E. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевела Екатерина Яковлевна – доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Ya. Shevela, PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shevelak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт нейронаук и медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>521</fpage><lpage>526</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ращупкин И.М., Амстиславская Т.Г., Маркова Е.В., Останин А.А., Шевела Е.Я., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ращупкин И.М., Амстиславская Т.Г., Маркова Е.В., Останин А.А., Шевела Е.Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rashchupkin I.M., Amstislavskaya T.G., Markova E.V., Ostanin A.A., Shevela E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2731">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2731</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние десятилетия наблюдается неуклонный рост депрессивных расстройств, занимающих важное место в структуре причин нетрудоспособности. В основе патогенеза депрессии лежит нейровоспаление, ассоциированное с нарушением взрослого нейрогенеза. Важно отметить, что нейровоспаление, является частично обратимым, при этом ведущая роль в запуске и регуляции нейровосстановительных процессов отводится макрофагам/микроглии, характерными свойствами которых является гетерогенность и пластичность. При этом оппозитными состояниями активации макрофагов являются классически активированные М1 и альтернативно активированные М2-макрофаги, характеризующиеся, соответственно, прои противовоспалительной активностью. Смещение баланса в сторону макрофагов с М2-фенотипом рассматривается в последние годы в качестве новой терапевтической стратегии в коррекции психо-неврологических расстройств. Одним из индукторов М2-фенотипа макрофагов является эффероцитоз. Ранее нами был разработан оригинальный протокол генерации макрофагов человека в условиях дефицита ростовых / сывороточных факторов, в котором ключевым моментом формирования М2-фенотипа является эффероцитоз. Получаемые таким образом макрофаги (М2(LS), LS – Low Serum) экспрессируют М2-ассоциированные маркеры и характеризуются активной продукцией ростовых и проангиогенных факторов (IGF-1, VEGF, BDNF, EGF, FGF-basic и др.), способных подавлять воспаление и стимулировать нейрорегенерацию/ нейропластичность. В модели стресс-индуцированной депрессии был показан антидепрессантный эффект растворимых факторов указанных М2-макрофагов, проявляющийся в снижении депрессивно-подобного поведения и снижении уровня провоспалительных цитокинов в отдельных структурах головного мозга. Однако влияние факторов М2(LS) на нейрогенез оставалось неизученным. В настоящей работе, которая является продолжением вышеупомянутого исследования, проанализировали влияние интраназального введения факторов М2(LS) макрофагов на нейрональную плотность в различных областях мозга – фронтальной коре и гиппокампе мышей в модели стресс-индуцированной депрессии. Полученные результаты показали, что нейрональная плотность во фронтальной коре, а также СА1 и СА3 зонах гиппокампа после терапии растворимыми факторами М2(LS) была значимо выше, чем у депрессивноподобных животных и сопоставима с таковой у интактных животных. Полученный результат может свидетельствовать о нейрорегенеративной активности М2(LS) макрофагов в модели стресс-индуцированной депрессии, который опосредуется через растворимые факторы и проявляется в повышении плотности нейронов во фронтальной коре и гиппокампе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Recently, there has been a steady increase in depressive disorders, which occupy an important place in the structure of the causes of disability. In the pathogenesis of depression, an important role is played by neuroinflammation, which is associated with impaired adult neurogenesis. Notably, neuroinflammation is partially reversible, and the leading role in the initiation and regulation of neuroregeneration is given to macrophages. Opposite states of macrophage activation are classically activated M1 and alternatively activated M2 macrophages, characterized, respectively, by pro- and anti-inflammatory activity. A balance shift towards M2 macrophages has been considered as a new therapeutic strategy of psycho-neurological disorders. One of the inducers of the M2 phenotype is the efferocytosis. We have previously developed an original protocol for the generation of human macrophages under conditions of deficiency of growth / serum factors, in which M2 phenotype is formed through efferocytosis. Macrophages (M2(LS), LS – Low Serum) obtained according to this protocol express M2-associated markers, and are characterized by high production of growth and pro- angiogenic factors (IGF-1, VEGF, BDNF, EGF, FGF-basic, etc.), which can suppress inflammation and stimulate neuroregeneration / neuroplasticity. In the model of stress-induced depression, the antidepressant effect of soluble factors of M2(LS) macrophages was shown, accompanied by a decrease in the level of pro- inflammatory cytokines in certain brain structures. However, the effect of M2(LS) factors on neurogenesis remained unexplored. In the present work, which is a continuation of the aforementioned study, we analyzed the effect of intranasal administration of M2(LS) soluble factors on neuronal density in different brain areas – the frontal cortex and hippocampus – of depression-like mice. The results obtained showed that neuronal density in the frontal cortex, CA1 and CA3 zones of the hippocampus, was significantly higher in mice with intranasal administration of M2(LS) conditioned medium than in depression-like mice, and reached the level of neuronal density in intact animals. These results may indicate the neuroregenerative activity of M2(LS) macrophages in the model of stress-induced depression, which is mediated through soluble factors and manifests itself in an increase in the density of neurons in the brain.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>М2-фенотип</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>нейрорегенерация</kwd><kwd>нейрогенез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>M2 phenotype</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>neuroregeneration</kwd><kwd>neurogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was funded by the federal budget for fundamental scientific research (project No. 122011800324-4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bianchi V.E., Locatelli V., Rizzi L. 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