<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-EAR-2716</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2716</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты экспериментального применения микровезикул мезенхимальных стволовых клеток на модели острой почечной недостаточности у мышей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental application results of mesenchymal stem cell microvesicles in the mouse model of acute renal failure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1435-2616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Ирина Петровна – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунопатологии</p><p>630099, г. Новосибирск, ул. Ядринцевская, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina P. Ivanova, PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunopathology</p><p>14 Yadrinzevskaya St Novosibirsk 630099</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinaiki@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8072-6255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селедцова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seledtsova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селедцова Галина Викторовна – доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунопатологии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Seledtsova, PhD, MD (Medicine), Chief Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunopathology </p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galina-seledtsova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4746-8853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селедцов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seledtsov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селедцов Виктор Иванович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor I. Seledtsov, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Research Associate, B. Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center for Surgery</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Seledtsov@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-2402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хабалова</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khabalova</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хабалова Татьяна Семеновна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунопатологии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana S. Khabalova, Reseach Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunopathology</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khabalovat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7109-4687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доржиева</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorzhieva</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доржиева Аяна Баяровна – аспирант</p><p>Новосибирск</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ayana B. Dorzhieva, Postgraduate Student</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dorzhieva-ayana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>B. Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center for Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>665</fpage><lpage>672</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванова И.П., Селедцова Г.В., Селедцов В.И., Хабалова Т.С., Доржиева А.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванова И.П., Селедцова Г.В., Селедцов В.И., Хабалова Т.С., Доржиева А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanova I.P., Seledtsova G.V., Seledtsov V.I., Khabalova T.S., Dorzhieva A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2716">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2716</self-uri><abstract><p>Важную роль в восстановлении поврежденных органов и тканей играют мезенхимальные стволовые клетки (МСК) и продуцируемые ими микровезикулярные частицы (МВ). Они могут быть источником цитокинов, антиапоптозных и стимуляторных ростовых факторов. Кроме того, МВ осуществляют транспорт мРНК, микроРНК и сигнальных белков в поврежденные ткани. Это повышает способность клеток к регенерации, ингибирует апоптоз, способствует ангиогенезу и стимулирует пролиферацию клеток. Целью исследования было изучение иммунорегулирующих и прорегенераторных свойств микровезикул мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (МСК-МВ) на модели глицеролиндуцированной острой почечной недостаточности (ОПН) у мышей. Эксперименты проводились на мышах линии СВА возрастом 3-4 месяца. ОПН индуцировали однократным внутримышечным введением 50% глицерола. МСК получали из костного мозга здоровых животных, культивировали в стандартных условиях. Микровезикулы получали путем центрифугирования при 12000 g супернатанта МСК после индукции их апоптоза путем культивирования в условиях депривации кислорода и в бессывороточной среде. МСК-МВ вводили внутривенно в ретроорбитальный синус через сутки после индукции ОПН. Дозу МВ рассчитывали как эквивалентную (полученную из) 1 млн МСК, что составляло 100 мкл на мышь. Животных выводили из эксперимента на 4-е и 11-е сутки после инъекции МСК-МВ. Забирали плазму крови для определения уровня креатининна, мочу – для анализа альбумина, почки – для гистологического иссследования. Показано, что МВ, подуцируемые МСК, дозозависимо стимулировали пролиферацию спленоцитов как в спонтанном, так и Кон-А индуцированном тесте. Добавление МВ вызывало снижение доксорубицин-индуцированного апоптоза селезеночных лимфоцитов у мышей. Вероятно, в этом случае, продуцируемые МСК-МВ оказывали иммуностимулирующее и антиапоптотическое действие. Также МВ оказывали положительный эффект на восстановление структуры и функции почек в модели острой почечной недостаточности у мышей. Использование МСК-МВ в лечении ОПН, индуцированной однократным введением 50% глицерола способствовало снижению уровня альбумина в моче и восстановлению уровня креатинина в сыворотке крови животных. Морфологические исследования показали уменьшение высоты клеток и диаметра собирательных трубочек в мозговом веществе и уменьшение наибольшего поперечного диаметра суперфициальных клубочков в корковом веществе почек больных мышей. Таким образом, полученные результаты свидетельствуют о значительных терапевтических и прорегенеративных свойствах МСК-МВ, которые требуют дальнейшего изучения.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An important role in restoration of damaged organs and tissues is played by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and microvesicular particles (MV) produced by them. They can be a source of cytokines, anti- apoptotic and growth stimulating factors. In addition, MVs carry out transport of mRNA, miRNA, and signal proteins into damaged tissues. This increases the ability of cells to regenerate and to inhibit apoptosis, promote to angiogenesis and stimulate cell proliferation. The aim of our research was to study the immunoregulatory and pro-regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cell microvesicles (MSC-MV) in a model of glycerol- induced acute renal failure (ARF) in mice. The experiments were carried out on CBA mice aged 3-4 months. AKI was induced by a single intramuscular injection of 50% glycerol. MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of healthy animals and cultivated under standard conditions. Microvesicles were obtained by centrifugation at 12000g of MSC supernatant after induction of their apoptosis by culturing under oxygen deprivation conditions and in serum-free medium. MSC-MV was injected intravenously into the retroorbital sinus one day after induction of ARF. The MV dose was calculated as equivalent to (derived from) 1 million MSCs, which was 100 mL per mouse. Animals were taken out of the experiment on days 4 and 11 after MSC-MV injection. Blood plasma was taken to determine the level of creatinine, urine – for albumin analysis, kidneys – for histological examination. It has been shown that MVs induced by MSCs dose-dependently stimulated splenocyte proliferation in both spontaneous and Con-A induced tests. The addition of MV caused a decrease in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of splenic lymphocytes in mice. Probably, in this case, MV produced by MSCs had an immunostimulatory and antiapoptotic effect. Also, MVs had a positive impact on the restoration of structure and function kidneys in a model of ARF in mice. The use of MSC-MV in treatment of acute renal failure induced by a single injection of 50% glycerol contributed to decrease albumin level urine and restoration of creatinine level in blood serum of animals. Morphological studies have shown decrease in the height cell and collecting duct diameter in the medulla and a decrease in the largest transverse diameter of superficial glomeruli in the renal cortex of sick mice. Thus, the obtained results indicate significant therapeutic and pro-regenerative properties of MSC-MV, which require further study.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>микровезикулы</kwd><kwd>терапевтическое применение микровезикул</kwd><kwd>регенерация</kwd><kwd>острая почечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>болезни почек</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mesenchymal stem cells</kwd><kwd>microvesicles</kwd><kwd>therapeutic use of microvesicles</kwd><kwd>regeneration</kwd><kwd>acute renal failure</kwd><kwd>kidney disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alikhan M.A., Huynh M., Kitching A.R., Ooi J.D. Regulatory Tcells in renal diseases. Clin. Transl. Immunol., 2018, Vol. 7, no. 1, 1004. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alikhan M.A., Huynh M., Kitching A.R., Ooi J.D. Regulatory Tcells in renal diseases. Clin. Transl. Immunol., 2018, Vol. 7, no. 1, 1004. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruno S., Grange C., Deregibus M.C., Calogero R.A., Savozzi F.C., Morando L., Busca A., Falda M., Bussolati B., Tetta C., Camussi G. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles protect against acute tubular injury. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2009, Vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1053-1067.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruno S., Grange C., Deregibus M.C., Calogero R.A., Savozzi F.C., Morando L., Busca A., Falda M., Bussolati B., Tetta C., Camussi G. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles protect against acute tubular injury. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2009, Vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1053-1067.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Camussi G., Deregibus M.C., Bruno S., Cantaluppi V., Biancone L. Exosomes/microvesicles as a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. Kidney Int., 2010, Vol. 78, no. 9, pp. 838-848.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Camussi G., Deregibus M.C., Bruno S., Cantaluppi V., Biancone L. Exosomes/microvesicles as a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. Kidney Int., 2010, Vol. 78, no. 9, pp. 838-848.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cantaluppi V., Biancone L., Quercia A., Deregibus M.C., Segoloni G., Camussi G. Rationale of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in kidney injury. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 2013, Vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 300-309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cantaluppi V., Biancone L., Quercia A., Deregibus M.C., Segoloni G., Camussi G. Rationale of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in kidney injury. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 2013, Vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 300-309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deregibus M.C., Cantaluppi V., Calogero R., Lo Iacono M., Tetta C., Biancone L., Bruno S., Bussolati B., Camussi, G. Endothelial progenitor cell derived microvesicles activate an angiogenic program in endothelial cells by a horizontal transfer of mRNA. Blood, 2007, Vol. 110, no. 7, pp. 2440-2448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deregibus M.C., Cantaluppi V., Calogero R., Lo Iacono M., Tetta C., Biancone L., Bruno S., Bussolati B., Camussi, G. Endothelial progenitor cell derived microvesicles activate an angiogenic program in endothelial cells by a horizontal transfer of mRNA. Blood, 2007, Vol. 110, no. 7, pp. 2440-2448.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gatti S., Bruno S., Deregibus M.C., Sordi A., Cantaluppi V., Tetta C., Camussi G. Microvesicles derived from human adult mesenchymal stem cells protect against ischaemia-reperfusion-induced acute and chronic kidney injury. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2011, Vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1474-1483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gatti S., Bruno S., Deregibus M.C., Sordi A., Cantaluppi V., Tetta C., Camussi G. Microvesicles derived from human adult mesenchymal stem cells protect against ischaemia-reperfusion-induced acute and chronic kidney injury. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2011, Vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1474-1483.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goes N., Urmson J., Ramassar V., Halloran P.F. Ischemic acute tubular necrosis induces an extensive local cytokine response: evidence for induction of interferon-gamma, transforming growth factor-1, granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-2, and interleukin-10. Transplantation, 1995, Vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 565-572.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goes N., Urmson J., Ramassar V., Halloran P.F. Ischemic acute tubular necrosis induces an extensive local cytokine response: evidence for induction of interferon-gamma, transforming growth factor-1, granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-2, and interleukin-10. Transplantation, 1995, Vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 565-572.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humphreys B.D., Valerius M.T., Kobayashi A., Mugford J.W., Soeung S., Duffield J.S., McMahon A.P., Bonventre J.V. Intrinsic epithelial cells repair the kidney after injury. Cell Stem Cell, 2008, Vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 284-291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humphreys B.D., Valerius M.T., Kobayashi A., Mugford J.W., Soeung S., Duffield J.S., McMahon A.P., Bonventre J.V. Intrinsic epithelial cells repair the kidney after injury. Cell Stem Cell, 2008, Vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 284-291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nauta A.J., Fibbe W.E. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal sells. Blood, 2007, Vol. 110, no. 10, pp. 3499-3506.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nauta A.J., Fibbe W.E. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal sells. Blood, 2007, Vol. 110, no. 10, pp. 3499-3506.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quesenberry P.J., Dooner M.S., Aliotta J.M. Stem cell plasticity revisited: the continuum marrow model and phenotypic changes mediated by microvesicles. Exp. Hematol., 2010, Vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 581-592.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quesenberry P.J., Dooner M.S., Aliotta J.M. Stem cell plasticity revisited: the continuum marrow model and phenotypic changes mediated by microvesicles. Exp. Hematol., 2010, Vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 581-592.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rabb H. Immune modulation of acute kidney injury. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2006, Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 604-606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabb H. Immune modulation of acute kidney injury. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2006, Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 604-606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stahl A., Johanson K., Mossberg M., Kahn R., Karpman D. Exosomes and microvesicules in normal physiology, pathophysiology and renal deseases. Pediatr. Nephrol., 2019, Vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 11-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stahl A., Johanson K., Mossberg M., Kahn R., Karpman D. Exosomes and microvesicules in normal physiology, pathophysiology and renal deseases. Pediatr. Nephrol., 2019, Vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 11-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S.Y., Hong Q., Zhang C.Y., Yang Y.J., Cai G.Y., Chen X.M. miRNAs in stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for acute kidney injury treatment: comprehensive review of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res. Ther., 2019, Vol.10, no. 1, 281. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1371-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S.Y., Hong Q., Zhang C.Y., Yang Y.J., Cai G.Y., Chen X.M. miRNAs in stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for acute kidney injury treatment: comprehensive review of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res. Ther., 2019, Vol.10, no. 1, 281. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1371-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y., Wang Y., Cao Q., Zheng G., Lee V.W.S., Zheng D., Li X., Tan T.K., Harris D.C.H. By homing to the kidney, activated macrophages potently exacerbate renal injury. Am. J. Pathol., 2008, Vol. 172, no. 6, pp. 1491-1499.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y., Wang Y., Cao Q., Zheng G., Lee V.W.S., Zheng D., Li X., Tan T.K., Harris D.C.H. By homing to the kidney, activated macrophages potently exacerbate renal injury. Am. J. Pathol., 2008, Vol. 172, no. 6, pp. 1491-1499.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou Y., Xu H., Xu W., Wang B., Wu H., Tao Y., Zhang B., Wang M., Mao F., Yan Y., Gao S., Gu H., Zhu W., Qian H. Exosomes released by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells protect against cisplatin-induced renal oxidative stress and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Stem Cell Res. Ther., 2013, Vol. 4, no. 2, 34. doi: 10.1186/scrt194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou Y., Xu H., Xu W., Wang B., Wu H., Tao Y., Zhang B., Wang M., Mao F., Yan Y., Gao S., Gu H., Zhu W., Qian H. Exosomes released by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells protect against cisplatin-induced renal oxidative stress and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Stem Cell Res. Ther., 2013, Vol. 4, no. 2, 34. doi: 10.1186/scrt194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
