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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-CCO-2690</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2690</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная характеристика клеточного иммунного ответа на SARS-CoV-2 при инфекции и вакцинации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative characteristics of the cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 during infection and post-vaccination</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-6063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyueva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клюева Светлана Николаевна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии.</p><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p><p>Тел.: 8 (987) 830-50-75</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Klyueva - PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Department of Immunology, Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”.</p><p>46 Universitetskaya St Saratov 410005</p><p>Phone: +7 (987) 830-50-75</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klyueva.cvetlana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-4845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бугоркова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bugorkova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, и. о. заведующего отделом иммунологии.</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Department of Immunology, Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”.</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9016-6578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравцов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravtsov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии.</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Department of Immunology, Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”.</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3306-7183</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каштанова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashtanova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии.</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Department of Immunology, Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”.</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-7027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожевников</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhevnikov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии.</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Department of Immunology, Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”.</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУН «Российский противочумный институт “Микроб” Роспотребнадзора»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>345</fpage><lpage>354</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клюева С.Н., Бугоркова С.А., Кравцов А.Л., Каштанова Т.Н., Кожевников В.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клюева С.Н., Бугоркова С.А., Кравцов А.Л., Каштанова Т.Н., Кожевников В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klyueva S.N., Bugorkova S.A., Kravtsov A.L., Kashtanova T.N., Kozhevnikov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2690">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2690</self-uri><abstract><p> </p><p>Важной областью исследований является мониторинг параметров иммунного ответа на инфекцию SARS-CoV-2 и их анализ в сравнении с характеристиками вакцинно-опосредованной иммунной защиты с целью определения детерминант клеточного ответа. Цель работы – сравнить по ряду характеристик состояние клеточного иммунного ответа у пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, и у лиц, привитых препаратом пептидной вакцины. В исследовании приняли участие добровольцы, перенесшие COVID-19 различной степени тяжести (30 человек), а также лица, прошедшие полный курс вакцинации препаратом пептидной вакцины (27 человек). Для сравнения использовали кровь добровольцев, взятую перед вакцинацией. Иммунофенотипирование лейкоцитов проводили с помощью процедуры Lyse/No-Wash (BD Bioscience, США) и реагентов моноклональных антител Cyto-Stat (CD45-FITC, CD4-PE, CD8-ECD, CD3-PC5), CD45RA-PC7, CD45RO-РЕ (Beckman Coulter, США) и анализировали на проточном цитометре DakoCytomation (Дания). Определение внутриклеточного IFNγ (CD4+IFNγ+) проводили согласно стандартной методике. Продукцию цитокинов определяли с помощью наборов для выявления IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 (АО «Вектор-Бест», Россия) на автоматическом иммуноферментном анализаторе LAZURIT (Dynex Technologies, США). По результатам исследования показано, что после вакцинации и перенесенной инфекции COVID-19 формируется клеточный иммунитет. Однако наиболее выраженный иммунный ответ регистрировали у переболевших COVID-19, при котором в более 60% случаев наблюдали увеличение количества CD4+Т-хелперов памяти (8,7 (0,5-12,1) % против 0,3 (0,1-0,5) % в группе сравнения, p &lt; 0,05) и доли CD4+IFNγ+Т-лимфоцитов (4,2 (1,8-4,3) % против 0,4 (0-0,8) % в группе сравнения, p &lt; 0,05), а также повышался функциональный резерв клеток по продукции цитокинов TNFα, IL-8, IL-10. У привитых пептидной вакциной добровольцев через месяц после вакцинации в общем пуле Т-лимфоцитов памяти преобладали, по-видимому, CD8+Т-клетки памяти (CD45+CD8+CD45RA-СD45RО+). Общим для переболевших и вакцинированных лиц являлось значимое повышение (в среднем в 8,2 раза) CD4+IFNγ+ активированных клеток, а также значений КонА-индуцированной продукции IL-4 (3,3 (1,1-4,5) пг/мл и 2,8 (1,7-3,9) пг/мл соответственно против 1,3 (0,1-2,4) пг/мл в группе сравнения, p &lt; 0,05). Полученные данные дополняют имеющиеся в литературе сведения относительно формирования реакций клеточного иммунного ответа на SARS-CoV-2, формирующегося в результате перенесенного заболевания или проведения мероприятий по специфической профилактике COVID-19. Дальнейший поиск клеточных коррелятов защиты от новой коронавирусной инфекции позволит пересмотреть текущую стратегию вакцинации и выработать оптимальный подход к профилактике COVID-19.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An important area of research concerns monitoring of immune response features in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as their analysis, as compared with characteristics of vaccine-mediated protection, in order to specify the determinants of cellular immune response. The aim of our work was to compare the state of cellular immune response in patients who underwent COVID-19, and in persons vaccinated with a peptide vaccine preparation. The study involved volunteers who suffered with COVID-19 of varying severity (n = 30), as well as persons who completed the full course of vaccination with the peptide vaccine (n = 27). For comparison, we took blood specimens from the volunteers before vaccination. Immunophenotyping of leukocytes was performed by the Lyse/No-Wash procedure (BD Bioscience, USA), and Cyto-Stat monoclonal antibodies (CD45-FITC, CD4-PE, CD8-ECD, CD3-PC5), CD45RA-PC7, CD45RO-PE (Beckman Coulter, USA), and analyzed with a DakoCytomation flow cytometer (Denmark). Determination of intracellular IFNγ (CD4+IFNγ+) was performed with the standard technique. Cytokine production was determined using reagent kits for detection of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 (Vector-Best JSC, Russia) with automatic enzyme immunoassay analyzer LAZURIT (Dynex Technologies, USA). As based on the results obtained, we have shown that cellular immunity was developed after vaccination and infection with COVID-19. However, the most pronounced immune response was recorded in the COVID-19 reconvalescents, i.e., more than 60% of these patients showed an increased number of CD4+T-memory helper cells (8.7 (0.5-12.1) % versus 0.3 (0.1-0.5) % in the comparison group, p &lt; 0.05) as well as proportion of CD4+IFNγ+T lymphocytes (4.2 (1.8-4.3) % versus 0.4 (0-0.8) % in the comparison group, p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, we revealed an increased functional reserve of cells in terms of TNFα, IL-8, IL-10 production. One month after vaccination of volunteers with the peptide-based preparation, the total pool of memory T lymphocytes was apparently dominated by CD8+T memory cells (CD45+CD8+CD45RA-CD45RO+). A significant increase was found in the average levels of CD4+IFNγ+ activated cells (8.2-fold), as well as in values of ConA-induced IL-4 production (3.3 (1.1-4.5) pg/mL, and 2.8 (1.7-3.9) pg/mL, respectively versus 1.3 (0.1-2.4) pg/mL in the control group, p &lt; 0.05). The data obtained are in accordance with information available in the literature concerning development of cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which results from a past illness, or measures for the specific prevention of COVID-19. Further search for cellular correlates of protection against a new coronavirus infection will allow us to revise the current vaccination strategy and develop an optimal approach to COVID-19 prevention.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>S белок SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>пептидная вакцина</kwd><kwd>Т-клетки памяти</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>S protein</kwd><kwd>peptide vaccine</kwd><kwd>memory T cells</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Временные методические рекомендации «Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19)”. 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