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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-MHS-2680</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2680</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Горячие точки мутаций во внеклеточных доменах MICA/MICB</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mutation hot spots in MICA/MICB extracellular domains</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5253-6016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столбовая</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolbovaya</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Столбовая Анастасия Юрьевна – научный сотрудник лаборатории гибридомной технологии ФГБУ «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А.М. Гранова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; лаборант, лаборатория молекулярной иммунологии ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта»</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate, Hybridoma Technology Laboratory, A. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies; Laboratory Assistant, Molecular Immunology Laboratory, D. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasia.stolbovaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-825X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнов Илья Валерьевич – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории гибридомной технологии ФГБУ «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А.М. Гранова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта»</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Smirnov, PhD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Hybridoma Technology Laboratory, A. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies; Junior Research Associate, Molecular Immunology Laboratory, D. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology</p><p>70 Leningradskaya St Pesochny, St. Petersburg 197758</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smirnov.iv.mail@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А.М. Гранова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ;&#13;
ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies;&#13;
D. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>483</fpage><lpage>488</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Столбовая А.Ю., Смирнов И.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Столбовая А.Ю., Смирнов И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stolbovaya A.Y., Smirnov I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2680">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2680</self-uri><abstract><p>MICA и MICB – это неклассические молекулы MHC, которые являются индикаторами клеточного стресса. Они выполняют функцию лигандов рецепторов NKG2D NK-клеток, вызывая цитотоксический ответ против поврежденных, инфицированных или трансформированных клеток. Образование растворимых форм MICA/MICB происходит путем расщепления их внеклеточных доменов. Экспрессия молекул MICA/MICB на опухолевых срезах или уровни их растворимых форм в крови могут быть использованы при диагностике онкологических заболеваний. Они могут предсказывать важные клинические параметры онкологических больных, такие как общая и безрецидивная выживаемость. Однако их обширный молекулярный полиморфизм затрудняет разработку моноклональных антител (МКАТ) для использования в диагностике. Ввиду этого диагностическая ценность анализов на основе МКАТ может меняться в зависимости от частоты аллельных вариантов в локальных человеческих популяциях. Мы изучили аминокислотные последовательности экстраклеточных доменов более 280 аллельных вариантов MICA и 50 аллельных вариантов MICB. Кроме того, мы выявили 172 и 58 однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов, расположенных в кодирующих областях соответствующих генов и приводящих к аминокислотным заменам. Наиболее частые аминокислотные замены (&gt; 10%) в экстраклеточных доменах происходят в 11 и 4 сайтах MICA и MICB, соответственно. Мы обнаружили, что частоты однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов в выявленных горячих точках выраженно коррелируют друг с другом в различных популяциях человека, несмотря на разнообразие частот аллельных вариантов. Известна функциональная роль только одного сайта. Замена валина на метионин в положении 152 повышает сродство MICA к связыванию с рецептором NKG2D. Поскольку «горячие точки» распределены по всей последовательности экстраклеточных доменов, они могут играть иную роль, нежели модуляция аффинитета взаимодействия с рецептором NKG2D. Мы рекомендуем, чтобы наборы антигенов для валидации МКАТ к MICA и MICB, отвечали двум критериям. Во-первых, они должны включать аллели как MICA, так и MICB, поскольку их аминокислотные последовательности схожи между собой. Во-вторых, аллели должны покрывать вариабельность, наблюдаемую в выявленных «горячих точках».</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>MICA and MICB are non-classical MHC molecules that indicate cellular stress. They act as ligands for NKG2D receptors found on NK cells, thereby triggering a cytotoxic response against damaged, infected, or transformed cells. The production of soluble forms of MICA/MICB occurs via the cleavage of their extracellular domains (ECDs). The expression of MICA/MICB molecules in tumor sections or the levels of their soluble forms in blood have potential as diagnostic tools for cancer. They can predict important clinical outcomes for cancer patients, such as overall and recurrence-free survival. However, their extensive molecular polymorphism complicates the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for diagnostic use. Therefore, the diagnostic value of mAb-based assays may vary depending on the frequencies of allelic variants in local human populations. We examined the ECD amino acid sequences of more than 280 MICA and 50 MICB allelic variants. Additionally, we identified 172 and 58 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the coding regions of the respective genes and resulting in amino acid replacements. The most frequent amino acid replacements (&gt; 10%) in the ECD occur at 11 and 4 sites of MICA and MICB, respectively. We found that the frequencies of SNPs in the identified hot spots strongly correlate with each other in different human populations, despite the diversity of allelic variant frequencies. The functional role of only one site is known. The replacement of valine with methionine at position 152 enhances the affinity of MICA to NKG2D receptor. As the hot spots are dispersed throughout the entire ECD sequences, they may play a role other than modulating affinity with the NKG2D receptor interaction. We recommend that Ag sets used to validate anti-MICA/MICB mAbs meet two criteria. First, they should include both MICA and MICB alleles, as these genes have highly similar sequences. Second, the alleles should cover the variability observed in the identified hot spots.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>MICA</kwd><kwd>MICB</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>MICA</kwd><kwd>MICB</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Грант РНФ 21-15-00021</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was funded by Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 21-15-00021).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baek I.C., Shin D.H., Choi E.J., Kim H.J., Yoon J.H., Cho B.S., Kim Y.J., Lee S., Min W.S., Kim H.J., Kim T.G. 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