mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-2009-2-3-115-130mimmun-267Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSγδТ-ЛИМФОЦИТЫ: ОБЩАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА, СУБПОПУЛЯЦИОННЫЙ СОСТАВ, БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ РОЛЬ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИγδТ-LYMPHOCYTES: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, SUBPOPULATION PROFILE, BIOLOGICAL ROLE, AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURESНижегородоваД. Б.NizhegorodovaD. B.

иммунологическая группа, Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория

nzh@tut.byЗафранскаяМ. М.ZafranskayaM. M.

иммунологическая группа, Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория

nzh@tut.byБелорусская медицинская академия последипломного образования, г. МинскРоссия200918072014112-3115130Copyright © Нижегородова Д.Б., Зафранская М.М., 20142014Нижегородова Д.Б., Зафранская М.М.Nizhegorodova D.B., Zafranskaya M.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/267

Резюме. γδТ-лимфоциты представляют собой малоизученную гетерогенную популяцию Т-лимфоцитов, доминирующую в слизистых оболочках и сочетающую в себе свойства как клеток врожденного, так и приобретенного иммунитета. Отсутствие процессинга и МНС-рестрикции обуславливает способность γδТ-клеток идентифицировать широкий спектр антигенов, природа которых, как и механизм распознавания, до конца не установлены. Многообразие биологических функций, основными из которых являются цитолиз, иммунорегуляция, презентация антигена и репарация поврежденных тканей, определяют уникальную роль данной популяции при инфекционных, опухолевых и аутоиммунных заболеваниях. В настоящий момент, основные уcилия исследователей направлены на изучение терапевтического потенциала γδТ-лимфоцитов, поиск и продукцию γδТ-клеточных агонистов, а также планирование и оптимизацию терапевтических протоколов, мишенью которых являются γδТ-лимфоциты.

Abstract. γδТ lymphocytes represent a poorly investigated heterogeneous population of T cells that are found, predominantly, in mucosal structures, and express common characteristics of innate and acquired immunity. Lack of both antigen processing and MHC-restriction determines an ability of γδТ cells to identify broad spectrum of antigens, the origin of which is yet unknown, and the recognition mechanism have been not established yet. A variety of biological functions, first of all, cytolysis, immune regulation, antigen presentation and repair of tissue damage, define a unique role of this population in infectious diseases, tumors, and autoimmune disorders. Nowadays, principal efforts of scientists are directed to investigation of γδТ cell therapeutic potential, search and production of γδТ cell agonists, as well as design and optimization of herapeutic protocols that may be targeted to γδТ lymphocytes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.