<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-DOT-2660</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2660</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика профиля врожденного иммунного ответа у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца в различные сроки после стентирования коронарных артерий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of the innate immune response profile in patients with coronary heart disease at different terms after coronary artery stenting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-7372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шлык</surname><given-names>И. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyk</surname><given-names>I. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шлык Ирина Федоровна – д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры клинической иммунологии и аллергологии.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p><p>Тел.: 8 (928) 179-39-87</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina F. Shlyk - PhD, MD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Rostov State Medical University.</p><p>29 Nakhichevan Lane Rostov-on-Don 344022</p><p>Phone: +7 (928) 179-39-87</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sushkinaif@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-1363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсегнеева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evsegneeva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры клинической иммунологии и аллергологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evsegneeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беседина</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Besedina</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ординатор кафедры терапии.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident, Department of Therapy, Rostov State Medical University.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">besedina-dasha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарчук</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarchuk</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студентка 6-го курса лечебно-профилактического факультета.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6th year Student, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Rostov State Medical University.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makar4uk2000@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>271</fpage><lpage>280</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шлык И.Ф., Евсегнеева И.В., Беседина Д.Ю., Макарчук И.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шлык И.Ф., Евсегнеева И.В., Беседина Д.Ю., Макарчук И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shlyk I.F., Evsegneeva I.V., Besedina D.Y., Makarchuk I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2660">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2660</self-uri><abstract><p>Атеросклероз сопровождается повреждением сосудистого эндотелия артерий, где развивается воспалительный ответ и формируется атеросклеротическая бляшка. И важным компонентом здесь выступает врожденный иммунитет, являющийся ключевым и самым ранним неспецифическим механизмом.</p><p>Цель исследования – комплексная оценка клеточного звена врожденного иммунитета и сопоставление полученных результатов в различные сроки после коронарного стентирования.</p><p>В исследовании приняли участие 50 пациентов с коронарным атеросклерозом (группа 1), которым показано выполнение стентирования коронарных артерий, и 20 добровольцев (группа 2), у которых нет признаков ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС). Исследование показателей иммунитета проводили до операции, через 4-5, 9-10 и 28-30 суток, что составило ранний послеоперационный период, а также через 6 и 12 месяцев после стентирования, т. е. в позднем послеоперационном периоде. Фенотипирование моноцитов и лимфоцитов периферической крови проводили методом проточной цитофлюориметрии с использованием моноклональных антител производства Beckman Coulter (США). Внутриклеточное содержание Гранзима В проводили на проточном лазерном цитофлюориметре FC500. Метаболическую активность нейтрофилов оценивали в НСТ-тесте. Альфа-дефензин (Hycult Biotech, США) определяли в плазме крови методом ИФА. Статистический анализ результатов исследования проводили с применением программы Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft, США). Статистическая значимость считалась достоверной при р ≤ 0,05.</p><p>У пациентов с коронарным атеросклерозом повышается количество натуральных киллеров и их активность, моноцитов. Отмечается угнетение процессов презентации антигенов, дисбаланс в микробицидной активности нейтрофилов с преобладанием секреции антимикробных пептидов. В раннем периоде значимые изменения коснулись лишь снижения содержания внутриклеточного гранзима В на 4-5-е сутки, экспрессии TLR4 и HLA-DR – на 4-5-е и 9-10-е сутки. В позднем послеоперационном периоде, у пациентов с ИБС наблюдается значимое снижение содержания лимфоцитов: CD3+CD16+, CD16+Gr+, моноцитов: CD14+CD282+, CD14+CD284+, CD14+CD289+, активности НСТ-теста и содержания α-дефензина, а количество моноцитов, экспрессирующих HLA-DR, увеличивается.</p><p>У пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца наблюдаются изменения в клеточном звене врожденного иммунитета, свидетельствующие о персистирующем воспалении. Динамика выявленных изменений в результате проведенного стентирования отражает лабильность оцениваемых показателей в большей степени в позднем послеоперационном периоде, что может служить основой прогнозирования исхода коронарного стентирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Atherosclerosis is accompanied by damage to the vascular endothelium of arteries followed by development of inflammatory response and formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Innate immunity is an important component of this response being the earliest non-specific key mechanism. Our objective was to perform a comprehensive assessment of the cellular link of innate immunity, and to compare the results obtained at various terms after coronary stenting.</p><p>The study involved 50 patients with coronary atherosclerosis (Group 1), who had clinical indications for stenting of coronary arteries, and 20 volunteers (Group 2), who have no signs of coronary artery disease. The study of immune parameters was carried out before surgery, at 4-5, 9-10 and 28-30 days after operation (during early postoperative period), as well as 6 and 12 months after stenting, i.e. over the late post-surgical period. Phenotyping of peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes was performed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies (Beckman Coulter, USA). Intracellular content of Granzyme B was carried out with an FC500 flow laser cytofluorimeter. Metabolic activity of neutrophils was assessed by the NBT test. Alpha defensin was determined in blood plasma by ELISA technique (Hycult Biotech, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 12.0 program (StatSoft, USA). Statistical significance was considered significant at p ≤ 0.05.</p><p>The numbers of natural killer cells and their activity, as well as those of monocytes, were increased in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. We have also shown a suppression of antigen presentation processes, an imbalance in microbicidal activity of neutrophils, with predominant secretion of antimicrobial peptides. Over the early post-surgical period, significant changes included only decreased content of intracellular Granzyme B on days 4-5, and expression of TLR4 and HLA-DR on days 4-5 and 9-10. During the late period, the patients with coronary artery disease exhibited a significant decrease in the content of some lymphocyte subsets: CD3+CD16+, CD16+Gr+ as well as amounts of monocytes: CD14+CD282+, CD14+CD284+, CD14+CD289+, along with HBT-test activity and α-defensin contents, and increased numbers of HLA-DR-expressing monocytes.</p><p>There are changes in cellular component of innate immunity, indicating persistent inflammation in patients with coronary heart disease. The dynamics of revealed changes following coronary artery stenting may reflect a lability of assessed indicators mostly over the late postoperative period, thus serving a basis for predicting the outcome of coronary stenting.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>коронарный атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>стентирование коронарных артерий</kwd><kwd>Toll-подобные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>гранзим В</kwd><kwd>НСТ-тест</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>innate immunity</kwd><kwd>coronary atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>coronary artery stenting</kwd><kwd>Toll-like receptors</kwd><kwd>granzyme B</kwd><kwd>NBT test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гольдерова А.С., Николаева И.Н., Романова А.Н., Козлов В.А. Фенотипическая характеристика лимфоцитов периферической крови при коронарном и мультифокальном атеросклерозе//Бюллетень СОРАМН, 2011. Т. 31, № 3. С. 27-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golderova, A.S., Nikolaeva I.N., Romanova A.N., Kozlov V.A. Phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in coronary and multifocal atherosclerosis. Byulleten SO RAMN = Bulletin of the SB RAMS, 2011, Vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 27-31. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение в России. Под ред. Смелова П.А., Никитиной С.Ю., Агеевой Л.И., Александрова Г.А., Голубева Н.А., Кириллова Г.Н., Огрызко Е.В., Оськов Ю.И., Нам П.Д., Харькова Т.Л., Чумарина В.Ж. М.: Росстат, 2021. 171 c. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdravoohran-2021.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smelova P.A., Nikitina S.Ju., Ageeva L.I., Aleksandrova G.A., Golubeva N.A., Kirillova G.N., Ogryzko E.V., Oskov Yu.I., Nam P.D., Kharkova T.L., Chumarina V.Zh. Healthcare in Russia. Moscow: Rosstat, 2021. 171 p. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdravoohran-2021.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сизякина Л.П., Шлык И.Ф., Сидоров Р.В., Шлык С.В. Характеристика клеточного звена врожденного иммунитета у пациентов, перенесших коронарное стентирование // Иммунология, 2018. Т. 39, № 1. С. 16-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sizaykina L.P., Shlyk I.F., Sidorov R.V., Shlyk S.V. Characteristics of the cellular link of innate immunity in patients undergoing coronary stenting. Immunologiya = Immunologiya, 2018, Vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 16-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andonegui G., Kerfoot S.M., McNagny K., Ebbert K.V., Patel K.D., Kubes P. Platelets express functional Toll-like receptor-4. Blood, 2005, Vol. 106, no. 7, pp. 2417-2423.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andonegui G., Kerfoot S.M., McNagny K., Ebbert K.V., Patel K.D., Kubes P. Platelets express functional Toll-like receptor-4. Blood, 2005, Vol. 106, no. 7, pp. 2417-2423.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Backteman K., Andersson C., Dahlin G., Ernerudh J., Jonasson L. Lymphocyte subpopulations in lymph nodes and peripheral blood: a comparison between patients with stable angina and acute coronary syndrome. PLoS One, 2012, Vol. 7, no. 3, е32691. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032691.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Backteman K., Andersson C., Dahlin G., Ernerudh J., Jonasson L. Lymphocyte subpopulations in lymph nodes and peripheral blood: a comparison between patients with stable angina and acute coronary syndrome. PLoS One, 2012, Vol. 7, no. 3, е32691. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032691.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Backteman K., Ernerudh J., Jonasson L. Natural killer (NK) cell deficit in coronary artery disease: no aberrations in phenotype but sustained reduction of NK cells is associated with low-grade inflammation. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2014, Vol. 175, no. 1, pp. 104-112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Backteman K., Ernerudh J., Jonasson L. Natural killer (NK) cell deficit in coronary artery disease: no aberrations in phenotype but sustained reduction of NK cells is associated with low-grade inflammation. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2014, Vol. 175, no. 1, pp. 104-112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bahrami A., Parsamanesh N., Atkin S.L., Banach M., Sahebkar A. Effect of statins on toll-like receptors: a new insight to pleiotropic effects. Pharmacol. Res., 2018, no. 135, pp. 230-238.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bahrami A., Parsamanesh N., Atkin S.L., Banach M., Sahebkar A. Effect of statins on toll-like receptors: a new insight to pleiotropic effects. Pharmacol. Res., 2018, no. 135, pp. 230-238.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnathan E.S., Raghuna P.N., Tomaszewski J.E., Ganz T., Cines D.B., Higazi A. al-R. Immunohistochemical localization of defensin in human coronary vessels. Am. J. Pathol., 1997, no. 150, pp. 1009-1020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnathan E.S., Raghuna P.N., Tomaszewski J.E., Ganz T., Cines D.B., Higazi A. al-R. Immunohistochemical localization of defensin in human coronary vessels. Am. J. Pathol., 1997, no. 150, pp. 1009-1020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonello L., Pansieri M., Mancini J., Bonello R., Maillard L., Barnay P., Rossi P., Ait-Mokhtar O., Jouve B., Collet F., Peyre J.P., Wittenberg O., de Labriolle A., Camilleri E., Cheneau E., Cabassome E., Dignat-George F., Camoin-Jau L., Paganelli F. High on-treatment platelet reactivity after prasugrel loading dose and cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndromes. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2011, no. 58, pp. 467-473.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonello L., Pansieri M., Mancini J., Bonello R., Maillard L., Barnay P., Rossi P., Ait-Mokhtar O., Jouve B., Collet F., Peyre J.P., Wittenberg O., de Labriolle A., Camilleri E., Cheneau E., Cabassome E., Dignat-George F., Camoin-Jau L., Paganelli F. High on-treatment platelet reactivity after prasugrel loading dose and cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndromes. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2011, no. 58, pp. 467-473.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaabane C., Otsuka F., Virmani R., Bochaton-Piallat M.-L. Biological responses in stented arteries. Cardiovasc. Res., 2013, Vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 353-363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chaabane C., Otsuka F., Virmani R., Bochaton-Piallat M.-L. Biological responses in stented arteries. Cardiovasc. Res., 2013, Vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 353-363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeSart K., O’Malley K., Schmit B., Lopez M.-C., Moldawer L., Baker H., Berceli S., Nelson P. Systemic inflammation as a predictor of clinical outcomes after lower extremity angioplasty/stenting. J. Vasc. Surg., 2016, Vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 766-778.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeSart K., O’Malley K., Schmit B., Lopez M.-C., Moldawer L., Baker H., Berceli S., Nelson P. Systemic inflammation as a predictor of clinical outcomes after lower extremity angioplasty/stenting. J. Vasc. Surg., 2016, Vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 766-778.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horn M., Bertling A., Brodde M.F., Müller A., Roth J., van Aken H., Jurk K., Heilmann C., Peters G., Kehrel B.E. Human neutrophil alpha-defensins induced formation of fibrinogen and thrombospondin-1 amyloid-like structures and activate platelets via glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. J. Thromb. Haemost., 2012, no. 10, pp. 647-661.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horn M., Bertling A., Brodde M.F., Müller A., Roth J., van Aken H., Jurk K., Heilmann C., Peters G., Kehrel B.E. Human neutrophil alpha-defensins induced formation of fibrinogen and thrombospondin-1 amyloid-like structures and activate platelets via glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. J. Thromb. Haemost., 2012, no. 10, pp. 647-661.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jabir N.R., Firoz C.K., Ahmed F., Kamal M.A., Hindawi S., Damanhouri G.A., Almehdar H.A., Tabrez S. Reduction in CD16/CD56 and CD16/CD3/CD56 natural killer cells in coronary artery disease. Immunol. Invest., 2017, Vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 526-535.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jabir N.R., Firoz C.K., Ahmed F., Kamal M.A., Hindawi S., Damanhouri G.A., Almehdar H.A., Tabrez S. Reduction in CD16/CD56 and CD16/CD3/CD56 natural killer cells in coronary artery disease. Immunol. Invest., 2017, Vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 526-535.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knuefermann P., Schwederski M., Velten M., Krings P., Ehrentraut H., Rüdiger M., Boehm O., Fink K., Dreiner U., Grohé C., Hoeft A., Baumgarten G., Koch A., Zacharowski K., Meyer R. Bacterial DNA induces myocardial inflammation and reduces cardiomyocyte contractility: role of toll-like receptor 9. Cardiovasc. Res., 2008, Vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 26-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knuefermann P., Schwederski M., Velten M., Krings P., Ehrentraut H., Rüdiger M., Boehm O., Fink K., Dreiner U., Grohé C., Hoeft A., Baumgarten G., Koch A., Zacharowski K., Meyer R. Bacterial DNA induces myocardial inflammation and reduces cardiomyocyte contractility: role of toll-like receptor 9. Cardiovasc. Res., 2008, Vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 26-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lavin B., Gómez M., Pello O.M., Castejon B., Piedras M.J., Saura M., Zaragoza C. Nitric oxide prevents aortic neointimal hyperplasia by controlling macrophage polarization. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2014, Vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1739-1746.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lavin B., Gómez M., Pello O.M., Castejon B., Piedras M.J., Saura M., Zaragoza C. Nitric oxide prevents aortic neointimal hyperplasia by controlling macrophage polarization. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2014, Vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1739-1746.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Libby P., Buring J.E., Badimon L., Hansson G.K., Deanfield J., Bittencourt M.S., Tokgözoğlu L., Lewis E.F. Atherosclerosis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers, 2019, Vol. 5, no. 56, pp. 1-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Libby P., Buring J.E., Badimon L., Hansson G.K., Deanfield J., Bittencourt M.S., Tokgözoğlu L., Lewis E.F. Atherosclerosis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers, 2019, Vol. 5, no. 56, pp. 1-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marzilli M., Merz C., Boden W.E., Bonow R.O., Capozza P.G., Chilian W.M., DeMaria A.N., Guarini G., Huqi A., Morrone D., Patel M.R., Weintraub W.S. Obstructive coronary atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease: an elusive link. Ration. Pharmacother. Cardiol., 2012, Vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 721-726.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marzilli M., Merz C., Boden W.E., Bonow R.O., Capozza P.G., Chilian W.M., DeMaria A.N., Guarini G., Huqi A., Morrone D., Patel M.R., Weintraub W.S. Obstructive coronary atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease: an elusive link. Ration. Pharmacother. Cardiol., 2012, Vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 721-726.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miteva K., Madonna R., de Caterina R., van Linthout S. Innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis. Vascul. Pharmacol., 2018, Vol. 107, no. 108, pp. 67-77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miteva K., Madonna R., de Caterina R., van Linthout S. Innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis. Vascul. Pharmacol., 2018, Vol. 107, no. 108, pp. 67-77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parsamanesh N., Moossavi M., Bahrami A., Fereidouni M., Barreto G., Sahebkar A. NLRP3 inflammasome as a treatment target in atherosclerosis: A focus on statin therapy. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2019, no. 73, pp. 146-155</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parsamanesh N., Moossavi M., Bahrami A., Fereidouni M., Barreto G., Sahebkar A. NLRP3 inflammasome as a treatment target in atherosclerosis: A focus on statin therapy. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2019, no. 73, pp. 146-155</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pende A., Artom N., Bertolotto M., Montecucco F., Dallegri F. Role of neutrophils in atherogenesis: an update. Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 2016, Vol. 46, no. 3, no. 252-263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pende A., Artom N., Bertolotto M., Montecucco F., Dallegri F. Role of neutrophils in atherogenesis: an update. Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 2016, Vol. 46, no. 3, no. 252-263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Selathurai A., Deswaerte V., Kanellakis P., Tipping P., Toh B.-H., Bobik A., Kyaw T. Natural killer (NK) cells augment atherosclerosis by cytotoxic-dependent mechanisms. Cardiovasc. Res., 2014, Vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 128-137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selathurai A., Deswaerte V., Kanellakis P., Tipping P., Toh B.-H., Bobik A., Kyaw T. Natural killer (NK) cells augment atherosclerosis by cytotoxic-dependent mechanisms. Cardiovasc. Res., 2014, Vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 128-137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xia M., Guerra N., Sukhova G.K., Yang K., Miller C.K., Shi G.-P., Raulet D.H., Xiong N. Immune activation resulting from NKG2D/ligand interaction promotes atherosclerosis. Circulation., 2011, Vol. 124, no. 25, pp. 2933-2943.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xia M., Guerra N., Sukhova G.K., Yang K., Miller C.K., Shi G.-P., Raulet D.H., Xiong N. Immune activation resulting from NKG2D/ligand interaction promotes atherosclerosis. Circulation., 2011, Vol. 124, no. 25, pp. 2933-2943.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
