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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-ROT-2607</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2607</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль полиморфизма генов Toll-like рецепторов в патогенезе новой коронавирусной инфекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of Toll-like receptor gene polymorphism in pathogenesis of new coronavirus infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9640-754X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоглазов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beloglazov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоглазов Владимир Алексеевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой внутренней медицины № 2.</p><p>Симферополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Beloglazov - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Internal Medicine No. 2, S. Georgievsky Medical Academy, V. Vernadsky Crimea Federal University.</p><p>Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">biloglazov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-7262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцков</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatskov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яцков Игорь Анатольевич – ассистент кафедры внутренней медицины № 2.</p><p>295017, Республика Крым, Симферополь, ул. 51-й армии, 109, кв. 21</p><p>Тел.: 8 (978) 709-40-15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Yatskov - Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine No. 2, S. Georgievsky Medical Academy, V. Vernadsky Crimea Federal University.</p><p>109 51st Army St, Apt 21 Simferopol Republic of Crimea 295017</p><p>Phone: +7 (978) 709-40-15</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egermd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1547-915X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камший</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamshiy</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камший Алина Анатольевна – студентка кафедры внутренней медицины № 2.</p><p>Симферополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina A. Kamshiy - Student, Department of Internal Medicine No. 2, S. Georgievsky Medical Academy, V. Vernadsky Crimea Federal University.</p><p>Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sniezhinskaia98@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9950-2016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агзамова</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agzamova</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агзамова Юлдуз Мансуровна – студентка кафедры внутренней медицины № 2.</p><p>Симферополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulduz M. Agzamova - Student, Department of Internal Medicine No. 2, S. Georgievsky Medical Academy, V. Vernadsky Crimea Federal University.</p><p>Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">starsmile005@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт «Медицинская академия имени С.И. Георгиевского» ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. Georgievsky Medical Academy, V. Vernadsky Crimea Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1299</fpage><lpage>1306</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белоглазов В.А., Яцков И.А., Камший А.А., Агзамова Ю.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белоглазов В.А., Яцков И.А., Камший А.А., Агзамова Ю.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Beloglazov V.A., Yatskov I.A., Kamshiy A.A., Agzamova Y.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2607">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2607</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор содержит в себе данные различных литературных источников, дающих представление о роли Toll-подобных рецепторов (TLR) – своего рода сенсоров, играющих ключевую роль в системном реагировании как на бактериальную, так и на вирусную инфекцию, в патогенезе новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2). С появлением COVID-19, принявшей масштабы пандемии, интерес изучения «факторов-предикторов» тяжести инфекционного процесса приобрел новый виток. Эпидемии прошлых лет, вызванные вирусом тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома (TOPC, SARS-CoV), а также коронавирусом ближневосточного респираторного синдрома (MERS-CoV), несколько помогли понять степень иммунного реагирования при данных инфекциях,    а также какую тактику по отношению к возбудителям данного семейства необходимо предпринять и с какими отдаленными прогнозами вспышки, вызванной SARS-CoV-2, возможно впоследствии столкнуться. Каждый из 10 свойственных человеку TLRs распознает определенную структуру в составе бактериального/вирусного или грибкового патогена. Воздействие на TLR активирует воспалительный сигнальный каскад через посредников – внутриклеточные TIR-домены с участием адаптерных белков. Каскад реакций приводит к продукции важнейших в формировании противовирусного ответа субстанций (интерфероны, провоспалительные цитокины, другие белковые структуры, прямо или опосредованно проявляющие противовирусные свойства). Изменения, влекущие сниженную/ повышенную экспрессию генов, кодирующих Toll-рецепторы, полиморфизмы данных генов и другие модификации наследственного аппарата, так или иначе контролирующего работу иммунной системы, будут обуславливать сниженный либо, наоборот, гипервоспалительный ответ на внедрившуюся в организм инфекцию. Вероятно, что с помощью генетической гетерогенности можно также частично объяснить широкий спектр среди клинических проявлений COVID-19 инфекции в популяции. Таким образом, существует повышенный интерес к изучению этих рецепторов, степени их экспрессии на протяжении всего инфекционного процесса, полиморфизма генов, кодирующих TLR, а следовательно, и возможности использования клинических и лабораторных тестов для качественной и количественной их оценки, а также тактик выбора и перспектив дальнейшего лечения в каждом конкретном случае.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review article contains data from literature which concern the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), immune sensors that play a key role in the systemic response to both bacterial and viral infections, e.g., in pathogenesis of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection). With advent of COVID-19, which has reached the scale of a pandemic, the interest in studying predictive factors for the severity of the infectious process has acquired a new cycle. The previous epidemics caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV), as well as the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), helped us to understand the degree of immune response in these conditions, as well as to suggest medical approaches to the pathogens of this family, i.e., which measures should be taken, and what long-term forecasts may be encountered for the SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. Each of the 10 human TLRs recognizes a specific structure within a bacterial / viral or fungal pathogen. The effect on TLR activates the inflammatory signaling cascade via mediators, i.e., intracellular TIR domains mediated by adapter proteins. These reactions lead to the production of the most important antiviral response substances. The factors that lead to reduced / increased expression of TLR genes include gene polymorphisms which control the functioning of the immune system in some ways, thus causing a reduced, or hyperinflammatory response to an infectious agent. Genetic heterogeneity is likely to explain, at least partially, the wide range of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection in general population. Therefore, there is an increased interest in studies of these receptors, the degree of their expression throughout the infectious process, the polymorphisms of the TLR-encoding genes, and, consequently, the opportunity of using clinical and laboratory tests for their qualitative and quantitative assessment, as well as selection and prospects of further treatment in each personal case.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>TLR</kwd><kwd>коронавирус</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>экспрессия</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>TLR</kwd><kwd>coronavirus</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>expression</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буданова Е.В., Свитич О.А., Шуленина Е.А., Зверев В.В. 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