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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-DRO-2591</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2591</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определяющая роль тимуса в иммунопатогенезе аутоиммунных, онкологических и инфекционных заболеваний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determining role of thymus in immune pathogenesis of autoimmune, oncological and infectious diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-1782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Владимир Александрович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель НИИФКИ.</p><p>630099, Новосибирск, ул. Ядринцевская, 14</p><p>Тел.: 8 (383) 222-26-74; Факс: 8 (383) 222-70-28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Kozlov - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Director, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology.</p><p>14 Yadrintsevskaya St, Novosibirsk, 630099</p><p>Phone: +7 (383) 222-26-74; Fax: +7 (383) 222-70-28</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vakoz40@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козлов В.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козлов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2591">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2591</self-uri><abstract><p>Материал, представленный в статье, базируется, прежде всего, на том, что тимус, является, вместе с костным мозгом, центральным органом иммунной системы, в котором образуются все популяции Т-клеток, которые после миграции из тимуса на периферию принимают участие в процессах формирования иммунного ответа ко всем антигенам вирусного, бактериального, тканевого происхождения, ко всем аллергенам. Это и есть принципиальное отличие тимуса от другого центрального органа костного мозга, в котором образуются другие участники иммунного ответа: дендритные клетки, макрофаги, В-лимфоциты. Кстати, в костном мозге образуются клетки, которые мигрируют  в тимус, где и дифференцируются в Т-клеточные элементы. За последние 50 лет в литературе накопился громаднейший материал о ведущей роли иммунной системы в патогенезе практически всех социально значимых заболеваний современного человека, включая инфекционные и онкологические заболевания, атеросклероз, аутоиммунные и аллергические болезни. В то же время в представленных исследованиях показано, что ведущее положение в патогенезе этих заболеваний занимают нарушения в функциях различных популяций Т-клеток. Оказалось, что эти нарушения функций Т-клеток  на периферии в различных органах в основном формируются на территории тимуса. Т. е. по существу, тимус является органом производителем Т-лимфоцитов с нарушенными функциональными активностями, которые при миграции на периферии и формируют иммунопатогенез указанных заболеваний. В настоящее время весь многокомпонентный арсенал методов иммунотерапии направлен на коррекцию нарушений тех же Т-клеток, различной популяционной принадлежности, на периферии, при этом не учитывая механизмы в тимусе, которые и индуцировали эти нарушения, еще до миграции клеток из тимуса. Очевидно, следует разрабатывать методы и способы коррекции этих нарушений на территории тимуса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Research data presented in the article are based, mainly, on the concept that thymus, together with bone marrow represent the central organ of immune system being the source of all T cell populations that, following their migration from thymus to periphery, participate in development of immune response to any antigens of viral, bacterial and tissue origin, and to any allergens. This difference is principal, as opposed to the bone marrow which produces other members of immune response, i.e., dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells. E.g., the bone marrow also generates the cells which migrate to thymus where they undergo differentiation to the T cells. Over last 50 years, a plethora of data was accumulated on the leading role of immune system  in pathogenesis of virtually all socially significant human diseases affecting the modern mankind, including infectious and malignant disorders, atherosclerosis, autoimmune and allergic diseases. Moreover, current studies show that the aberrant functions of different T cell populations play the leading role in pathogenesis of these diseases. These T cell disturbances in peripheral areas of different organs are proven to develop, mainly in the thymic area. Hence, thymus is a producing organ of T cells with altered functional activities which promote pathogenetic changes in these disorders. Currently, the entire set of immunotherapeutic approaches is aimed for correction of disturbances among the same T cells subpopulations at periphery, without taking into account thymic mechanisms which have induced these disturbances before their emigration from thymus. One should, therefore, develop novel methods and approaches to correct these alterations within thymic area.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тимус</kwd><kwd>клетки-супрессоры</kwd><kwd>миграция Т-клеток</kwd><kwd>негативная селекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thymus</kwd><kwd>suppressor cells</kwd><kwd>T cell migration</kwd><kwd>negative selection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahern E., Harjunpää H., O’Donnell J.S., Allen S., Dougall W.C., Teng M.W.L.,Smyth M.J. RANKL blockade improves efficacy of PD1-PD-L1 blockade or dual PD1-PD-L1 and CTLA4 blockade in mouse models of cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2018, Vol. 7, no. 6, e1431088. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2018.1431088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahern E., Harjunpää H., O’Donnell J.S., Allen S., Dougall W.C., Teng M.W.L.,Smyth M.J. 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