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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-IBV-2586</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2586</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимосвязь вирусной нагрузки и показателей клеточного звена иммунной системы у пациентов с COVID-19 различной степени тяжести</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interrelations between viral load and cellular immunity in patients with COVID-19 of varying severity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-2783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитин Юрий Владимирович – врач – аллерголог-иммунолог центра клинической лабораторной диагностики, преподаватель кафедры клинической биохимии и лабораторной диагностики.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p><p>Тел.: 8 (981) 719-04-84</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Yuriy V. Nikitin - Allergologist-Immunologist at the Center of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Lecturer at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p><p>Phone: +7 (981) 719-04-84</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.iuriinikitin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3040-9360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александрова Елена Владимировна – преподаватель кафедры клинической биохимии и лабораторной диагностики.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Alexandrova - Lecturer, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aev_03@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2035-4888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криворучко</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivoruchko</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Криворучко Александр Борисович – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры клинической биохимии и лабораторной диагностики.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander B. Krivoruchko - PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0694-8586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешкова</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkova</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мешкова Марина Евгеньевна – кандидат биологических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры клинической биохимии и лабораторной диагностики.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina E. Meshkova - PhD (Biology), Senior Lecturer, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">meshkova.63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8049-7341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaeva</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минаева Любовь Валерьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры клинической биохимии и лабораторной диагностики.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liubov V. Minaeva - PhD (Medicine), Senior Lecturer, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">minaevaliubov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-1874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жданов Константин Валерьевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, начальник кафедры инфекционных болезней.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin V. Zhdanov - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Department of Infectious Diseases, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhdanovkv.vma@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2767-6938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артамонов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artamonov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артамонов Александр Андреевич – студент.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Artamonov - Student, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Artamonov.Alandr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4398-7525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Константин Вадимович – доктор медицинских наук, доцент.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin V. Kozlov - PhD, MD (Medicine), Associate Professor, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosttiak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8899-7524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Андрей Михайлович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий кафедрой клинической биохимии и лабораторной диагностики.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei M. Ivanov - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iamvma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-9946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мальцев Олег Вениаминович – кандидат медицинских наук., старший преподаватель кафедры инфекционных болезней (с курсом медицинской паразитологии и тропических заболеваний).</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Maltsev - PhD (Medicine), Senior Lecturer, Department of Infectious Diseases (with a course in Medical Parasitology and Tropical Diseases), S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olegdzein@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1594-1316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Константин Сергеевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней (с курсом медицинской паразитологии и тропических заболеваний).</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin S. Ivanov - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases (with a course in Medical Parasitology and Tropical Diseases), S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.iuriinikitin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-7012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляшенко</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyashenko</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ляшенко Юрий Иванович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней (с курсом медицинской паразитологии и тропических заболеваний).</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy I. Lyashenko - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases (with a course in Medical Parasitology and Tropical Diseases), S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.iuriinikitin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-7230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масалов</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masalov</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масалов Евгений Борисович. – врач клиники инфекционных болезней.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, 6, лит. В</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy B. Masalov - Clinical Infectiologist, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>6 bldg B Acad. Lebedev St St. Petersburg 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jonmasvmf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>167</fpage><lpage>180</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитин Ю.В., Александрова Е.В., Криворучко А.Б., Мешкова М.Е., Минаева Л.В., Жданов К.В., Артамонов А.А., Козлов К.В., Иванов А.М., Мальцев О.В., Иванов К.С., Ляшенко Ю.И., Масалов Е.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитин Ю.В., Александрова Е.В., Криворучко А.Б., Мешкова М.Е., Минаева Л.В., Жданов К.В., Артамонов А.А., Козлов К.В., Иванов А.М., Мальцев О.В., Иванов К.С., Ляшенко Ю.И., Масалов Е.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitin Y.V., Aleksandrova E.V., Krivoruchko A.B., Meshkova M.E., Minaeva L.V., Zhdanov K.V., Artamonov A.A., Kozlov K.V., Ivanov A.M., Maltsev O.V., Ivanov K.S., Lyashenko Y.I., Masalov E.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2586">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2586</self-uri><abstract><p>Оценка уровня вирусной нагрузки в различных биологических образцах, взятых из дыхательных путей, может указывать на активную репликацию вируса и используется для мониторинга тяжелых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Изучение взаимосвязей вирусной нагрузки SARS-CoV-2  с лабораторными иммунологическими показателями является важным направлением поиска клинико-лабораторных маркеров COVID-19.</p><p>Цель – количественно оценить вирусную нагрузку у пациентов с COVID-19. Выявить взаимосвязь уровня вирусной нагрузки с изменениями показателей клеточного звена иммунной системы.</p><p>Проведено лабораторное обследование 74 пациентов с диагнозом CОVID-19, которые были разделены на 3 группы по степени тяжести заболевания в соответствии с основными клиническими вариантами: с легким, со среднетяжелым и тяжелым течением. Определена общая вирусная нагрузка в клинических образцах – число копий РНК SARS-CoV-2 на 100 копий референсного гена RNaseP. Выполнена комплексная оценка клеточного звена иммунной системы, определена концентрация IL-6, С-реактивного белка в сыворотке крови.</p><p>Выявлена взаимосвязь развития тяжелого состояния у пациентов COVID-19 с уровнем вирусной нагрузки. Высокие уровни вирусной РНК в биологических образцах коррелируют с основными показателями Т-клеточного звена иммунной системы, ассоциированными с тяжестью течения заболевания. В подгруппе пациентов с высокой вирусной нагрузкой выявили сильные положительные корреляционные связи с относительным количеством цитотоксических лимфоцитов (CD3+CD8+), активированных Т-лимфоцитов (CD3+HLA-DR+), а также абсолютным и относительным количеством активированных В-лимфоцитов и NK-клеток (CD3-CD25+).</p><p>Лабораторный мониторинг показателей клеточного звена иммунной системы в совокупности с оценкой уровня вирусной нагрузки позволит повысить эффективность ранней диагностики состояния пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией. В качестве кандидатов в критерии благоприятного исхода инфекции, вызванной SARS-CoV-2, можно рассмотреть изменение уровней экспрессии маркеров активации на иммунокомпетентных клетках.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Assessment of viral load levels in various biological samples taken from the respiratory tract can be an indicator of an ongoing process of active viral replication and may be used to monitor severe respiratory viral infections. The study of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and immunological laboratory parameters is an important step in the search for clinical markers of COVID-19.</p><p>The aim of this research was to quantify viral load in patients with COVID-19 and to identify the relation-ship between viral load and changes in the parameters of the cellular component of the immune system.</p><p>A laboratory examination was carried out on 74 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, they were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of the disease: mild, moderate, severe. Total viral load in clinical samples was determined by the number of SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies per 100 copies of the reference RNaseP gene.     A comprehensive assessment of the cellular component of the immune system was performed using flow cytometry and direct monoclonal antibodies, and the IL-6, and C-reactive protein concentrations were determined.</p><p>We revealed a relationship between the development of serious clinical conditions in the patients with COVID-19, and the levels of viral load. High levels of viral RNA in biological samples correlate with main indicators of the T cell component of the immune system associated with disease severity. In a subgroup of patients with an extremely high viral load, strong positive correlations were found between the relative numbers of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+), activated T lymphocytes (CD3+HLA-DR+), as well as absolute and relative numbers of activated B lymphocytes and NK cells (CD3-CD25+).</p><p>Laboratory monitoring of the cellular component of the immune system, along with the assessment of viral loads, should improve  early assessment of clinical condition in the patients with COVID-19. Changes   in expression levels of activation markers on immune cells can be potentially viewed as indicators of recovery during COVID-19.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>вирусная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>клеточный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>активированные лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>провоспалительные цитокины</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>viral load</kwd><kwd>cellular immunity</kwd><kwd>activated lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>pro-inflammatory cytokines</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao J., Li C., Zhang K., Kang H., Chen W., Gu B. Comparative analysis of laboratory indexes of severe and non-severe patients infected with COVID-19. Clin. Chim. 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