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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-AOB-2579</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение биоинформатического анализа для выявления генов-кандидатов, ассоциированных с наследственным ангиоотеком</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of bioinformatical analysis to identify candidate genes associated with hereditary angioedema</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-8545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печникова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechnikova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikanobelevka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Останкова Юлия Владимировна, к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией 197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14Тел.: 8 (812) 233-20-92</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ostankova Yulia V., PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Head, Laboratory</p><p>1197101, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Mira str., 14Phone: 7 (812) 233-20-92</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>Арег А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>Areg A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; заведующий кафедрой иммунологии ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute; Head, Department of Immunology, First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">totolian@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute; First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1027</fpage><lpage>1046</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Печникова Н.А., Останкова Ю.В., Тотолян А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Печникова Н.А., Останкова Ю.В., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pechnikova N.A., Ostankova Y.V., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2579">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2579</self-uri><abstract><p>Первичные иммунодефициты (ПИД) – гетерогенная группа наследственных заболеваний, приводящих к нарушению иммунной защиты. Зачастую диагноз невозможно поставить без выявления мутаций, приводящих к развитию заболевания. Для многих ПИД отсутствует четкое представление об этиологии, патогенезе и задействованных генах. Очевидна необходимость определения генов-кандидатов, потенциально способных приводить к развитию того или иного ПИД.</p><p>Наследственный ангиоотек (НАО) – редкое генетически детерминированное заболевание, сопровождающееся рецидивирующими отеками мягких тканей и подслизистых оболочек, представляющими угрозу жизни пациентов. Диагноз ставят с учетом клинической картины, семейного анамнеза, лабораторных показателей значений C1-ингибитора эстеразы, компонента 4 комплемента, компонента 1q комплемента, антител к C1 и генетическом тестировании на ряд мутаций в генах SERPING1, F12, PLG, ANGPT1, KNG1, MYOF, HS3ST6. Однако в патогенезе могут быть задействованы другие гены, негативный эффект мутаций которых еще не изучен. Поскольку в развитии не моногенных заболеваний, к каковым относится и НАО, может быть задействована обширная сеть генов, особенно важным представляется определение групп наиболее вероятных генов-кандидатов, предположительно участвующих в развитии патологии.</p><p>Цель – выявить с помощью биоинформатического анализа гены-кандидаты развития/патогенеза НАО и раскрыть их биологический контекст.</p><p>В качестве основы для анализа использовали группу генов, мутации в которых достоверно ассоциированы с НАО: SERPING1, F12, PLG, ANGPT1, KNG1, MYOF, HS3ST6. Для построения генетических и белок-белковых сетей, идентификации биологического контекста отобранных генов-кандидатов задействовали ряд веб-ресурсов: HumanNetv3, GeneMania, FUMA GWAS в режиме GENE2FUNC.</p><p>Идентифицированы сто потенциальных генов-кандидатов, мутации в которых могут быть связаны с НАО. Определен биологический контекст выявленных генов. Данные биологического контекста, генетических и белок-белковых взаимодействий позволили исключить ряд генов из списка наиболее вероятных участников патогенеза и разделить оставшиеся на группы с большим или меньшим потенциалом вовлеченности. К группе наиболее вероятных генов-кандидатов НАО можно отнести: PLAT, HRG, SERPINA1, SERPINF2, MASP2, GRB14, C1QBP, DOK2, KLKB1, F11, TEK, KLK10, KRT1, APOH, CPB2, F2.</p><p>Полученные результаты могут оказать существенную помощь в изучении молекулярного механизма НАО, а также в диагностике и прогнозе течения заболевания. Выявленные гены-кандидаты потенциально способны служить диагностическими биомаркерами для пациентов с необъяснимым ангиоотеком.</p><p>Применение биоинформатических методов позволяет определить список генов-кандидатов, предположительно вовлеченных в патогенез заболевания или усугубляющих его течение, получить актуальную информацию о биологическом контексте выявленных генов. Понимание генетических основ и патофизиологии ПИД может способствовать определению новых диагностических и терапевтических целей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases that lead to impaired immune defense. Often, the diagnosis cannot be made without identifying mutations that lead to the development of the disease. For many PIDs, there is no clear understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and genes involved. There is an obvious need to identify candidate genes potentially capable of leading to the development of PIDs.</p><p>Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetically determined disease, accompanied by recurrent edema of soft tissues and submucosal membranes, posing a threat to the life of patients. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation, family history, laboratory values of C1-esterase inhibitor, complement component 4, complement component 1q, antibodies to C1 and genetic testing for a number of mutations in the genes SERPING1, F12, PLG, ANGPT1, KNG1, MYOF, HS3ST6. However, pathogenesis may involve other genes in which the negative effect of mutations has not yet been studied. HAE is a non-monogenic disease that may involve an extensive network of genes. It seems important to determine the groups of the most probable candidate genes presumably involved in the development of pathology.</p><p>Aim – to identify, using bioinformatics analysis, candidate genes for the development/pathogenesis of HAE and to reveal their biological context.</p><p>The analysis was based on a group of genes, mutations in which are significantly associated with HAE: SERPING1, F12, PLG, ANGPT1, KNG1, MYOF, HS3ST6. To analised genetic and protein–protein networks and identify the biological context of the selected candidate genes, a number of web resources were used: HumanNetv3, GeneMania, FUMA GWAS in the GENE2FUNC mode.</p><p>One hundred potential candidate genes in which mutations can be associated with HAE have been identified. The biological context of the identified genes was determined. The data of the biological context, genetic and protein-protein interactions made it possible to exclude a number of genes from the list of the most likely participants in pathogenesis and divide the remaining ones into groups with a greater or lesser potential for involvement. The group of the most likely HAO candidate genes includes PLAT, HRG, SERPINA1, SERPINF2, MASP2, GRB14, C1QBP, DOK2, KLKB1, F11, TEK, KLK10, KRT1, APOH, CPB2, F2.</p><p>The results obtained can provide significant assistance in the study of the HAE molecular mechanism, as well as in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease course. The identified candidate genes have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with unexplained angioedema.</p><p>The use of bioinformatic methods makes it possible to determine the list of candidate genes that are presumably involved in the disease pathogenesis or aggravate its course, and to obtain up-to-date information about the biological context of the identified genes. Understanding the genetic underpinnings and pathophysiology of PID may help define new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоинформатический анализ</kwd><kwd>первичные иммунодефициты</kwd><kwd>наследственный ангиоотек</kwd><kwd>гены-кандидаты</kwd><kwd>патогенетически значимые мутации</kwd><kwd>анализ in silico</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bioinformatical analysis</kwd><kwd>primary immunodeficiencies</kwd><kwd>hereditary angioedema</kwd><kwd>candidate genes</kwd><kwd>pathogenetically significant mutations</kwd><kwd>in silico analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бодня О.С., Демина Д.В., Кузьменко Н.Б., Латышева Е.А., Латышева Т.В., Миличкина А.М., Пампура А.Н., Сизякина Л.П., Тотолян А.А., Уханова О.П., Федотова Н.В., Фомина Д.С. 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