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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-DMI-2557</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2557</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>DAMP-опосредованное воспаление и регулируемая гибель клеток при иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DAMP-mediated inflammation  and regulated cell death in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-4482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саидов</surname><given-names>М. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saidov</surname><given-names>M. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саидов Марат Зиявдинович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой патологической физиологии.</p><p>367000, Республика Дагестан, Махачкала, пл. Ленина, 1</p><p>Тел.: 8 (988) 300-90-45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat Z. Saidov - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Pathological Physiology, Dagestan State Medical University.</p><p>1 Lenin Sq, Makhachkala Republic of Dagestan, 367000</p><p>Phone: +7 (988) 300-90-45</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marat.saidov.55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Dagestan State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Саидов М.З., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саидов М.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saidov M.Z.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2557">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2557</self-uri><abstract><p>В патогенезе иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваний доминирующим является  состояние аутореактивности врожденного иммунитета, индуцирующее неинфекционное  «стерильное» воспаление. К  отличительным свойствам этого  воспаления относится полиорганность и рецидивирующее течение. Ключевым фактором прогрессирования этого  воспаления является высвобождение в процессах дезорганизации основного вещества рыхлой волокнистой неоформленной соединительной ткани, а также  регулируемой и случайной гибели  клеток вне- и внутриклеточных «сигналов опасности» – DAMPs. При  иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях к DAMP-индуцированным  формам регулируемой гибели  клеток относятся аутофагия, апоптоз, некроптоз, пироптоз и нетоз. Мембранные и цитозольные PRR-рецепторы, взаимодействуя с DAMPs, обуславливают указанные DAMP-индуцированные формы регулируемой гибели  клеток. При  этом  DAMP-индуцированные формы регулируемой гибели  клеток часто  сочетаются с одновременной реакцией PRR-рецепторов на предсуществующие в умерших клетках PAMPs патогенов. TLR-DAMP взаимодействие активирует те же  сигнальные пути,  адапторные молекулы, транскрипционные факторы, формирует те же провоспалительные инфламмасомы, что и при TLR-PAMP взаимодействии. В этих процессах антиген-презентирующая функция дендритных клеток выражена в максимальной степени. С учетом  важной роли  инфекций в качестве этиологических факторов при  иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях, указанные процессы могут являться ключевыми при  индукции феномена кросс-презентации. Взаимодействия DAMPs с PRR-рецепторами клеток врожденного иммунитета обуславливают формирование DAMP-опосредованного порочного круга.  При  этом  повышение уровня провоспалительных DAMPs как in situ, так и в системной циркуляции приводит, посредством PRR-DAMP взаимодействия, к еще большему количеству клеток, подвергшихся регулируемой гибели клеток и к еще  большему повреждению тканей. В свою  очередь, эти  процессы значительно увеличивают уровни провоспалительных DAMPs в тканях, которые обуславливают прогрессирование «стерильного» воспаления при  иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях. Идентифицированы сигнальные пути,  адапторные молекулы, транскрипционные факторы, провоспалительные инфламмасомы при  всех видах  регулируемой гибели  клеток, индуцированных PRR-DAMP взаимодействием. Имеющиеся результаты исследований позволяют определить соответствующие мишени с целью  их фармакологической коррекции. В этом  отношении достигнут значительный прогресс в изыскании медикаментозных средств  регуляции воспаления при СКВ, РА, синдроме Шегрена, ССД и др. Не меньшее значение имеет оценка сывороточных уровней DAMPs в качестве диагностических и прогностических биомаркеров, а также  оценки эффективности лечения иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The state of autoreactivity of innate immunity dominates in the pathogenesis of immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases,  inducing non-infectious “sterile” inflammation. The  distinctive properties of this inflammation include  multiorgan affection and  recurrent clinical  course.  The  extracellular and intracellular “danger signals”  called DAMPs, seem to be a key factor  in progression of the inflammatory events.  These  factors  are  released  by the  loose  fibrous  connective tissue  in  the  course  of main  substance disorganization, as well as regulated and  accidental local  cell  death. In  immune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases,  the  DAMP-induced  patterns of  regulated cell  death  include   autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis  and  netosis.  Membrane and  cytosolic  PRR  receptors, interacting with  DAMPs, promote these DAMP-induced forms of regulated cell death. At the same time,  the DAMP-induced modes  of regulated cell death  are often combined with simultaneous reaction of PRR  receptors to the pathogens that preexist in dead cells. TLR-DAMP interaction activates  similar  signaling  pathways, adaptive  molecules, transcription factors, forming  the  same  pro-inflammatory  inflammasomes as with  TLR-PAMP interaction. In  these  processes, the  antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells is expressed  to the  maximal extent.  Given  the  important role of infections as etiological factors  in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases,  these  processes  may be the key factor  inducing the phenomenon of antigenic cross-presentation. Interactions of DAMPs with PRR receptors of innate immunity cells cause the formation of a DAMP-mediated vicious circle. At the same time, increased levels of proinflammatory DAMPs, both  in situ and  in systemic  circulation, leads,  via the  PRR-DAMP interactions, to incresing  number of cells prone  to regulated cell death  and to even more  pronounced tissue  damage. In  turn,   these  processes   significantly   increase   the  levels  of  pro-inflammatory DAMPs in tissues,  thus causing  progression of “sterile” inflammation to immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases.  The signaling  pathways, adaptive  molecules, transcription factors,  and  pro-inflammatory  inflammasomes have been identified in all types of regulated cell death  induced by PRR-DAMP interaction. The available research results  allow us to determine appropriate targets  which  may be subjected to pharmacological correction. In this respect, significant  progress  has been  made  in search  for medicinal tools  of regulating inflammation in SLE,  RA, Sjogren’s syndrome, SSD,  etc. Of sufficient  importance are both evaluation of serum DAMP levels as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, along with their  determination for assessing treatment efficiency  in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>ревматические болезни</kwd><kwd>DAMPs</kwd><kwd>PRR-рецепторы</kwd><kwd>гибель клеток</kwd><kwd>врожденный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>аутореактивность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>rheumatic diseases</kwd><kwd>DAMPs</kwd><kwd>PRR receptors</kwd><kwd>cell death</kwd><kwd>innate immunity</kwd><kwd>autoreactivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пинегин Б.В., Пащенков М.В., Пинегин В.Б., Хаитов Р.М. 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