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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/10.15789/1563-0625-IOM-2534</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2534</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние макрофагов на инсулинсинтезирующую систему в норме и при аллоксановом диабете</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of macrophages on the insulin-synthesizing system under normal conditions and in alloxan diabetes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булавинцева</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulavintseva</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Булавинцева Т.С. – научный сотрудник</p><p>620049,  г. Екатеринбург, ул. Первомайская, 106, к. 123Тел./факс: 8 (343) 374-00-70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bulavintseva T.S., Research Associate, Institute of Immunologyand Physiology</p><p>106 Pervomaiskaya St, Room 123 Yekaterinburg 620049 Phone/fax: +7 (343) 374-00-70</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bulavincevat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юшков</surname><given-names>Б. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yushkov</surname><given-names>B. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юшков Б.Г. – д.м.н., член-корр. РАН, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, заведующий лабораторией иммунофизиологии и иммунофармакологии</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yushkov B.G., PhD, MD (Medicine), Corresponding Member,Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of theRussian Federation, Head, Laboratory of Immunophysiologyand Immunopharmacology</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Yushkov@iip.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данилова И.Г. – д.б.н., заведующая лабораторией морфологии и биохимии </p><p>Екатеринбург</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danilova I.G., PhD, MD (Biology), Head, Laboratory ofMorphology and Biochemistry</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ig-danilova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абидов</surname><given-names>М. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abidov</surname><given-names>M. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абидов М.Т. – д.м.н., директор</p><p>Любляна</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abidov M.T., PhD, MD (Medicine), Director</p><p>Ljubljana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alina144@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт иммунопатологии и профилактической медицины</institution><country>Словения</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Immunopathology and Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Slovenia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>287</fpage><lpage>300</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Булавинцева Т.С., Юшков Б.Г., Данилова И.Г., Абидов М.Т., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Булавинцева Т.С., Юшков Б.Г., Данилова И.Г., Абидов М.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bulavintseva T.S., Yushkov B.G., Danilova I.G., Abidov M.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2534">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2534</self-uri><abstract><p>Инсулин-синтезирующие клетки (ИСК) поджелудочной железы локализованы как в ее островках, так и экзокринной части в виде одиночных клеток или агломератов. ИСК различаются своими морфофункциональными характеристиками в зависимости от особенностей микроокружения. В формировании их микроокружения участвуют в том числе резидентные макрофаги. Цель – оценить влияние функциональной активности макрофагов на инсулин-синтезирующую систему (панкреатический островок, агломераты и отдельно лежащие инсулин-синтезирующие клетки) в норме и при аллоксановом диабете.</p><p>Аллоксановый диабет вызывали у половозрелых крыс самцов линии «Вистар» внутрибрюшинным введением аллоксана (30 мг/100 г). Моделирование функциональной активности макрофагов осуществлялось противовоспалительным препаратом аминофталгидразида (АФГ). В крови экспериментальных животных анализировали содержание инсулина, глюкозы и гликозилированного гемоглобина. В гомогенате поджелудочной железы определяли уровень IL-1α, TNFα и IFNγ. На гистологических препаратах органа подсчитывали содержание макрофагов в островковой и экзокринной частях, а также количество панкреатических островков, агломератов и одиночных ИСК. Определяли уровень пролиферации (insulin+Ki-67+), апоптотоза (TUNEL+insulin+) и содержание инсулина (по интенсивности его флюоресценции) ИСК различной локализации. Все панкреатические островки были разделены на 3 типа по интенсивности флюоресценции инсулина – островки с высоким, средним и низким уровнем флюоресценции.</p><p>У здоровых крыс иммуномодуляция снижает общий уровень IL-1α в паренхиме поджелудочной железы без изменения общих показателей углеводного обмена. В экзокринной части органа увеличивается содержание одиночных ИСК в протоковом эпителии и повышается пролиферация ИСК агломератов. В панкреатических островках растет интенсивность апоптоза β-клеток. Уменьшается доля островков с высоким уровнем флюоресценции инсулина и увеличивается доля со средним его уровнем. При этом в первых плотность макрофагов и пролиферация β-клеток ниже, а апоптоз выше чем у интактных животных. В островках с низким содержанием инсулина иммунномодуляция не вы зывает изменений морфологических характеристик. Введение АФГ при аллоксановом диабете способствует значительному снижению концентрации IFNγ в тканях железы, стабилизирует содержание IL-1α, при этом уменьшается апоптоз ИСК и макрофагальная инфильтрация во всех отделах железы. В протоковом эпителии сохраняется большое количество одиночных ИСК с высокой синтетической активностью, увеличивается число агломератов и их клеточность. В островках увеличивается количество делящихся β-клеток.</p><p>Модуляция функциональной активности макрофагов поджелудочной железы в физиологических условиях оказывает разнонаправленное влияние на инсулин-синтезирующие клетки в зависимости от их локализации. В экзокринной части органа, где располагаются М2-макрофаги, наблюдается активация дифференцировки и пролиферации предшественников ИСК. В то время как в островках, где присутствуют М1-макрофаги, усиливается апоптоз β-клеток. При аллоксановом диабете иммуномодуляция способствует снижению деструкции инсулиноцитов на фоне высокой интенсивности их пролиферации. Гетерогенность реакции ИСК на изменение микроокружения зависит от их синтетической активности. У здоровых крыс в островках с высоким уровнем флюоресценции инсулина повышается уровень апоптоза и снижается пролиферация β-клеток, в то время как морфофункциональные характеристики островков с низким уровнем флюоресценции инсулина не меняются. При аллоксановом диабете в островках с высокими показателями флюоресценции преобладает апоптоз, а в островках с низким содержанием инсулина – пролиферация β-клеток.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Insulin-synthesizing cells (ISCs) of pancreatic gland are localized both in its islets, and in exocrine portion, as single cells or cellular agglomerates. ISCs differ in their morphological and functional characteristics, depending on characteristics of the microenvironment. Resident macrophages are also involved into formation of their microenvironment. Our purpose was to assess the effect of functional macrophages upon the insulinsynthesizing system (pancreatic islets, cell agglomerates, and separately lying insulin-synthesizing cells) under normal conditions and in alloxan diabetes.</p><p>Alloxan diabetes was induced in mature male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (30 mg/100 g). Functional activity of macrophages was modeled with anti-inflammatory drug aminophthalhydrazide (AMP). Contents of insulin, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured in blood of experimental animals. The levels of IL-1α, TNFα and IFNγ were determined in pancreatic homogenate. The number of macrophages was counted in histological preparations from the insular and exocrine parts of the organ, as well as the number of pancreatic islets, agglomerates, and single ISCs. The amounts of proliferating cells (insulin+Ki-67+), apoptotic forms (TUNEL+insulin+), and insulin content of ISCs at different sites (according to their fluorescence intensity) were determined. All pancreatic islets were divided into 3 types, according to intensity of insulin fluorescence, i.e., islets with high, median and low levels of fluorescence.</p><p>In healthy rats, immunomodulation reduced total level of IL-1α in pancreatic parenchyma, without changing the overall parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. In the exocrine part of pancreas, the content of single ISCs in ductal epithelium was increased. Likewise, proliferation of the ISC agglomerates became higher. The intensity of β-cell apoptosis increased in pancreatic islets. The proportion of islets with high-level insulin fluorescence was decreased, along with lower density of macrophages and proliferation rates of β-cells, and higher apoptosis rates, than in intact animals. We have also revealed there an increased ratio of cells with average insulin levels. In the islets with low insulin content, immunomodulation did not cause morphological changes. Administration of AMP in alloxan diabetes contributes to a significantly decreased concentration of IFNγ in pancreatic tissues, stabilizes IL-1α content, along with reduced apoptosis of ISCs and macrophage infiltration in all parts of the gland. In the ductal epithelium, a large number of single ISCs with high synthetic activity was observed, with retained number of agglomerates and their increased cellularity. The number of dividing β-cells is increased in pancreatic islets.</p><p>Modulation of the functional activity of pancreatic macrophages under physiological conditions provides a multidirectional effect on the insulin-synthesizing cells, depending on their localization. In exocrine part of the organ, where M2 macrophages are located, we have observed activated differentiation and proliferation of ISC precursors. Meanwhile, in the islets where M1 macrophages are present, apoptosis of β-cells was enhanced. In alloxan diabetes, immunomodulation was associated with reduced destruction of insulinocytes, along with high intensity of their proliferation. Heterogenous response of ISCs to the changes in the microenvironment depends on their synthetic activity. In healthy rats, the islets with high level of insulin fluorescence, the level of apoptosis is increased, and β-cell proliferation is reduced, while the morphological and functional characteristics of islets with low-level insulin fluorescence did not change. In alloxan diabetes, apoptosis prevailed in islets with high fluorescence values, whereas β-cell proliferation predominated in the islets with low insulin contents.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>инсулин-синтезирующая система</kwd><kwd>физиологические условия</kwd><kwd>аллоксановый диабет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>insulin-synthesizing system</kwd><kwd>physiological conditions</kwd><kwd>alloxan diabetes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках бюджетной темы № 122020900136-4 ИИФ УрО РАН. 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