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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-SOE-2527</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2527</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование эффекторных молекул автономного и неавтономного влияния апоптоза Т-лимфоцитов в условиях «клеточного соседства» в культуре у здоровых людей и пациентов с РА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Studies of effector molecules exerting autonomous and nonautonomous influence of T lymphocyte apoptosis under the conditions of in vitro “cell neighborhood” in healthy people and patients with rheumatoid arthritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-2212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>Т. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>T. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамова Татьяна Яковлевна – доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунопатологии</p><p>630099, г. Новосибирск, ул. Ядринцевская, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abramova Tatiana Ya., PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunopathology</p><p>630099, Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya str., 14</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatjana-abramova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3327-3630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блинова Елена Андреевна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунопатологии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunopathology</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">blinovaelena-85@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5512</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пашкина Екатерина Александровна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунопатологии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunopathology</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pashkina.e.a@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-938X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гришина Любовь Викторовна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунопатологии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunopathology</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l_grishina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8633-0662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильина Надежда Александровна – врач-ревматолог клиники иммунопатологии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rheumatologist, Clinic of Immunopathology</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadya5481@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3797-6392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чумасова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chumasova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чумасова Оксана Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-ревматолог клиники иммунопатологии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Rheumatologist, Clinic of Immunopathology</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chumoks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7213-7482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизиков</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizikov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сизиков Алексей Эдуардович – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением ревматологии, врач-ревматолог клиники иммунопатологии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head, Department of Rheumatology, Rheumatologist, Clinic of immunopathology</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">depaidici@online.nsk.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-1782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Владимир Александрович – доктор медицинских наук, академик РАН, заведующий лабораторией клинической иммунопатологии, научный консультант</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Laboratory of Clinical Immunopathology, Scientific Advisor</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vakoz40@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт клинической и фундаментальной иммунологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1119</fpage><lpage>1138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абрамова Т.Я., Блинова Е.А., Пашкина Е.А., Гришина Л.В., Ильина Н.А., Чумасова О.А., Сизиков А.Э., Козлов В.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абрамова Т.Я., Блинова Е.А., Пашкина Е.А., Гришина Л.В., Ильина Н.А., Чумасова О.А., Сизиков А.Э., Козлов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abramova T.Y., Blinova E.A., Pashkina E.A., Grishina L.V., Ilina N.A., Chumasova O.A., Sizikov A.E., Kozlov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2527">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2527</self-uri><abstract><p>Известно, что клеточный гомеостаз в организме поддерживается процессами пролиферации и гибели клеток, при этом апоптоз является наиболее частым и физиологичным, «тихим» механизмом элиминации клеток. В настоящее время показано, что процесс апоптоза, традиционно считавшийся автономным, оказывает выраженное неавтономное влияние на миграцию, пролиферацию, гибель соседних клеток. Основанием для данной работы послужили данные о нарушении программированной гибели мононуклеарных клеток у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом, приводящие к формированию аутоиммунного воспаления. Целью настоящего исследования являлось оценка эффекторных молекул автономного и неавтономного влияния апоптоза Т-лимфоцитов в условиях «клеточного соседства» в культуре у здоровых людей и пациентов с ревматоидным артритом (РА). Объектом исследования являлись образцы крови пациенток с РА и здоровых женщин сопоставимого возраста. Проводились эксперименты, направленные на выявление уровней основных молекул рецепторного и митохондриального апоптоза Т-лимфоцитов in vitro. В проведенных ранее исследованиях с применением разработанной нами модели «клеточного соседства» не было установлено различий по параметрам раннего и позднего активационного апоптоза между группами доноров и пациентов с РА. При этом в результате недельной инкубации в апоптотических культурах пациентов значимо увеличилось число живых клеток, несущих маркер пролиферации Ki-67. Различный исход индукции апоптоза в культурах, находящихся в равных условиях «клеточного соседства» у здоровых людей и пациентов с РА, выявил необходимость изучения основных эффекторных молекул апоптоза в исследуемых группах. В данном исследовании был установлен низкий потенциал рецепторного пути активации апоптоза за счет подавления продукции TNFα в процессе инкубации клеток в условиях «клеточного соседства» в культурах здоровых людей и низкого изначально и не меняющегося в динамике и в различных вариантах инкубации уровня TNFα в супернатантах пациентов с РА, а также низкого содержания инициирующей каспазы-8 в обеих группах. Было определено значимое подавление эффекторных молекул митохондриального пути активации апоптоза – антиапоптотического фактора Bcl-2 и транскрипционного фактора p53 в культурах апоптотических клеток, а также смешанных в условиях «клеточного соседства» пролиферирующих и апоптотических клеток у пациентов с РА и отсутствие динамики по содержанию указанных белков у здоровых людей. При этом между отдельными вариантами культур пациентов с РА относительно здоровых людей по содержанию указанных молекул различий не было установлено. Учитывая, что обе исследуемые группы характеризовались значительной активацией продукции IL-4 и IL-6, цитокинов, обладающих автономными и не автономными защитными и репаративными свойствами, можно заключить, что высокие уровни указанных цитокинов различным образом проявляли себя в культурах клеток, находящихся в условиях «клеточного соседства». Если у здоровых людей нахождение клеток в неблагоприятных условиях сочеталось с поддержанием баланса пролиферации и апоптоза, то у пациентов с РА поддержание указанного баланса активировало процессы пролиферации и сопровождалось увеличением числа живых клеток в апоптотических культурах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cellular homeostasis in the body is known to be maintained by the processes of cell proliferation and death, whereas apoptosis is the most frequent and physiological, “silent” mechanism of cell elimination. It has been currently shown that the process of apoptosis traditionally considered an autonomous event, has a pronounced non-autonomous effect on migration, proliferation, and death of the neighboring cells. This work was based on the data on impaired programmed death of mononuclear cells from the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leading to the evolving autoimmune inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate effector molecules exerting autonomous and non-autonomous influence of T cell apoptosis under the conditions of “cell neighborhood” in cell cultures of healthy people and RA patients. The studies were performed with blood samples of RA patients and healthy women of comparable age. These experiments were performed in order to assess the levels of main molecules mediating the in vitro receptor and mitochondrial apoptosis of T lymphocytes. In previous studies, using the original “cell neighborhood” model, no differences were found in parameters of early and late activation apoptosis between the groups of donors and RA patients. At the same time, 1-week incubation in apoptotic cultures of the patients was followed by significantly increased number of viable cells carrying the proliferation marker Ki-67. Different results of in vitro apoptosis induction in cultures under similar conditions of “cell neighborhood” in healthy people and patients with RA have revealed the importance of main effector molecules of apoptosis in the studied groups. In this study, we have revealed low potential of the receptor pathway for apoptosis activation in healthy people, due to suppression of TNFα production during cell incubation under the conditions of “cell neighborhood”, and in RA patients due to initially low TNFα in supernatants which did not change over time and in various incubation variants, along with low content of initiating caspase 8 in both groups. Significant suppression of effector molecules of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis activation, i.e., Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic factor and p53 transcription factor was detected in cultures of apoptotic cells, as well as mixtures of proliferating and apoptotic cells under the conditions of “cell neighborhood” in RA patients. The amounts of these molecules did not change in healthy persons. At the same time, no differences in these molecules were found between individual variants of cell cultures from the patients with RA and healthy people. The both studied groups were characterized by a significant activation of IL-4 and IL-6 production, i.e., the cytokines with autonomous and non-autonomous protective and reparative properties, Hence, one may conclude that high levels of these cytokines had different effects in cell cultures under the conditions of “cell neighborhood”. Incubation of cells from healthy people under suboptimal conditions was associated with maintaining the balance of proliferation and apoptosis, whereas, in cell cultures of RA patients, this balance caused activation of proliferation processes, being accompanied by an increase in the number of living cells in apoptotic cultures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулы рецепторного апоптоза</kwd><kwd>молекулы митохондриального апоптоза</kwd><kwd>автономное влияние апоптоза</kwd><kwd>неавтономное влияние апоптоза</kwd><kwd>«клеточное соседство»</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>receptor apoptosis</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial apoptosis</kwd><kwd>autonomous influence of apoptosis</kwd><kwd>non-autonomous influence of apoptosis</kwd><kwd>“cell neighborhood”</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арефьева А.С. 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