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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-TGF-2514</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2514</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансформирующий фактор роста β1 (TGF-β1) у пациентов с эндокринной офтальмопатией и болезнью Грейвса – предиктор эффективности лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy and Graves’ disease: A predictor of treatment efficiency</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8538-5354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свириденко</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviridenko</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свириденко Наталья Юрьевна, д.м.н., профессор, заместитель директора института клинической эндокринологии по лечебной работе, главный научный сотрудник отдела терапевтической эндокринологии</p><p>117036, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, 11Тел./факс: 8 (916) 435-54-93</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sviridenko Natalya Yu. MD, PhD (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Director for Clinics, Chief Research Associate, Department of Therapeutic Endocrinology</p><p>117036, Moscow, D. Ulyanov str., 11Phone: 7 (916) 435-54-93</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natsvir@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5910-6502</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессмертная</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessmertnaya</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отделения диабетической ретинопатии и офтальмохирургии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Department of ВDiabetic Retinopathy and Eye Surgery</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bessmertnaya.eg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9954-7641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беловалова</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belovalova</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры института высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Institute of Higher and Additional Education</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belovalova.irina@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3785-0335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеремета</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheremeta</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующая отделом радионуклидной диагностики и терапии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head, Department of Radionuclide Diagnostics and Therapy</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina888@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-7017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаева</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babaeva</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-рентгенолог отделения КТ и МРТ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Climical Radiologist, Computer Tomography and MRI Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dianababaeva1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7321-9052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malysheva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник клинико-диагностической лаборатории</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology). Leading Research Associate, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalya.m@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-8702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трошина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Troshina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН, директор Института клинической эндокринологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Institute of Clinical Endocrinology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">troshina@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-7877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельниченко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnichenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., академик РАН, профессор, заместитель директора по науке</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Full Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for Research</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">teofrast2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Research Centre of Endocrinology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>993</fpage><lpage>1006</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Свириденко Н.Ю., Бессмертная Е.Г., Беловалова И.М., Шеремета М.С., Бабаева Д.М., Малышева Н.М., Трошина Е.А., Мельниченко Г.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Свириденко Н.Ю., Бессмертная Е.Г., Беловалова И.М., Шеремета М.С., Бабаева Д.М., Малышева Н.М., Трошина Е.А., Мельниченко Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sviridenko N.Y., Bessmertnaya E.G., Belovalova I.M., Sheremeta M.S., Babaeva D.M., Malysheva N.M., Troshina E.A., Melnichenko G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2514">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2514</self-uri><abstract><p>Существующие терапевтические подходы к лечению эндокринной офтальмопатии (ЭОП) основываются на неспецифической иммуносупрессии глюкокортикоидами (ГК) и лучевой терапии орбит. При этом часть пациентов остаются резистентными к лечению. В предыдущем исследовании мы выявили высокие уровни солюбилизированных рецепторов цитокинов: sTNFα-R1, sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R и цитокина TGF-β1 у пациентов с длительно существующей нелеченой ЭОП и болезнью Грейвса (БГ) в состоянии эутиреоза. Уровень TGF-β1 был значимо выше у пациентов с ЭОП по сравнению со здоровыми лицами и повышался с увеличением длительности ЭОП, что свидетельствовало об активации регуляторного звена иммунной системы, направленной на супрессию аутоиммунного процесса.</p><p>Целью настоящей работы явилось исследование динамики TGF-β1 и рецепторов цитокинов: sTNFα-R1, sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R на фоне проведения иммуносупрессивной терапии высокими дозами ГК как возможных предикторов эффективности лечения.</p><p>В исследование были включены 49 пациентов (98 орбит) с БГ в состоянии эутиреоза и субклинического тиреотоксикоза и ЭОП в активной фазе, не получавших ранее лечения по поводу ЭОП. Определены концентрации цитокина TGF-β1, sTNFα-RI и sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R, антител к рецептору тиреотропного гормона (рТТГ), свободных фракций тироксина (свТ4) и трийодтиронина (свТЗ), ТТГ в сыворотке крови. Выполнено ультразвуковое исследование щитовидной железы (УЗИ ЩЖ), мультиспиральная компьютерная томография (МСКТ) / магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) орбит. Пациентам была назначена иммуносупрессивная терапия высокими дозами ГК (метилпреднизолоном) в режиме пульс-терапии, в стандартной дозировке 4500-8000 мг с учетом тяжести и активности клинических проявлений ЭОП. Обследование проводилось через 3, 6, 12 месяцев от начала лечения.</p><p>Через 3 и 6 месяцев от начала введения ГК резистентными к лечению оставались более 30% пациентов. У пациентов с положительной динамикой ЭОП уровень TGF-β1 существенно не изменился. У пациентов, резистентных к лечению ГК, уровень TGF-β1 достоверно снизился по сравнению с пациентами с положительной динамикой. Уровень sTNFR1, sTNFα-R2 существенно не изменился. Достоверных отличий уровней антител к рТТГ, тиреоидных гормонов у пациентов резистентных к лечению ГК и с положительной динамикой не отмечено.Иммуносупрессивная терапия высокими дозами метилпреднизолона в режиме пульс-терапии показала высокую эффективностью и хорошую переносимость, при этом часть пациентов остаются резистентными к лечению. Более низкие показатели цитокина TGF-β1 исходно и в процессе лечения позволяют использовать TGF-β1 в качестве биомаркера активности процесса, эффективности лечения и прогноза заболевания. Активация TGF-β1, как фактора роста фибробластов, может способствовать развитию фиброза, косоглазия и диплопии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Current therapeutic approaches to the treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) are based on nonspecific immunosuppression with glucocorticosteroids (GCs) and radiation therapy of the eye orbits. However, some patients exhibit resistance to the treatment. In a previous study, we have detected high levels of soluble cytokine receptors: sTNFα-R1, sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R, and the TGF-β1 cytokine in euthyroid patients with long-lasting non-treated EOP and Graves’ disease (GD). TGF-β1 level was significantly higher in the patients with EOP compared to healthy individuals, and increased with prolonged EOP duration, thus suggesting activation of the factors regulating immune system which promote suppression of the autoimmune process. The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of TGF-β1 and cytokine receptors: sTNFα-R1, sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R in the course of immunosuppressive therapy with high doses of GCs, as possible predictors of treatment efficacy. The study included 49 patients (98 eye orbits) with GD of euthyroid state and subclinical thyrotoxicosis, and the persons with EOP in active phase, who had not previously treatment for EOP. Concentrations of TGF-β1 cytokine, sTNFα-RI and sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R, antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (rTSH), free fractions of thyroxine (fT4) and triiodothyronine (fT3), TSH in blood serum were determined in blood serum. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland (ultrasound of the thyroid gland), multi-layer computed tomography (MSCT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits were also performed. The patients were administered immunosuppressive therapy with high doses of HCs (methylprednisolone) in the course of pulse therapy, at a standard dosage of 4500-8000 mg, taking into account the severity and activity of the EOP clinical manifestations. The examination was carried out 3, 6, 12 months after starting the treatment. 3 and 6 months after the GC administration, more than 30% of patients remained resistant to treatment. The levels of TGF-β1 did not change significantly in the patients with positive EOP dynamics. In the patients resistant to GC treatment, the level of TGF-β1 was significantly decreased compared with patients who showed positive clinical dynamics. The level of sNFR1 and sNFaR2 did not change significantly. There were no significant differences in the levels of antibodies to rTSH, thyroid hormones in the patients resistant to GC treatment and with positive dynamics.</p><p>Immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose of methylprednisolone in pulse therapy regimen showed high efficacy and good tolerability, while some patients remain resistant to treatment. Lower levels of TGF-β1 cytokine at initial time and during the treatment allow usage of TGF-β1 levels as a biomarker of the activity of the process, treatment efficiency, and prognosis of the disease. Activation of TGF-β1, a fibroblast growth factor, may contribute to the development of fibrosis, strabismus, and diplopia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Грейвса</kwd><kwd>эндокринная офтальмопатия</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикоиды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Graves’ disease</kwd><kwd>endocrine ophthalmopathy</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>glucocorticoids</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа выполнена в соответствие с планом государственного задания. Регистрационный номер АААА-А20-120011790180-4. 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