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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-IAS-2513</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2513</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Первые и тяжелые случаи гриппа в 2020-2022 гг. и популяционный иммунитет накануне эпидемического сезона</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Initial and severe cases of influenza in 2020-2022 and population immunity prior to epidemic season</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8865-8592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колосова</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosova</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колосова Наталья Петровна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Кольцово, Новосибирская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kolosova Natalia P., PhD (Biology), Leading Research Associate</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolosova_np@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-7688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильичева</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyicheva</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильичева Татьяна Николаевна – доктор биологических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilyicheva Tatyana N., PhD, MD (Biology), Associate Professor, Leading Research Associate</p><p>630559, Novosibirsk Region, Koltsovo.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilicheva_tn@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4573-5783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Святченко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svyatchenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Святченко Светлана Викторовна – младший научный сотрудник</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svyatchenko Svetlana V., Junior Research Associate</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svyatchenko_sv@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-2794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даниленко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даниленко Алексей Владимирович – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danilenko Alexey V., PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danilenko_av@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-1708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онхонова</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Onkhonova</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Онхонова Галина Сергеевна – младший научный сотрудник</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Onkhonova Galina S., Junior Research Associate</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onhonova_gs@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-3498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Ксения Ивановна – старший лаборант-исследователь</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivanova Ksenia I., Senior Research Laboratory Assistant</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kiivanova81@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9718-7339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслопаров</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Susloparov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суслопаров Иван Михайлович – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Susloparov Ivan M., PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">imsous@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7009-0748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжиков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhikov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыжиков Александр Борисович – кандидат биологических наук, заведующий отделом</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ryzhikov Alexander B., PhD (Biology), Head of Department</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryzhik@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии “Вектор”» Роспотребнадзора<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1219</fpage><lpage>1226</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колосова Н.П., Ильичева Т.Н., Святченко С.В., Даниленко А.В., Онхонова Г.С., Иванова К.И., Суслопаров И.М., Рыжиков А.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колосова Н.П., Ильичева Т.Н., Святченко С.В., Даниленко А.В., Онхонова Г.С., Иванова К.И., Суслопаров И.М., Рыжиков А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolosova N.P., Ilyicheva T.N., Svyatchenko S.V., Danilenko A.V., Onkhonova G.S., Ivanova K.I., Susloparov I.M., Ryzhikov A.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2513">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2513</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – анализ популяционного иммунитета к гриппу и молекулярно-генетическое исследование вирусов гриппа, выявленных в Российской Федерации в 2020-2022 гг. Исследовано 1344 образца сыворотки крови, собранных накануне эпидсезона 2021-2022 гг. в Сибирском, Южном, Дальневосточном, Приволжском, Уральском федеральных округах. К вакцинному штамму A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1) pdm09 положительных образцов было от 25% до 31% в четырех ФО и 8% в Дальневосточном ФО. К штамму A/Cambodia/e0826360/2020 (H3N2) было от 24% до 37% положительных образцов. Наиболее низкий популяционный иммунитет был к вакцинному штамму вируса гриппа B/Washington/02/2019 (линия Виктория), не выше 10% положительных образцов во всех регионах сбора. С началом пандемии COVID-19 (март 2020 г.) в мире резко снизилась циркуляция всех сезонных респираторных вирусов, за исключением риновирусов. В 2020-2022 гг. активность гриппа была значительно ниже межсезонных норм, с очень низким уровнем выявления вирусов гриппа А и/или В. С марта 2020 г. по июнь 2021 г. нами было выявлено 6 вирусов гриппа В/Victoria от спорадических случаев заболевания гриппом. С июня 2021 г. по конец февраля 2022 в ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора поступил 901 образец, положительный на наличие РНК вируса гриппа А(H3N2), 2 образца положительных на РНК вируса А(H1N1) pdm09, 17 образцов положительных на грипп В. Все исследованные вирусы A(H3N2) принадлежали к субкладе 3С.2a1b.2a2 (группа Бангладеш). Два выявленных вируса гриппа А(H1N1) pdm09 относились к кладе 6В.1А.5а. Вирусы гриппа В относились к генетической линии B/Victoria и принадлежали к субкладе 1А.3а2. Геномы всех выявленных вирусов не содержали мутации в гене NA, ответственные за лекарственную устойчивость к ингибиторам нейраминидазы, или мутации в гене РА, ответственные за лекарственную устойчивость к балоксавиру. Все тестированные флуоресцентным методом штаммы были чувствительны к антинейраминидазным препаратам озелтамивиру и занамивиру. В мире устойчивые к антинейраминидазным препаратам изоляты вируса гриппа выявляются не чаще, чем в 1-2% случаев, поэтому озелтамивир и занамивир остаются эффективным средством для лечения сезонного гриппа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the present work was to evaluate population immunity to influenza and molecular genetic analysis of influenza viruses detected in the Russian Federation over 2020-2022. In this study, 1344 samples of blood serum collected prior to the 2021-2022 flu season in Siberian, Southern, Far Eastern, Volga and Ural Federal Districts were studied. Seropositivity to the A/Victoria/2570/2019 vaccine strain (H1N1) pdm09 was detected in 25% to 31% of samples from the four federal districts, and in 8% of samples from the Far Eastern Federal District. Seropositivity to the A/Cambodia/e0826360/2020 strain (H3N2) was detected in 24% to 37% of the samples. The lowest population immunity was revealed to the influenza B/Washington/02/2019 vaccine strain (Victoria lineage), with &lt; 10% of serum samples reactive to the studied strain. Since March 2020, the worldwide turnover of all seasonal respiratory viruses has sharply decreased, except of rhinoviruses. From March 2020 to June 2021, we have identified six B/Victoria influenza viruses from sporadic cases of influenza. From June 2021 to the end February 2022, the State Research Center “Vector” received 901 samples positive for influenza A(H3N2) virus RNA, two specimens positive for A(H1N1) pdm09 virus RNA, and 17 samples positive for influenza B. All studied A(H3N2) viruses belonged to the 3C.2a1b.2a2 subclade (Bangladesh group). The two verified A(H1N1) pdm09 influenza viruses belonged to the 6B.1A.5a clade. All studied influenza B viruses were assigned to the B/Victoria genetic lineage, and to 1A.3a2 subclade. The genomes of all identified viruses did not contain mutations of the NA gene responsible for drug resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors, or mutations in РA gene responsible for baloxavir resistance. All viruses tested by fluorescence assay were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. The worldwide frequency of influenza isolates resistant to antineuraminidase drugs does not exceed 1-2% of cases. Hence, oseltamivir and zanamivir provide effective treatment for seasonal influenza.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сезонные вирусы гриппа</kwd><kwd>популяционный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>реакция торможения гемагглютинации</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетический анализ</kwd><kwd>чувствительность к антинейраминидазным ингибиторам</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>influenza viruses</kwd><kwd>seasonal</kwd><kwd>population immunity</kwd><kwd>hemagglutination inhibition reaction</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic analysis</kwd><kwd>neuraminidase inhibitors</kwd><kwd>sensitivity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Роспотребнадзор</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Rospotrebnadzor</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демидов А. 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