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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-TGA-2500</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2500</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аспекты вилочковой железы детского возраста: морфофункциональные реципрокные связи тимуса и нервно-эндокринной системы, и в частности с гормонами соматотропной оси</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thymic gland aspects in childhood: morpho-functional reciprocal relationships betwen thymus, nervous and endocrine system, in particular, with the somatotrophic axis hormones</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миняйлова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minyailova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры педиатрии и неонатологии.</p><p>650000, Кемерово, ул. Орджоникидзе, 5, кв. 45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Kemerovo State Medical University.</p><p>5 Ordzhonikidze St, Apt 45 Kemerovo, 650000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ровда</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rovda</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры педиатрии и неонатологии.</p><p>650000, Кемерово, ул. Орджоникидзе, 5, кв. 45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Kemerovo State Medical University.</p><p>5 Ordzhonikidze St, Apt 45 Kemerovo, 650000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9658-5220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ведерникова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vedernikova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведерникова Алена Владимировна – ассистент кафедры педиатрии и неонатологии.</p><p>650000, Кемерово, ул. Орджоникидзе, 5, кв. 45</p><p>Тел.: 8 (929) 351-43-82, (913) 288-17-89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena V. Vedernikova - Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Kemerovo State Medical University.</p><p>5 Ordzhonikidze St, Apt 45 Kemerovo, 650000</p><p>Phone: +7 (929) 351-43-82; (913) 288-17-89</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cmombilla@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалдин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabaldin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории пороков сердца.</p><p>Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Heart Diseases, Research Institute for Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases.</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинчук</surname><given-names>С. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchuk</surname><given-names>S. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой морфологии и судебной медицины.</p><p>650000, Кемерово, ул. Орджоникидзе, 5, кв. 45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head, Department of Morphology and Forensic Medicine, Kemerovo State Medical University.</p><p>5 Ordzhonikidze St, Apt 45 Kemerovo, 650000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмакова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmakova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии и неонатологии.</p><p>650000, Кемерово, ул. Орджоникидзе, 5, кв. 45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Kemerovo State Medical University.</p><p>5 Ordzhonikidze St, Apt 45 Kemerovo, 650000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голомидов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golomidov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по педиатрии.</p><p>Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Deputy Chief Physician for Pediatrics, S. Belyaev Kuzbass Clinical Hospital.</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобыкина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobykina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ординатор по специальности «педиатрия».</p><p>650000, Кемерово, ул. Орджоникидзе, 5, кв. 45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident (Pediatrics), Kemerovo State Medical University.</p><p>5 Ordzhonikidze St, Apt 45 Kemerovo, 650000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сохарев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokharev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент педиатрического факультета.</p><p>650000, Кемерово, ул. Орджоникидзе, 5, кв. 45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Pediatric Faculty, Kemerovo State Medical University.</p><p>5 Ordzhonikidze St, Apt 45 Kemerovo, 650000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кузбасская клиническая больница имени С.В. Беляева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. Belyaev Kuzbass Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Миняйлова Н.Н., Ровда Ю.И., Ведерникова А.В., Шабалдин А.В., Зинчук С.Ф., Шмакова О.В., Голомидов А.В., Лобыкина А.А., Сохарев В.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миняйлова Н.Н., Ровда Ю.И., Ведерникова А.В., Шабалдин А.В., Зинчук С.Ф., Шмакова О.В., Голомидов А.В., Лобыкина А.А., Сохарев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minyailova N.N., Rovda Y.I., Vedernikova A.V., Shabaldin A.V., Zinchuk S.F., Shmakova O.V., Golomidov A.V., Lobykina A.A., Sokharev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2500">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2500</self-uri><abstract><p>Огромной загадкой биологии, медицины (в первую очередь – иммунологии), и в том числе педиатрии, является вилочковая железа (тимус). Сложность изучения заключается в огромном количестве интегральных связей вилочковой железы с другими компонентами иммунной системы, нейроэндокринной, гемопоэтической системами, соединительной тканью, органами (и клетками) обеспечивающих барьерную функцию и т.д. Вычленить из этого континуума функции, непосредственно касающиеся тимуса, или определить конкретное ролевое участие факторов молекулярного уровня (нейропептидов, гормона роста и др.) на иммунную физиологию еще окончательно не решенная проблема. В данном обзоре, посвященном современному состоянию проблемы рассмотрены морфофункциональные взаимосвязи между тимусом, нейроэндокринной системой и, в частности, с гормонами соматотропной оси. Это взаимодействие может проявляться и клиническим полиморфизмом, которое может быть связано с нарушением формообразования (органогенеза) на очень ранней стадии эмбриогенеза; именно, с влиянием семейства генов, определяющих судьбу каждого сегмента эмбриона – Hox-генами (контролирующих экспрессию других функционально взаимосвязанных между собой генов. Ранее было доказано, что продуцируемые тимусом Т-лимфоциты и нейроны головного мозга экспрессируют один и тот же антиген (Thy-антиген), считавшийся до этого момента специфическим антигеном Т-лимфоцитов. Выявлен общий молекулярный «язык» (с помощью медиаторов межклеточного взаимодействия) для обмена сигнальной информацией между клетками, тканями и органами трех указанных систем – регуляторов (нервной, эндокринной, иммунной). Интерес педиатров к этой области знаний связан с определенным пониманием онтогенеза человека от рождения до старости, где тимус основную роль осуществляет в антенатальном периоде и раннем детстве. Основной ряд суждений по данному научному направлению имеет не только теоретический характер, но и важен с практической точки зрения. Поскольку любая критическая инволюция тимуса сопровождается потерей числа генерируемых и экспортируемых клеток, терапия на основе гормонов может стать альтернативной стратегией для восстановления органа, увеличения пролиферации тимоцитов и экспорта зрелых Т-клеток в периферические лимфоидные органы. Появились огромные возможности клинической иммунологии благодаря разработке эффективных гносеологических методов, таких как: генетический нокаут (knock-out), трансгенные модели на животных с переносом стволовых клеток человека, трансплантация гемопоэтических и иммунопоэтических клеток при первичных (ПИД) и вторичных иммунодефицитах, опухолях иммунной системы, аутовоспалительных заболеваниях и, наконец, инфекциях иммунной системы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Thymic gland (thymus) represents a huge mystery for biology, medicine (primarily immunology), including pediatric issues. Complexity of the study is determined by the multiplicity of integral connections of thymus with other components of immune system, neuroendocrine, hematopoietic systems, connective tissue, different organs and cells which provide appropriate barrier function. Discerning the direct thymic function from this continuum, or determining specific role of molecular factors (neuropeptides, growth hormone, etc.) upon the immune physiology represents a problem which is not yet resolved. In this review article dedicated to the current state of the problem, we consider the morphological and functional relationships between thymus, neuroendocrine system and, in particular, with hormones of the somatotropic axis. These interactions may also manifest by clinical heterogeneity which may be associated with impaired morphogenesis (organogenesis) at a very early stage of embryogenesis; namely, under the influence of gene family that determine the fate of each segment of the embryo-Hox genes which control the expression of other, functionally interconnected genes. Previously, T lymphocytes produced by the thymus and brain neurons have been shown to express the same antigen (Thy antigen), which was considered a specific antigen of T lymphocytes. A common molecular language, mediated by the molecules of intercellular interaction, was revealed which is used for the signal exchange between the cells, tissues and organs regulating the three mentioned systems (nervous, endocrine and immune). The interest of pediatricians in this field is associated with definite concept of human ontogenesis, from birth to elderly age, with thymic gland playing the main role, since antenatal period to early childhood. The main line of reasoning in this research area is not only theoretical, but also important from practical point of view. Since any critical involution of the thymus is accompanied by reduced number of produced and exported cells, a hormone-based therapy may be an alternative strategy to restore the organ by increasing thymocyte proliferation, and exporting mature T cells to peripheral lymphoid organs. Great opportunities have been opened in clinical immunology due to development of effective epistemological methods, e.g., genetic knock-out, transgenic animal models with human stem cell transfer, transplantation of hematopoietic and immunopoietic cells in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, immune cell malignancies, autoinflammatory diseases, and, finally, infections of the immune system.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тимус</kwd><kwd>вилочковая железа</kwd><kwd>гормон роста</kwd><kwd>соматотропин</kwd><kwd>нейроэндокринная система</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thymus</kwd><kwd>growth hormone</kwd><kwd>relationship</kwd><kwd>somatotropin</kwd><kwd>neuroendocrine system</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агафонкина Т.В., Меркулова Л.М., Стручко Г.Ю. 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