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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-IIG-2493</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2493</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунологический дисбаланс, генетический полиморфизм ферментов биотрансформации и рецепторы стероидных гормонов в опухоли у больных раком молочной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunological imbalance, gene polymorphism of biotransformation enzymes, and steroid hormone receptors in tumors in breast cancer patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-6719</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushkov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глушков Андрей Николаевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики Института экологии человека.</p><p>Кемерово.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Glushkov - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Research Associate, Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Human Ecology, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Kemerovo.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glushkovan@ihe.sbras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-2340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поленок</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polenok</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поленок Елена Геннадьевна — кандидат фармакологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунохимии Института экологии человека.</p><p>Кемерово.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena G. Polenok - PhD (Pharmacy), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Institute of Human Ecology, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Kemerovo.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5870-7584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeeva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гордеева Людмила Александровна — кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики Института экологии человека.</p><p>Кемерово.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila A. Gordeeva - PhD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Human Ecology, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Kemerovo.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorsib@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-3469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мун</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mun</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мун Стелла Андреевна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики Института экологии человека.</p><p>650065, Кемерово, Ленинградский пр., 10.</p><p>Тел.: 8 (3842) 57-50-79.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stella A. Mun - PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Human Ecology, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>650065, Kemerovo, Leningradsky ave., 10.</p><p>Phone: 7 (3842) 57-50-79.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stellamun@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0053-1752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костянко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyanko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костянко Михаил Владимирович – ведущий инженер кафедры органической химии Института фундаментальных наук.</p><p>Кемерово.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Kostyanko - Leading Engineer, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Kemerovo State University.</p><p>Kemerovo.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kmvksu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0802-9759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонов Александр Витальевич – заведующий отделением опухолей молочной железы.</p><p>Кемерово.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Antonov - Chief, Breast Cancer Department, Kuzbass Clinical Oncology Dispensary.</p><p>Kemerovo.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al0412@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3860-825X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вержбицкая</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verzhbitskaya</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вержбицкая Наталья Евгеньевна – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-патологоанатом.</p><p>Кемерово.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia E. Verzhbitskaya - PhD (Medicine), Clinical Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Kuzbass Clinical Oncology Dispensary.</p><p>Kemerovo.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">verzhbitskaja@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-6980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронина Елена Николаевна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник группы молекулярной генетики.</p><p>Новосибирск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Voronina - PhD (Biology), Research Fellow, Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Novosibirsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voronina_l@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5526-2687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колпинский</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolpinskiy</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колпинский Глеб Иванович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры лучевой диагностики, лучевой терапии и онкологии.</p><p>Кемерово.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gleb I. Kolpinskiy - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kemerovo State Medical University.</p><p>Kemerovo.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Glebss@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр угля и углехимии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кузбасский клинический онкологический диспансер имени М.С. Раппопорта<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kuzbass Clinical Oncology Dispensary<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>765</fpage><lpage>778</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глушков А.Н., Поленок Е.Г., Гордеева Л.А., Мун С.А., Костянко М.В., Антонов А.В., Вержбицкая Н.Е., Воронина Е.Н., Колпинский Г.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глушков А.Н., Поленок Е.Г., Гордеева Л.А., Мун С.А., Костянко М.В., Антонов А.В., Вержбицкая Н.Е., Воронина Е.Н., Колпинский Г.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glushkov A.N., Polenok E.G., Gordeeva L.A., Mun S.A., Kostyanko M.V., Antonov A.V., Verzhbitskaya N.N., Voronina E.N., Kolpinskiy G.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2493">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2493</self-uri><abstract><p>Известно, что эффективность гормональной терапии рака молочной железы (РМЖ) зависит от наличия в ткани опухоли рецепторов эстрадиола и прогестерона (ER и PR). Экспрессия стероидных рецепторов снижается при прогрессии РМЖ. Механизмы конверсии ER+/PR+ опухолей молочной железы в ER+/PR- и ER-/PR- остаются неизвестными. Очевидно, снижение экспрессии стероидных рецепторов зависит от действия генотоксических метаболитов химических канцерогенов окружающей среды (в частности бензо[а]пирена, Bp) и эндогенных стероидных гормонов (в частности эстрадиола, E2), образование которых регулируется ферментами биотрансформации. С другой стороны, образование аддуктов генотоксических метаболитов с ДНК может индуцировать синтез специфических антител. Ранее было показано, что превышение уровней сывороточных антител класса А против Bp и E2 над уровнями антител против прогестерона (IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg &gt; 1 и IgA-E2/ IgA-Pg &gt; 1), обозначенное как иммунологический дисбаланс, ассоциировано с высоким риском возникновения РМЖ.</p><p>Цель исследования — выявить предполагаемые ассоциации конверсии ER+/PR+ опухолей в ER+/ PR- и ER-/PR- с иммунологическим дисбалансом у больных РМЖ с различными генетическими вариантами ферментов биотрансформации: CYP1A1*2A (rs4646903), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP19A1 (rs2470152), GSTT1 (del), GSTP1 (rs1695).</p><p>Исследование IgA-Bp, IgA-E2 и IgA-Pg в сыворотке крови 1321 некурящей женщины с диагнозом РМЖ проводили с помощью неконкурентного твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. Конъюгаты Bp, E2 и Pg с бычьим сывороточным альбумином использовали в качестве адсорбированных на пластике антигенов и меченные пероксидазой хрена козьи антитела против IgA — для проявления связавшихся с гаптенами антител. Генетические полиморфизмы ферментов биотрансформации исследовали с помощью ПЦР в режиме реального времени. Наличие в ткани опухоли ER и PR определяли с помощью стандартного иммуно-гистохимического анализа.</p><p>У больных РМЖ I стадии (N = 534) ER+/PR+ опухоли обнаружены в 68,7% случаев, ER+/PR- в 15,6%, ER-/PR- в 15,7%. У больных II-IV стадий (N = 787) частота ER+/PR+ опухолей снижалась до 60,2%, частота ER+/PR- не изменялась (15,8%), частота ER-/PR- возрастала до 24,0% (p &lt; 0,0001). Такие изменения статуса стероидных рецепторов имели место только у больных с высокими значениями индивидуальных соотношений IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg &gt; 1 и IgA-E2/IgA-Pg &gt; 1 (p &lt; 0,001). У больных с низкими значениями указанных соотношений не было разницы между I и II-IV стадиями по удельному весу ER+/PR+, ER+/PR- и ER-/PR- (p = 0,28).</p><p>У гомозигот TT CYP19A1 частота ER+/PR+ опухолей при I стадии была выше (77,1%), чем при II-IV стадиях (60,1%). Соответственно у больных II-IV стадий повышалась частота ER-/PR- опухолей (с 11,8% до 26,1%, p &lt; 0,001). У носителей генотипа GSTT1 «+» ER+/PR+ опухоли обнаружены в 68,7% при I стадии и в 58,6% при II-IV стадиях, соответственно ER-/PR- обнаружены в 16,6% и в 24,5% случаев (p &lt; 0,004). У гомозигот GG GSTP1 ER+/PR+ опухоли обнаружены в 57,1% при I стадии и в 60,7% при II-IV стадиях, частота ER+/PR- опухолей была ниже (14,3% против 20,2%), а ER-/PR- — выше (28,6% против 19,0%, p &lt; 0,001). Удельный вес низких или высоких значений соотношений IgA-Bp/ IgA-Pg и IgA-E2/IgA-Pg был одинаковым при любом генотипе исследованных генов.</p><p>Таким образом, конверсия стероидных рецепторов опухоли у больных РМЖ независимо ассоциирована с иммунологическим дисбалансом и с полиморфизмом некоторых генов ферментов биотрансформации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It is well known that results of breast cancer (BC) hormonal therapy depend on expression of tumor estradiol and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) in tumor tissue. Mechanisms of ER+/PR+ tumors conversion to ER+/PR- and ER-/PR- tumors remain scarcely studied. The decrease of steroid receptors expression seems to depend on action of genotoxic metabolites of environmental carcinogens (particularly, benzo[a]pyrene, BP) and endogenous steroids (in particular, estradiol, E2). The formation of these metabolites is regulated by the biotransformation enzymes. On the other hand, the formation of DNA-adducts with genotoxic metabolites may induce the synthesis of specific antibodies. Previously, it was shown that increase of the serum IgA-antibodies levels against Bp and E2 over the levels of IgA-antibodies against progesterone (IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg &gt; 1 and IgA-E2/IgA-Pg), could be interpreted as immunological imbalance associated with high BC risk in healthy women. The purpose of this study was to detect the suggested associations between ER+/PR+ tumors conversion to ER+/PR+ and ER-/PR- tumors and immunological imbalance in the BC patients with distinct gene variants of biotransformation enzymes: CYP1A1*2A (rs 4646903), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP19A1 (rs2470152), GSTT1 (del), GSTP1 (rs1695). The IgA-Bp, IgA-E2 and IgA-Pg were studied in 1321 non-smoking BC patients by non-competitive solid phase immunoassay. The conjugates of Bp, E2 and Pg with bovine serum albumin were adsorbed as target antibodies. The goat antibodies against human IgA conjugated with horseradish peroxidase were used for detection of the studied specific antibodies. Gene polymorphisms of biotransformation enzymes were analyzed by the real-time PCR. Tumor ER and PR were detected by the standard immunohistochemical methods.</p><p>ER+/PR+ tumors in BC patients at the stage I (N = 534) were found in 68.7%, ER+/PR- in 15.6%, ER-/ PR- in 15.7%. In BC patients at the II-IV stage (N = 787), frequency of ER+/PR+ tumors decreased to 60.2%, ER+/PR- was similar (15.8%), and ER-/PR- increased to 24.0% (p &lt; 0.0001). These alterations were revealed in BC patients at the IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ratios &gt; 1, and IgA-E2/IgA-Pg &gt; 1 only. There were no differences found between BC patients at stage I and II-IV at the ER+/PR+, ER+/PR-, ER-/PR- frequencies when these ratios were low.</p><p>The frequency of ER+/PR+ tumors in homozygotes TT of CYP19A1 was 77.1% at the I stage and 60.1% at the II-IV stages. Respectively the frequencies of ER-/PR- tumors were 11.8% and 26.1% (p &lt; 0.001). ER+/ PR+ tumors were revealed in GSTT1 “+” BC patients at the I stage in 68.7% and at the II-IV stages in 58.0%. Respectively ER-/PR- tumors were found in 16.6% and 24.5% (p &lt; 0.0004). The frequency of ER+/PR+ tumors was 57.1% in homozygotes GG of GSTP1 at the I stage and 60.7% at the II-IV stages. Respectively the frequencies of ER+/PR- were 14.3% and 22.2% and ER-/PR- were 28.6% and 19.0% (p &lt; 0.001). Proportions of low and high IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg and IgA-E2/IgA-Pg ratios were the same at the any enzyme genotype of studied CYP or GST variants. In conclusion, we have revealed a sufficient contribution of immunological imbalance to the conversion of steroid receptors in breast cancer growth, being independent of several CYP and GST gene polymorphisms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>бензо[а]пирен</kwd><kwd>эстрадиол</kwd><kwd>прогестерон</kwd><kwd>CYP</kwd><kwd>GST</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>benzo[a]pyrene</kwd><kwd>estradiol</kwd><kwd>progesterone</kwd><kwd>CYP</kwd><kwd>GST</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках проекта VI.59.1.1 Программы фундаментальных научных исследований СО РАН (гос. задание № 0286-2022-0008). Авторы благодарят академика Л.И. Иванову за поддержку выбранного направления исследований, а также сотрудников лаборатории иммунохимии Института экологии человека ФИЦ УУХ СО РАН Аносову Т.П., Аносова М.П., Гурова Е.А., Чернокульскую К.С. за техническую поддержку настоящей работы.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глушков А.Н., Поленок Е.Г., Гордеева Л.А., Мун С.А., Костянко М.В., Антонов А.В., Титов В.А., Вержбицкая Н.Е., Вафин И.А. Иммунологический дисбаланс при раке молочной железы и раке легкого у женщин в постменопаузе // Медицинская иммунология, 2018. Т.20, № 6. 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