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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-SOL-2479</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2479</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование локального воспалительного ответа при разных формах хронического полипозного риносинусита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of local inflammatory response in different clinical forms of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варюшина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varyushina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Анатольевна Варюшина – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии.</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Павлова, 12. Тел.: 8 (906) 244-95-19. Факс: 8 (812) 234-94-89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Varyushina Elena A. - PhD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Department of Immunology.</p><p>197376, St. Petersburg,  Acad. Pavlov str., 12. Phone: 7 (906) 244-95-19. Fax: 7 (812) 234-94-89</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenavaryush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безрукова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezrukova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Валерьевна Безрукова – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры оториноларингологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ban_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробейчиков</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobeychikov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Владимирович Воробейчиков – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ban_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эдуард Витальевич Кравченко – аспирант кафедры оториноларингологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Otorhinolaryngology.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ban_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухарева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhareva</surname><given-names>J. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Валерьевна Сухарева – клинический ординатор кафедры оториноларингологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Resident, Department of Otorhinolaryngology.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ban_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афлитонов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aflitonov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Александрович Афлитонов – кандидат медицинских наук, cтарший преподаватель кафедры хирургических болезней, заведующий оториноларингологическим отделением клинической больницы.</p><p>Калининград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Lecturer, Department of Surgical Diseases, Head, Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the Clinical Hospital.</p><p>Kaliningrad</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ban_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симбирцев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simbirtsev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Семенович Симбирцев – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, главный исследователь ГНИИОЧБ Федерального медико-биологического агентства России; профессор кафедры иммунологии Первый Санкт-Петербургский ГМУ имени академика И.П. Павлова.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Science, Chief Research Associate, SRIHPB; Professor, Department of Immunology, First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov MU.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.s.simbirtsev@hpb.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Полифарм, ООО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Polypharm LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. Kant Baltic Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУП Государственный научно-исследовательский институт особо чистых биопрепаратов Федерального медико-биологического агентства России; ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations; First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>539</fpage><lpage>552</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Варюшина Е.А., Безрукова Е.В., Воробейчиков Е.В., Кравченко Э.В., Сухарева Ю.В., Афлитонов М.А., Симбирцев А.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Варюшина Е.А., Безрукова Е.В., Воробейчиков Е.В., Кравченко Э.В., Сухарева Ю.В., Афлитонов М.А., Симбирцев А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Varyushina E.A., Bezrukova E.V., Vorobeychikov E.V., Kravchenko E.V., Sukhareva J.V., Aflitonov M.A., Simbirtsev A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2479">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2479</self-uri><abstract><p>Хронический риносинусит (ХРС) – заболевание, от которого страдают 5-12% взрослого населения в мире. Из всех случаев ХРС, 25-30% составляет хронический полипозный риносинусит (ХПРС). Течение воспалительного процесса в слизистой оболочке носа и околоносовых пазух при ХПРС во многом определяется особенностями местного иммунитета. Цель данной работы – исследовать параметры местного иммунитета при различных формах ХПРС. В работе были изучены концентрации провоспалительных цитокинов интерлейкина-1β (IL-1β) и IL-8, показатели антимикробной функции нейтрофилов в полости носа, проведено гистологическое и иммуногистохимическое исследование полипозной ткани. В исследование включены 4 группы пациентов: контрольная группа практически здоровых людей, пациенты с диагнозом «ХПРС», пациенты с диагнозом «хронический полипозно-гнойный риносинусит» (ХПГРС) и пациенты с диагнозом «ХПРС» с сопутствующей бронхиальной астмой (ХПРС + БА), в том числе с астматической триадой (ХПРС + непереносимость нестероидных противовоспалительных средств + БА). Дифференцировка групп больных проведена на основе клинической картины и тяжести течения заболевания. Концентрации IL-1β и IL-8 в носовом секрете определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА). Функциональную активность нейтрофилов оценивали с помощью лизосомально-катионного теста на мазках со слизистой оболочки нижней носовой раковины. Гистологический анализ биопсий полипозной ткани выполняли на срезах, окрашенных гематоксилином Карацци и эозином. Локализацию IL-1β и IL-8 в полипозной ткани исследовали методом непрямой иммуногистохимии.Во всех группах пациентов концентрации IL-1β и IL-8 превышали показатели в контрольной группе. Уровни IL-1β в группах с ХПГРС, ХПРС + БА повышены по сравнению с группой с ХПРС. В то же время концентрации IL-8 у пациентов в группах с ХПРС и ХПГРС превышают эти показатели в группе с ХПРС + БА. Показатели антимикробной функции нейтрофилов при ХПГРС и ХПРС + БА снижены по сравнению с контрольной группой и ХПРС. При всех формах ХПРС наблюдается комплекс патогистологических изменений, включающий лейкоцитарную инфильтрацию, фиброз, отек и отложения коллагена. Кроме того, при полипозе нарушается целостность эпителиального слоя, происходит его метаплазия, усиливается продукция слизи. Наиболее значительные патоморфологические изменения происходят при ХПРС + БА, в особенности, при астматической триаде. По результатам иммуногистохимического исследования, при различных формах ХПРС IL-1β- и IL-8позитивные лейкоциты, преимущественно макрофаги, детектируются в полипозной ткани как субэпителиально, так и в соединительнотканной строме полипа. Изменения концентраций провоспалительных цитокинов в носовом секрете больных, показателей антимикробной активности нейтрофилов слизистой оболочки и характерные патоморфологические изменения в ткани полипов при ХПРС связаны с тяжестью воспалительного процесса и клинической картиной заболевания. Полученные результаты имеют существенное значение для понимания механизмов патогенеза в различных подгруппах ХПРС, оценки тяжести заболевания и эффективности лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects 5-12% of the world’s adult population. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) accounts for 25-30% of all cases of CRS. CRSwNP-associated inflammatory process in nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses depends on the characteristics of local immunity, including expression of a number of cytokines. The aim of this work was to investigate the parameters of local immunity in various clinical forms of CRSwNP. In this work, the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-8, antimicrobial function of neutrophils from the nasal cavity was evaluated, along with histological and immunohistochemical studies of polyposis tissue. The study included 4 groups of patients: a control group of practically healthy individuals, patients with CRSwNP, clinical cases with chronic purulent rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps (CPRSwNP), and patients with CRSwNP complicated by bronchial asthma (CRSwNP + BA), including the cases with asthmatic triad (CRSwNP + intolerance to NSAIDs + BA). The patients were classified on the basis of their clinical characteristics and severity of the course of the disease. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-8 concentrations in nasal secretions were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To assess functional activity of neutrophils, a lysosomal cationic test was used on the smears from mucous surface of inferior turbinate. Histological examination of the polypous tissue biopsies was performed in slices stained with Carazzi’s hematoxylin and eosin. IL-1β and IL-8 location in the polypous tissue were detected by indirect immunohistochemistry. In all groups of the patients, IL-1β and IL-8 concentrations exceeded those in the control group. The levels of IL-1β in the groups with CPRSwNP, CRSwNP + BA were significantly increased as compared with the CRSwNP group. IL-8 concentrations in the CRSwNP and CPRSwNP groups were significantly higher than in the CRSwNP + BA group. When analyzing antimicrobial function of neutrophils, the decreased average values of cytochemical coefficient were shown in CPRSwNP and CRSwNP + BA groups, compared with the control group and CRSwNP. In all clinical forms of CPMS, complex histopathological changes were observed, including leukocyte infiltration, fibrosis, edema, and collagen depositions. In addition, the integrity of epithelial layer was found to be damaged in polyposis, epithelial metaplasia is detected as well as increased mucus production. These disorders lead to a decrease in muco-ciliary clearance in nasal cavity. The most significant pathomorphological changes occur in CRSwNP + BA, especially in cases of asthmatic triad. According to immunohistochemical data, in various forms of CRSwNP, IL-1β- and IL-8-positive leukocytes, predominantly macrophages, are detected in the polypous tissue both subepithelially and in the connective tissue stroma of the polyps. Changed concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in nasal secretion of the patients, altered antimicrobial activity of mucosal neutrophils, and characteristic pathomorphological disorders in polypous tissue of patients with CRSwNP are associated with severity of inflammatory process and clinical course of the disease. The results obtained are essential to understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis in various subgroups of CRSwNP, assessing severity of the disease and efficiency of the treatment applied.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический полипозный риносинусит</kwd><kwd>IL-1 β</kwd><kwd>IL-8</kwd><kwd>нейтрофилы</kwd><kwd>лейкоцитарная инфильтрация</kwd><kwd>респираторный эпителий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic polypous rhinosinusitis</kwd><kwd>IL-1 β</kwd><kwd>IL-8</kwd><kwd>neutrophils</kwd><kwd>leukocyte infiltration</kwd><kwd>respiratory epithelium</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова Г.П., Ильинская Е.В., Шабалин В.В. 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