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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/10.15789/1563-0625-CMF-2451</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2451</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клеточные механизмы поддержания фетоматеринской толерантности во время беременности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cellular mechanisms for maintenance of feto-maternal tolerance during pregnancy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8773-0599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевченко Ю.А. – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shevchenko Yu.A., PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shevja80@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назаров К.В. – лаборант-исследователь, лабораториямолекулярной иммунологии</p><p>Новосибирск</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nazarov K.V., Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of MolecularImmunology</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirill.lacrimator@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7366-7768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенников</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sennikov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сенников С.В. – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии</p><p>630099, г. Новосибирск, ул. Ядринцевская, 14Тел.: 8 (383) 222-19-10Факс: 8 (383) 222-70-28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sennikov S.V., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p><p>14 Yandrintsevskaya St. Novosibirsk 630099 Phone: +7 (383) 222-19-10Fax: +7 (383) 222-70-28</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sennikovsv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>253</fpage><lpage>270</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевченко Ю.А., Назаров К.В., Сенников С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевченко Ю.А., Назаров К.В., Сенников С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevchenko Y.A., Nazarov K.V., Sennikov S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2451">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2451</self-uri><abstract><p>Беременность является иммунологическим парадоксом, так как плод, несущий отцовские антигены, представляет собой полуаллогенный трансплантат, который должен отторгаться организмом матери, но в то же время плод полностью защищен от иммунной атаки, что предполагает сложные механизмы фето-материнского взаимодействия. Гормональные, аутокринные и паракринные иммунные сигналы и нейрональные пути играют важную роль в формировании и поддержании беременности. Беременность считается динамичным и активно модулируемым иммунологическим процессом, поэтому каждая стадия беременности, включая имплантацию эмбриона, плацентацию, развитие плода и роды, представлена уникальным иммунным статусом. Изучение механизмов поддержания беременности является жизненно важным для решения проблем невынашивания беременности неясной этиологии. Успешная беременность тесно связана со способностью материнской иммунной системы правильно адаптироваться к каждой конкретной стадии гестации. В данном обзоре рассмотрены основные клеточные популяции, такие как регуляторные подтипы T- и B-клеток, T-хелперные клетки, децидуальные натуральные киллеры, миелоидные супрессоры, эритроидные ядросодержащие клетки, которые обеспечивают фето-материнскую толерантность с помощью различных межклеточных и гуморальных механизмов. Материнские иммунные клетки в плаценте не атакуют клетки плода (трофобласты) из-за толерогенного микроокружения, созданного регуляторными Т-клетками и другими иммунными клетками. Во время беременности каждая субпопуляция Т-хелперных клеток играет ключевую роль в стимулировании развития плода за счет продукции ангиогенных факторов, обеспечивая иммунный надзор и подавляя аберрантные реакции эффекторных клеток против полуаллогенного плода. Накопление миелоидных супрессоров особенно актуально там, где для выживания необходима иммунная толерантность. Децидуальные NK-клетки тесно взаимодействуют с клетками трофобласта и секретируют цитокины, которые способствуют росту, опосредуют дифференцировку, инвазию трофобластов и ремоделирование спиральной артерии. Благоприятное толерогенное состояние в утробе матери предрасполагает новорожденного к тяжелым инфекциям, особенно тем, которые вызваны внутриклеточными патогенами, поэтому толерантность плода может отличаться от других типов толерантности из-за наличия различных клеток-иммуносупрессоров, таких как эритроидные клетки-супрессоры у новорожденных. По мере развития беременности свойства этих клеток динамически изменяются, чтобы своевременно удовлетворить возникающие при беременности запросы. Понимание иммунологических изменений, вызванных беременностью, может не только раскрыть новые терапевтические стратегии для улучшения исходов беременности, но и новые аспекты работы иммунной толерантности, применимые в других физиологических и патологических контекстах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pregnancy is an immunological paradox, since a fetus carrying paternal antigens is a semiallogeneic transplant that should be rejected by the mother’s body. However, the fetus is completely protected from immune attack, thus suggesting some complex mechanisms of feto-maternal interaction. Hormonal, autocrine and paracrine immune signals and neuronal pathways play an important role in the development and maintenance of pregnancy. Pregnancy is considered a dynamic and actively modulated immunological process at each stage of pregnancy, including embryo implantation, placentation, fetal development, and delivery, being represented by a unique immune status. Studying the mechanisms of maintenance of pregnancy is vital to address the problems of miscarriage of unknown etiology. Successful pregnancy is closely related to the ability of the maternal immune system to properly adapt for each distinct stage of gestation. This review considers the main cell populations, such as regulatory subtypes of T and B cells, T helper cells, decidual natural killers, myeloid suppressors, erythroid nucleated cells which provide feto-maternal tolerance via various intercellular and humoral mechanisms. Maternal immune cells in the placenta do not attack fetal cells (trophoblasts) due to the tolerogenic microenvironment created by regulatory T cells and other immune cells. During pregnancy, each subpopulation of T helper cells plays a key role in promotion of fetal development through the production of angiogenic factors, providing immune surveillance and suppressing aberrant effector cell responses against a semi-allogeneic fetus. Accumulation of myeloid suppressor cells is especially relevant, when the immune tolerance is required for survival. Decidual NK cells closely interact with trophoblast cells and secrete cytokines that promote growth, mediate differentiation, trophoblast invasion, and remodeling of the spiral arteries. The favorable tolerogenic state in utero predisposes the newborn to severe infections, especially those caused by intracellular pathogens. Hence, the fetal tolerance may differ from other types of tolerance due to the presence of various immunosuppressive cells, such as erythroid suppressor cells in newborns. In the course of pregnancy, the properties of these cells change dynamically in order to meet the demands that arise during pregnancy in a timely manner. Understanding the immunological changes induced by pregnancy may not only reveal new therapeutic strategies to improve pregnancy outcomes, but also highlight new aspects of how the immune tolerance works being applicable in other physiological and pathological contexts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>эритроидные клетки</kwd><kwd>толерантность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>fetal-maternal tolerance</kwd><kwd>haplo-allogeneic fetus</kwd><kwd>erythroid cells</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 21-15-00087, https:// rscf.ru/project/21-15-00087/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цырлова И.Г., Чеглякова В.В., Козлов В.А. 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