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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-HIA-2168</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2421</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛЫ ФОРУМА "ДНИ ИММУНОЛОГИИ В СПБ" 2021</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ГЕРПЕСВИРУСНЫЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ И КЛИНИКОИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРИ БОЛЕЗНИ АЛЬЦГЕЙМЕРА С РАННИМ НАЧАЛОМ И БОЛЕЗНИ АЛЬЦГЕЙМЕРА С ПОЗДНИМ НАЧАЛОМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS AND CLINICAL-IMMUNOLOGIC INTERACTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малашенкова</surname><given-names>И. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malashenkova</surname><given-names>I. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., начальник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии и вирусологии, 123182, Москва, площадь Академика Курчатова, 1;</p><p>ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатория клинической иммунологии, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology, 123182, Moscow, Acad. Kurchatov sq., 1;</p><p>Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malashenkova.irina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огурцов</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogurtsov</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии и вирусологии, 123182, Москва, площадь Академика Курчатова, 1;</p><p>научный сотрудник лаборатория клинической иммунологии, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Research Associate at Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology, 123182, Moscow, Acad. Kurchatov sq., 1;</p><p>Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крынский</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krynskiy</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии и вирусологии, </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайлов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khailov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник ресурсного центра молекулярной и клеточной биологии, </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Resource Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селезнева</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selezneva</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела гериатрической психиатрии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Leading Research Associate, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Я. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>Ya. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела гериатрической психиатрии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела гериатрической психиатрии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колыхалов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolykhalov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник отдела гериатрической психиатрии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Chief Research Associate, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая отделом гериатрической психиатрии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дидковский</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Didkovsky</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией клинической иммунологии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology,</p><p>123182, Moscow, Acad. Kurchatov sq., 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»;&#13;
ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины ФМБА России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”;&#13;
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины ФМБА России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>805</fpage><lpage>812</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малашенкова И.К., Огурцов Д.П., Крынский С.А., Хайлов Н.А., Селезнева Н.Д., Федорова Я.Б., Пономарева Е.В., Колыхалов И.В., Гаврилова С.И., Дидковский Н.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малашенкова И.К., Огурцов Д.П., Крынский С.А., Хайлов Н.А., Селезнева Н.Д., Федорова Я.Б., Пономарева Е.В., Колыхалов И.В., Гаврилова С.И., Дидковский Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malashenkova I.K., Ogurtsov D.P., Krynskiy S.A., Khailov N.A., Selezneva N.D., Fedorova Y.B., Ponomareva E.V., Kolykhalov I.V., Gavrilova S.I., Didkovsky N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2421">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2421</self-uri><abstract><p>Болезнь Альцгеймера (БА) – в настоящее время наиболее частая причина деменции. Значительная роль в патогенезе БА принадлежит активации механизмов врожденного иммунного ответа ЦНС и нейровоспалению. Существует гипотеза, что в развитии и поддержании воспалительной реакции на ранних стадиях БА могут иметь значение хронические инфекции. Целью настоящего исследования являлось изучение частоты выявления и уровня ДНК герпесвирусов, а также их возможной связи с уровнем основных цитокинов врожденного и адаптивного иммунного ответа и с клиническими показателями при БА у больных с ранним и поздним началом заболевания. В исследование вошли 30 больных БА на стадии умеренной деменции и 33 здоровых добровольца. Количественное определение ДНК герпесвирусов (CMV, EBV, HHV-6, HHV-7) в слюне и в крови проводили методом ПЦР с гибридизационно-флуоресцентной детекцией в режиме «реального времени». Уровень цитокинов и растворимого антагониста IL-1β (IL-1ra) в крови определяли методом ИФА. Герпесвирусную инфекцию с повышенной вирусной нагрузкой определяли, учитывая предыдущие данные, полученные авторами, при наличии хотя бы одного из 2 критериев: 1) уровень ДНК вирусов EBV и/или HHV-6 более 10 000 копий/мл в слюне; 2) наличие ДНК хотя бы одного из вирусов EBV, HHV-6, HHV-7 в крови. Выявлено, что при раннем начале достоверно чаще обнаруживался HHV-6 в слюне и крови, а при позднем – EBV в слюне. При раннем начале в подгруппе больных с повышенной вирусной нагрузкой было достоверно более выраженное повышение уровней ряда основных цитокинов: провоспалительных цитокинов IL-8 и IL-12p40p70, цитокина Th2-звена адаптивного иммунного ответа IL-4, цитокина адаптивного иммунного ответа IL-2, хотя уровень противовоспалительного белка IL-1ra был достоверно ниже, чем в контрольной группе. Учитывая отсутствие выраженного роста уровня основного цитокина Th1-звена адаптивного ответа IFNγ, эти изменения могут свидетельствовать о нарушении реакций противовирусной защиты, с активацией системного воспаления и Th2- звена иммунитета. Также при раннем начале повышенная вирусная нагрузка была связана с более низкими баллами Бостонского теста называния, отражающего сохранность номинативной функции речи. Представленные результаты свидетельствуют, что при исследованиях механизмов БА и поиске прогностических маркеров болезни важным является учет неоднородности заболевания по генетическим факторам предрасположенности, факторам риска, особенностям иммунитета и клиническим данным, что необходимо для последующей разработки персонализированных подходов к профилактике и лечению БА. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently the most common cause of dementia. A significant role in the pathogenesis of AD belongs to the activation of the mechanisms of neuroinflammation. There is a hypothesis that chronic infections may play a role in the maintenance of the inflammatory response in AD. The aim of this work was to study the detection rate and DNA level of herpesviruses, as well as their possible relationship with the level of the key cytokines and with clinical parameters of AD in patients with early and late onset. 30 patients with AD and 33 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The quantitative determination of DNA of CMV, EBV, HHV-6, HHV-7 was carried out by PCR. The level of cytokines and soluble IL-1β antagonist (IL-1ra) in the blood was determined by ELISA. Herpesvirus infection with increased viral load was determined if at least one of the criteria was present: 1) DNA level of EBV and/or HHV-6 &gt; 10,000 copies/ml in saliva; 2) presence of DNA of at least one of the EBV, HHV-6, HHV-7 viruses in the blood. In the subgroup of patients with early onset and increased viral load, there was a higher increase in the levels of a number of cytokines: proinflammatory IL-8 and IL-12, a Th2-cytokine IL-4, a cytokine of the adaptive immune response IL-2. However, the level of the anti-inflammatory protein IL-1ra was lower than in the controls. These changes may indicate a dysregulation of the antiviral response, with a predominance of activation of systemic inflammation and Th2-mediated reactions. Also, in early onset AD the increased viral load was associated with lower scores on Boston naming test. The results indicate that in studies of AD mechanisms and in the search for prognostic markers of the disease, it is important to take into account the heterogeneity of AD in terms of genetic predisposition factors, risk factors, immune parameters and clinical data. Such approach is necessary for the subsequent development of personalized approaches to the prevention and treatment of AD. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>Бостонский тест называния</kwd><kwd>aMCI</kwd><kwd>EBV</kwd><kwd>HHV-6</kwd><kwd>HHV-7</kwd><kwd>IFNγ</kwd><kwd>MMSE</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>aMCI</kwd><kwd>Boston naming test</kwd><kwd>EBV</kwd><kwd>HHV-6</kwd><kwd>HHV-7</kwd><kwd>IFNγ</kwd><kwd>MMSE</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was conducted as a part of the State Assignment of the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alzheimer’s Association. 2017 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. 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