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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-HBD-2384</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2384</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка экспрессии гена β-дефенсина-3 человека в слизистой оболочке ЛОР-органов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Human β-defensin-3gene expression in mucosa of ORL organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-0499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тырнова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyrnova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тырнова Елена Валентиновна — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лабораторно-диагностического отдела.</p><p>190013, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бронницкая, 9.</p><p>Тел.: 8 (812) 710-17-55.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Tyrnova - PhD, MD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Research Institute of Ear, Nose, Throat and Speech.</p><p>190013, St. Petersburg, Bronnitskaya str., 9.</p><p>Phone: 7 (812) 710-17-55.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">7101755@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2886-7389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алешина</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleshina</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алешина Галина Матвеевна — доктор биологических наук, доцент, заведующая лабораторией, отдел общей патологии и патологической физиологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina M. Aleshina - PhD, MD (Biology), Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory, Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleshina.gm@iemspb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янов</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanov</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Янов Юрий Константинович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, главный научный сотрудник.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy K. Yanov - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Main Research Associate, Research Institute of Ear, Nose, Throat and Speech.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">3162256@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт уха, горла, носа и речи Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Nose, Throat and Speech</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>779</fpage><lpage>792</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тырнова Е.В., Алешина Г.М., Янов Ю.К., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тырнова Е.В., Алешина Г.М., Янов Ю.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tyrnova E.V., Aleshina G.M., Yanov Y.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2384">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2384</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования явилась оценка экспрессии гена β-дефенсина-З человека (hBD-3) в поверхностном эпителии слизистой оболочки ЛОР-органов. Исследовали 210 образцов операционного материала, полученных при наиболее частой хирургической патологии 5 анатомо-функциональных областей: нос и околоносовые пазухи, среднее ухо, носоглотка, ротоглотка, гортань. Контролями служили: 1) нижние носовые раковины, 2) нормальная слизистая среднего носового хода. Оценку экспрессии генов hBD-3 и β-актина проводили методом обратной транскрипции и ПЦР в режиме реального времени. В слизистой оболочке носа и околоносовых пазух очень низкая экспрессия выявлена в 14,29-33,33% случаев, наиболее часто в ткани полипов среднего носового хода и решетчатого лабиринта (53,84%), отсутствовала в гипертрофических нижних носовых раковинах. В полости среднего уха частота детекции экспрессии гена hBD-3 варьировала от 7,69% в слизистой суперструктур стремени до 53,85% образцов слизистой при наличии холестеатомы. Экспрессия гена hBD-3 детектирована в большинстве образцов тканей с высоким микробным обсеменением: небные миндалины 100%, гипертрофия аденоидов 84,62%, аденоиды при гипертрофии аденоидов и небных миндалин 87,5%, фиброзно-сосудистые полипы гортани 87,5%, другая патология гортани 77,78% образцов. Самые высокие уровни экспрессии гена hBD-3 выявлены в гортани при фиброзно-сосудистых полипах. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о двух функционально различных типах иммунного ответа слизистой ЛОР-органов. В анатомо-функциональных областях, выстланных мерцательным эпителием (средний и нижний носовые ходы, верхнечелюстные, решетчатые пазухи, среднее ухо) детектированы достоверно низкие частота (точный тест Фишера, p &lt; 0,05 до p &lt; 0,001) и уровни (тест Манна-Уитни, p &lt; 0,05 до p &lt; 0,001) экспрессии гена hBD-3, за исключением ткани полипов среднего носового хода и решетчатого лабиринта и слизистой барабанной полости при холестеатоме, что, возможно, связано с характером патологического процесса. В зонах, выстланных плоским эпителием или сочетанием плоского и реснитчатого эпителиев, экспрессия гена hBD-3 детектирована практически повсеместно и на достоверно более высоких уровнях. В контексте хронического воспаления и связанных с инфекцией заболеваний ЛОР-органов, помимо прямой микробоцидной активности hBD-3 на первой линии защиты, возможно нарушение регуляции пептида и даже неблагоприятные патогенетические эффекты hBD-3: повышенная чувствительность к инфекциям, патологические изменения состава комменсалов, фиброзное ремоделирование.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of present study was to investigate the hBD-3 gene expression in the surface epithelium of mucosa in ORL organs. We have studied a total of 210 mucosal samples, obtained at the most frequent surgical intervantions from 5 different anatomical functional areas: nose and paranasal sinuses, middle ear, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx. The inferior turbinate mucosa (1) and the normal middle nasal passage mucosa (2) served as controls. Estimation of hBD-3 and β-actin gene expression was performed by reverse transcription and realtime PCR. In the nasal and sino-nasal mucosa, only negligible expression levels were detected in 14.29-33.33% of samples, most often in the specimens from the middle nasal passage and ethmoid labyrinth polyps (53.84%), being absent in hypertrophic inferior turbinate. In the middle ear cavity, the frequency detection of the hBD-3 gene expression varied from 7.69% in the stapes superstructures mucosa to 53.85% of the mucosal samples in the presence of cholesteatoma. hBD-3 gene expression was detected in most tissue samples with high microbial contamination: palatine tonsils (100%); adenoid hypertrophy (84.62%); adenoids in hypertrophic states of adenoids and palatine tonsils (87.5%); laryngeal fibrous-vascular polyps (87.5%); other laryngeal pathology (77.78% of the samples). The highest levels of hBD-3 gene expression were found in laryngeal fibrous-vascular polyps. The findings presumed two functionally different types of immune response in mucosa of the ORL organs. In the anatomical-functional areas lined with ciliated epithelium (middle and inferior nasal passages, maxillary and ethmoid sinuses, middle ear), significantly lower frequencies (Fisher's exact test, p &lt; 0.05 to p &lt; 0.001) and levels (Mann-Whitney test, p &lt; 0.05 to p &lt; 0.001) of hBD-3 gene expression were detected, except of polyps of the middle nasal passage and ethmoid labyrinth, and mucosa of the tympanic cavity in cholesteatoma, which may be related to the nature of the pathological process. In the areas lined with squamous epithelium or a combination of squamous and ciliated epithelium, hBD-3 gene expression was detected almost everywhere and at significantly higher levels. In the context of chronic inflammation and infection-related diseases of the ORL organs, in addition to the direct microbicidal activity of hBD-3 as the first line of immune response, one may suggest peptide dysregulation and, even, pathogenetic effects of hBD-3, e.g., increased sensitivity to infections, pathological changes in the composition of the commensal bacteria, fibrous remodeling.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>β-дефенсин-3 человека</kwd><kwd>экспрессия гена</kwd><kwd>аденоиды</kwd><kwd>небные миндалины</kwd><kwd>слизистая носа</kwd><kwd>слизистая околоносовых пазух</kwd><kwd>полипы носа</kwd><kwd>полипы околоносовых пазух</kwd><kwd>хронический средний отит</kwd><kwd>отосклероз</kwd><kwd>гортань</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human β-defensin-3</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>adenoids</kwd><kwd>palatine tonsils</kwd><kwd>nasal mucosa</kwd><kwd>sinonasal mucosa</kwd><kwd>nasal polyps</kwd><kwd>sinonasal polyps</kwd><kwd>chronic otitis media</kwd><kwd>otosclerosis</kwd><kwd>larynx</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабаев С.Ю., Новожилов А.А., Абубакиров Т.Э., Митрофанова Н.Н., Козаренко Е.А., Шахов А.В. 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