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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-ROD-2204</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2204</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль диаминоксидазы в патогенезе хронической крапивницы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of diamine oxidase in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-8300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микрюкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikryukova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующая отделением профилактики и экспертизы профессиональной пригодности поликлиники</p><p>197345, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Оптиков, 54</p><p>Тел.: 8 (812) 702-63-45 (доб. 3331)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head, Department of Prevention and Expertise of Professional Fitness</p><p>197345, St. Petersburg, Optikov str., 54</p><p>Phone: 7 (812) 702-63-45 (acc. 3331)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalya@mikryukov.info</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела лабораторной диагностики ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А. М. Никифорова» МЧС России; профессор кафедры иммунологии ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Research Associate, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, A. Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine; Professor, Department of Immunology, First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctkalin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А. М. Никифорова» МЧС России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А. М. Никифорова» МЧС России; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine; First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>181</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Микрюкова Н.В., Калинина Н.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Микрюкова Н.В., Калинина Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikryukova N.V., Kalinina N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2204">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2204</self-uri><abstract><p>Хроническая крапивница – это полиэтиологическое заболевание с различными иммунологическими и неиммунологическими (псевдоаллергическими) механизмами. Одним из видов псевдоаллергии является пищевая непереносимость, и ее частный случай – синдром непереносимости гистамина, проявляющийся нарушением равновесия между накопленным гистамином и способностью к его деградации. Целью данной статьи было обобщить результаты исследований последних лет, обсудить сложности диагностики данной патологии, которая прежде всего зависит от степени нарушения деградации гистамина под воздействием диаминоксидазы. Диаминоксидаза является основным ферментом, необходимым для разрушения гистамина в кишечнике, и синтезируется апикальными энтероцитами. В работе обращено внимание на причины, приводящие к повышению уровня гистамина не только с поступающей пищей, учитывая разную его концентрацию в одних и тех же продуктах питания, в зависимости, например, от их обработки и хранения, но и с подавлением активности ферментов, необходимых для метаболизма гистамина различными пищевыми добавками, влиянием микробиоты.</p><p>Приведены результаты исследований, в которых определялись уровни гистамина и/или активности диаминоксидазы, меняющиеся в зависимости от соблюдения диеты, что подтверждает ответственность диаминоксидазы за симптомы непереносимости гистамина. Соблюдение диеты у большинства авторов приводило к повышению уровня диаминоксидазы, однако в некоторых исследованиях не выявлено изменения активности этого фермента. Существует ряд работ, в которых оценивались уровни диаминоксидазы у пациентов с истинной аллергией. Также некоторые авторы, помимо соблюдения диеты, оценивали эффективность препаратов, содержащих диаминоксидазу, у пациентов с низкими уровнями данного фермента в сыворотке крови.</p><p>Также исследователи подтверждают высокую долю синдрома непереносимости гистамина среди различных реакций на пищу и говорят о необходимости проведения дифференциальной диагностики с другими неиммуноопосредованными реакциями, в том числе заболеваниями желудочно-кишечного тракта и психосоматическими реакциями.</p><p>Таким образом, все авторы подтверждают необходимость лабораторной диагностики синдрома непереносимости гистамина, так как это не только повысит эффективность соблюдения диеты, но и позволит использовать препараты, содержащие диаминоксидазу, что улучшит качество жизни пациентов. Однако клиническое ведение пациентов по-прежнему продолжается с соблюдением диеты с низким содержанием гистамина.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic urticaria is a polyetiological disease proceeding by various immunological and non-immunological (pseudo-allergic) mechanisms. Food intolerance is a distinct type of pseudo-allergies, manifesting, e.g., with histamine intolerance syndrome, caused by imbalance between the histamine accumulation and the ability to degrade it. The purpose of this article was to summarize results of recent studies, to discuss the difficulties of diagnosing this pathology, which primarily depends on the degree of impaired histamine degradation under the influence of diamine oxidase. Diamine oxidase is the main enzyme required for histamine destruction in the intestines, being synthesized by apical enterocytes. The review draws attention to the reasons leading to increased level of histamine not only with consumed food, given its different concentration in the same food products, depending, for example, on their processing and storage, but also with suppressing activity of the enzymes required for metabolism of histamine by various food additives, by the influence of microbiota. The results of studies in which the levels of histamine and/or diamine oxidase activity were determined, which depend on adherence to the diet confirming the association of diamine oxidase with the symptoms of histamine intolerance. According to most studies, the compliance with diet led to increased level of diamine oxidase. However, in some studies, no changes in the activity of this enzyme were found. There are several studies that have evaluated the levels of diamine oxidase in patients with true allergies. Moreover, some authors, in addition to adherence to the diet, evaluated the effectiveness of drugs containing diamine oxidase in patients with low levels of this enzyme in blood serum. The workers also confirm high proportion of histamine intolerance syndrome among various food reactions, suggesting a need for differential diagnosis with other non-immune reactions, including disorders of gastrointestinal tract and psychosomatic reactions. Thus, all the authors confirm the need for laboratory diagnosis of histamine intolerance syndrome, since this will not only increase the efficiency of dietary adherence, but also substantiate the usage of drugs containing diamine oxidase, which will improve quality of life in these cohorts. However, these patients are still treated with low-histamine diets. The literature data confirm the opportunity of using this histamine degradation enzyme as a biological marker of histamine intolerance syndrome, and recommend its assays for inclusion into the diagnostic algorithm for chronic urticaria.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая крапивница</kwd><kwd>гистамин</kwd><kwd>диаминоксидаза</kwd><kwd>ДАО</kwd><kwd>непереносимость гистамина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic urticaria</kwd><kwd>histamine</kwd><kwd>diamine oxidase</kwd><kwd>DAO</kwd><kwd>histamine intolerance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boehm T., Pils S., Gludovacz E., Szoelloesi H., Petroczi K., Majdic O., Jilma B. Quantiﬁcation of human diamine oxidase. Clin. 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