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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-IPO-2203</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2203</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Увеличение протективности противооспенной вакцины</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Increasing protectivity of the smallpox vaccine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6255-9745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелкунов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelkunov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.б.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>630559, Новосибирская область, р. п. Кольцово</p><p>Тел.: 8 (903) 939-94-80</p><p>Факс: 8 (383) 336-74-09</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Chief Research Associate</p><p>630559, Novosibirsk Region, Koltsovo</p><p>Phone: 7 (903) 939-94-80</p><p>Fax: 7 (383) 336-74-09</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Research Associate</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergeev_ala@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник</p><p>р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergeev_ala@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пьянков</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pyankov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Research Associate</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pyankov_sa@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубицкий</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakubitskiy</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник</p><p>р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yakubitskiy_sn@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии “Вектор”» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>201</fpage><lpage>206</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щелкунов С.Н., Сергеев А.А., Титова К.А., Пьянков С.А., Якубицкий С.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щелкунов С.Н., Сергеев А.А., Титова К.А., Пьянков С.А., Якубицкий С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchelkunov S.N., Sergeev A.A., Titova K.A., Pyankov S.A., Yakubitskiy S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2203">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2203</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время человеческая популяция практически не имеет иммунитета к ортопоксвирусным инфекциям, которые вызывают вирусы натуральной оспы, оспы обезьян, оспы коров, оспы буйволов. С каждым годом на разных континентах регистрируются все более массовые вспышки ортопоксвирусных инфекций среди людей. Для предотвращения перехода таких вспышек в распространенные эпидемии необходимо разрабатывать методы их вакцинопрофилактики. Массовое применение при этом классической живой вакцины на основе вируса осповакцины в настоящее время неприемлемо из-за ее высокой реактогенности. Поэтому необходимо создавать варианты вируса осповакцины со сниженной вирулентностью и с увеличенной иммуногенностью/протективностью. Целью данной работы было изучение протективного эффекта от летальной ортопоксвирусной инфекции, возникающего после иммунизации мышей в низких дозах вариантами вируса осповакцины с мутантным геном A34R, обусловливающим увеличенную продукцию внеклеточных вирионов, или с делетированным геном A35R, белковый продукт которого ингибирует представление антигенов главным комплексом гистосовместимости класса II. Сравнивали штамм LIVP вируса осповакцины, который используется в России в качестве противооспенной вакцины, и созданные на его основе рекомбинантные варианты LIVP-A34R*, LIVP-dA35R и LIVP-A34R*-dA35R при интраназальной или внутрикожной иммунизации мышей линии BALB/c в дозах 105 или 103 БОЕ. Через 28 сут. после введения препаратов вирусов (экспериментальные группы) или физиологического раствора (контрольные группы) у мышей проводили прижизненный забор проб крови из ретроорбитального венозного синуса и в индивидуальных сыворотках крови иммуноферментным анализом определяли уровень вирион-специфичных антител. На 30-е сут. эксперимента мышей заражали вирусом оспы коров в дозе 32 ЛД50, что в контрольной группе приводило к полной гибели мышей на 6-10-е сут. В группах мышей, иммунизированных изучаемыми вирусами в дозе 105 БОЕ, все животные выжили независимо от штамма и способа иммунизации. При внутрикожной иммунизации в дозе 103 БОЕ в группе мышей, иммунизированных исходным вирусом LIVP, выжило 83% животных, а все мутантные штаммы вируса осповакцины обеспечили 100%-ную защиту мышей от последующей инфекции вирусом оспы коров. Интраназальная иммунизация мышей в дозе 103 БОЕ штаммом LIVP защищала от летальной инфекции вирусом оспы коров лишь 33% животных, в то время как мутантные штаммы LIVP-A34R* и LIVP- A34R*-dA35R обеспечили защиту 67%, а штамм LIVP-dA35R – 75% мышей. Изученные мутантные вирусы осповакцины могут рассматриваться не только как новые кандидатные вакцины против оспы и других ортопоксвирусных инфекций человека, но и как векторные платформы для создания живых поливалентных вакцин против других инфекционных заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At the present time, vast majority of human population lacks immunity against orthopoxvirus infections caused by variola (smallpox), monkeypox, cowpox, or buffalopox viruses. More and more mass outbreaks of orthopoxvirus infections are yearly registered among humans on different continents. To prevent transition of these outbreaks to widespread epidemics, we should develop appropriate immunoprophylaxis strategies. Currently, massive usage of the classic live vaccine based on vaccinia virus is not acceptable, due to its high reactogenicity. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the variants of vaccinia virus with reduced virulence and increased immunogenicity/protectivity. The aim of this work was to study protective effects against a lethal orthopoxvirus infection occuring after low-dose immunization of mice with vaccinia virus variants, i.e., carrying mutant A34R gene causing increased production of extracellular virions, or a A35R gene deletion encoding protein product inhibiting antigen presentation by the major histocompatibility complex class II. The LIVP viral strain used in Russia as a smallpox vaccine, and its recombinant variants (LIVP-A34R*, LIVP-dA35R and LIVP-A34R*-dA35R) were compared with intranasal or intradermal immunization of BALB/c mice at the doses of 105 or 103 PFU. 28 days following administration of viral preparations (experimental groups) or saline (control groups), the mice underwent intravital blood sampling from retroorbital venous sinus. The levels of virion-specific antibodies were determined in individual serum samples by enzyme immunoassay. On the day 30 of experiment, the mice were infected with cowpox virus at a dose of 32 LD50, which caused total death of control mice on days 6-10. In the groups immunized with the studied viruses at a dose of 105 PFU, all the animals survived, regardless of strain, or immunization method. Upon intradermal immunization (103 PFU) of mice immunized with the original LIVP virus, 83% of the animals survived, whereas all mutant strains of the vaccinia virus provided 100% protection of the mice from subsequent cowpox virus infection. Intranasal immunization of mice at a dose of 103 PFU with LIVP strain protected only 33% of animals from lethal infection with cowpox virus, while the mutant strains LIVP-A34R* and LIVP-A34R*-dA35R provided 67% protection, and the LIVP-dA35R strain has resqued 75% of the mice. The studied mutant vaccinia viruses can be considered not only new candidate vaccines against smallpox and other human orthopoxvirus infections, but also as vector platforms for creating live multivalent vaccines against other infectious diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус осповакцины</kwd><kwd>вирус оспы коров</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>протективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vaccinia virus</kwd><kwd>cowpox virus</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>protectivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маренникова С.С., Гашников П.В., Жукова О.А., Рябчикова Е.И., Стрельцов В.В., Рязанкина О.И., Чекунова Э.В., Янова Н.Н., Щелкунов С.Н. 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