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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-MCA-2193</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2193</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тучные клетки и триптаза. Современные представления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mast cells and tryptase. Modern aspects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачарадзе</surname><given-names>Д. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Macharadze</surname><given-names>D. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дали Шотаевна Мачарадзе – доктор медицинских наук, профессор факультета непрерывного медицинского образования, Медицинский институт.</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6. Тел.: 8 (495) 787-38-03 (доб. 2001)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Macharadze Dali Sh. - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Medical Institute.</p><p>117198, Moscow, Miklukho-Maclay str., 6. Phone: 7 (495) 787-38-03 (acc. 2001)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dalim_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1271</fpage><lpage>1284</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мачарадзе Д.Ш., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мачарадзе Д.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Macharadze D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2193">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2193</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящем обзоре рассматривается роль тучных клеток (ТК) и уровня триптазы при различных патологических состояниях у детей и взрослых. Приведены основные причины гипертриптаземии, а также перечень наиболее важных стимулов, которые могут вызвать активацию ТК. Основное внимание в своей клинической практике аллергологи должны уделять больным с анафилаксией и с подозрением на синдромы активации ТК. Кроме того, гипертриптаземия (&gt; 20 нг/мл) считается дополнительным диагностическим критерием системного мастоцитоза согласно рекомендациям Всемирной организации здравоохранения. Как правило, уровень триптазы остается постоянно повышенным у большинства больных с системным мастоцитозом, тогда как при острых IgEопосредованных реакциях гиперчувствительности она изменяется. В случаях анафилаксии больному необходимо провести определение концентрации триптазы в первые часы от начала острой аллергической реакции и затем еще через 24-48 час. Даны рекомендации по определению уровня триптазы в сыворотке крови больных (базальная триптаза и пиковая триптаза) и алгоритмы применения этих показателей при различных заболеваниях. В статье дана также оценка пороговых значений триптазы в диагностике анафилаксии, синдромов активации ТК и нового заболевания – альфа-триптаземии. В диагностике наследственного заболевания альфа-триптаземии, а также синдромов активации ТК (первичных и вторичных) следует учитывать клинические проявления у больного и уровень триптазы в динамике. Накопленный опыт позволил экспертам рекомендовать учитывать прежде всего частоту тяжелых аллергических реакций (чаще всего в виде анафилаксий) у больных с подозрением на синдромы активации ТК. Синдром активации ТК характеризуется чрезмерным высвобождением содержимого гранул ТК без признаков клональной пролиферации, что во многих случаях может быть следствием удвоения аллельного гена, особенно гена α-триптазы TPSAB1. Для больных с наследственной альфа-триптаземией наиболее характерны проявления по типу вегето-сосудистой дистонии (ортостатистическая тахикардия), гипермобильность суставов и т.п. Таким образом, определению уровня триптазы (особенно в динамике) следует уделить больше внимания в практике клиницистов. Трудности в интерпретации результатов возникают в случаях, когда ее концентрация остается в пределах нормы (до 11,4 нг/мл), а клинически у пациента имеет место мастоцитоз или синдромы активации ТК. При наличии у пациента в анамнезе анафилаксии, особенно после укуса перепончатокрылых насекомых, следует исключить синдромы активации ТК.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present review considers the role of mast cells (MC) and tryptase levels in various pathological conditions in children and adults. The main causes of hypertryptasemia are presented, as well as a list of the most important stimuli that can cause activation of MC. Cliical allergologists should focus their clinical practice on the patients with anaphylaxia and suspected MC activation syndromes. Moreover, hypertryptasemia (&gt; 20 ng/ml) is considered an additional diagnostic criterion for systemic mastocytosis, according to the WHO recommendations. As a rule, the level of tryptase is constantly elevated in most patients with systemic mastocytosis, whereas it is undergo changes in acute IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. In cases of anaphylaxia, tryptase concentration should be determined in the patients during the first hours following onset of acute allergic reaction, and 24-48 hours later. Recommendations are given for determining tryptase levels in blood serum of the patients (basal and peak values), and algorithms are provided for usage of these indexes in various diseases. The article also provides the assessed threshold values of tryptase when diagnosing anaphylaxia, MC activation syndromes, and a novel disorder – alpha-tryptasemia. In the diagnosis of hereditary alpha-tryptasemia, as well as MC activation syndromes (primary and secondary), clinical manifestations in the patient and time dynamics of tryptase levels should be taken into account. The accumulated experience allowed to consider, first of all, frequency of severe allergic reactions (most often as anaphylaxia) in the patients with suspected MC activation syndromes. The syndrome of MC activation is characterized by excessive release of their granule contents without signs of clonal proliferation, which in many cases may be due to gene allele duplication, especially, TPSAB1 α-tryptase gene. For patients with hereditary alpha-tryptasemia, the most characteristic manifestations are represented by vegetative-vascular dystonia (orthostatic tachycardia), joint hypermobility, etc. Hence, determination of tryptase level (especially in time course) should be given more attention in the practice of clinicians. Difficulties with interpretation of the results arise in cases when tryptase concentration remains within normal range (up to 11.4 ng/ml), and the patient has clinically evident mastocytosis, or MC activation syndromes. If the patient has a history of anaphylaxia, especially after bites of hymenoptera insects, the TC activation syndromes should be excluded.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>системный мастоцитоз</kwd><kwd>синдром активации тучных клеток</kwd><kwd>α-триптаземия</kwd><kwd>триптаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>systemic mastocytosis</kwd><kwd>mast cell activation syndrome</kwd><kwd>α-tryptasemia</kwd><kwd>tryptase</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akin C. Mast cell activation syndromes. J. Allergy Clin. 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