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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-ADO-2192</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2192</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возраст-зависимая дисрегуляция иммунного ответа у человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Age-dependent disregulation of the immune response in humans</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артеменков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemenkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артеменков Алексей Александрович — кандидат биологических наук, доцент, член-корреспондент РАЕН, факультет биологии и здоровья человека.</p><p>Череповец, Вологодская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Artemenkov - PhD (Biology), Associate Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Human Health, Cherepovets State University.</p><p>162600, Vologda Region, Cherepovets, Lunacharsky str., 5.</p><p>Phone: 7 (8202) 51-81-25.  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">basis@live.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Череповецкий государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cherepovets State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1005</fpage><lpage>1016</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Артеменков А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Артеменков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Artemenkov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2192">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2192</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре анализируются данные литературы по вопросу дисрегуляции иммунного ответа при старении организма. Показано, что нарушение врожденного и адаптивного иммунного ответа у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста в условиях распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции является отягощающим фактором течения заболевания и выздоровления. Прослежены нейро-иммуно-эндокринные изменения, возникающие в органах иммунной системы, иммунокомпетентных клетках, молекулах и рецепторных образованиях, участвующих в реализации иммунного ответа организма. Достаточно подробно анализируется дисбаланс оси мозг-кишечник-микробиота, в котором существенную роль отводят изменениям, происходящим в гипоталамо-надпочечниковой системе с участием биогенных нейромедиаторов и нейромодуляторов. Указывается на то, что микробиота кишечника может быть причастна к процессам нейродегенетации за счет токсического действия на мозг через нейро-иммуно-эндокринные и метаболические пути. Представлены данные, говорящие о том, что адреналин, норадреналин, дофамин и серотонин участвуют в дисрегуляции иммунного ответа, что делает этот процесс сходным с изменениями, возникающими в ходе общего адаптационного синдрома и стресс-реакции организма. С другой стороны, в обзоре отмечено, что хронический стресс при старении не только изменяет активность макрофагов, лимфоцитов и дендритных клеток, но и повышает уровень провоспалительных цитокинов в крови, таким образом влияя на проницаемость гематоэнцефалического барьера головного мозга. В статье подчеркивается, что при старении в организме постепенно формируется нейроэндокринный сенсорный путь дисрегуляции иммунного ответа. В этой связи отмечается, что в дисфункции иммунной системы задействованы афферентные нервные окончания и нейроны вагуса, адренергические и пептидергические нервы, влияющие на процессы, происходящие не только в тимусе, но и в головном мозге. Однако очевидно, что формирующийся в высших отделах нервной системы патодинамический «дезадаптирующий контур» также задействован в дисрегуляторных иммунных ответах при старении. Таким образом, в работе сделан вывод о том, что сигнальные сети регуляторных систем организма (нервной, иммунной и эндокринной) тесно взаимосвязаны, на протяжении всей жизни, но при старении и проникновении в организм антигенов это взаимодействие легко нарушается на разных уровнях организации живой материи, и это приводит к дисрегуляции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review article analyzes literature data on the issues of immune response dysregulation during aging. It has been shown that impairment of innate and adaptive immune response in elderly and senile people under the conditions of spreading the new coronavirus infection is an aggravating factor in the course of the disease and recovery. Neuro-immuno-endocrine changes occurring in the organs of immune system, immunocompetent cells, molecules and receptor formations involved into the arising immune response have been traced. The imbalance of the brain-intestine-microbiota axis is considered in sufficient details, where a significant role is attributed to the changes occurring in hypothalamic-adrenal system under participation of biogenic neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. It is shown that intestinal microbiota may be involved into the neurodegeneration events, due to toxic effects on the brain via the neuro-immuno-endocrine and metabolic pathways. The data are presented, which show that adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin are involved in the immune response dysregulation, thus making this process similar to the changes that occur during the general adaptation syndrome and stress response of the body. On the other hand, the review notes that chronic stress during aging not only alters the activity of macrophages, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, but also increases the level of proinflammatory cytokines in blood, thereby affecting permeability of the blood-brain barrier. The article emphasizes that with body aging, a neuroendocrine sensory pathway of immune response dysregulation is gradually formed. In this regard, it is noted that the afferent nerve endings and neurons of the vagus, adrenergic and peptidergic nerves are involved into dysfunction of immune system by affecting the processes occurring not only in thymus, but also in the brain. However, it is obvious that the pathodynamic “dysadapting circuit” formed in the higher compartments of nervous system is also involved in dysregulatory immune responses during aging. Hence, the work concludes that the signaling networks of the body's regulatory systems (nervous, immune and endocrine) are closely interconnected throughout the lifetime, but with aging and penetration of antigens into the body, this interaction is easily disrupted at different levels of organization of living matter, thus leading to dysregulation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммуностарение</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>кишечная микробиота</kwd><kwd>нейроиммуноэндокринные взаимосвязи</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>дисрегуляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune aging</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbiota</kwd><kwd>neuroimmunoendocrine relationships</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>dysregulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артеменков А.А. 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