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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-HDI-2182</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2182</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>HLA генетическое разнообразие русской популяции, выявленное методом секвенирования следующего поколения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HLA diversity in the Russian population assessed by next generation sequencing</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-3314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамаганова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamaganova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Георгиевна Хамаганова — доктор биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией тканевого типирования.</p><p>125167, Moscow, Novy Zykovsky lane. Phone: 7(495) 613-24-76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khamaganova Ekaterina G., PhD, MD (Biology), Head, Laboratory of Tissue Typing.</p><p>125167, Moscow, Novy Zykovsky lane. Phone: 7(495) 613-24-76</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekhamag@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Андреевич Леонов — врач лаборатории тканевого типирования.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonov Evgeniy A., Clinical Resident, Laboratory of Tissue Typing.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leonov.evgeny.kld@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдрахимова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdrakhimova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алена Руслановна Абдрахимова — научный сотрудник лаборатории тканевого типирования.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abdrakhimova Alena R., Research Associate, Laboratory of Tissue Typing.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alena0693@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хижинский</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khizhinskiy</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Станислав Павлович Хижинский — врач лаборатории тканевого типирования.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khizhinskiy Stanislav P., Clinical Resident, Laboratory of Tissue Typing.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">woodos@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гапонова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaponova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Владимировна Гапонова — кандидат медицинских наук, первый заместитель генерального директора.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gaponova Tatiana V., PhD (Medicine), First Deputy Director.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gaponova.t@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерий Григорьевич Савченко — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, генеральный.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Savchenko Valeriy G., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, General Director.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">director@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center for Hematology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>509</fpage><lpage>522</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хамаганова Е.Г., Леонов Е.А., Абдрахимова А.Р., Хижинский С.П., Гапонова Т.В., Савченко В.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хамаганова Е.Г., Леонов Е.А., Абдрахимова А.Р., Хижинский С.П., Гапонова Т.В., Савченко В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khamaganova E.G., Leonov E.A., Abdrakhimova A.R., Khizhinskiy S.P., Gaponova T.V., Savchenko V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2182">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2182</self-uri><abstract><p>Секвенирование следующего поколения позволяет проводить полногенное типирова-ние генов HLA с разрешением на уровне отдельного аллеля. Цель настоящего исследования — изучить частоту и разнообразие HLA-аллелей у доноров гемопоэтических стволовых клеток регистра ФГБУ «НМИЦ гематологии» Минздрава России, самоопределившихся как русские, включая вариации в регионах генов, не типируемых в рутине. В исследование включены 1510 доноров. HLA-генотипирование проводили методом секвенирования следующего поколения. Библиотеки готовили с помощью набора AllType NGS Amplification Kits (One Lambda, США). Секвенирование проводили на платформе MiSeq (Illumina, США). Анализ последовательностей HLA-генов проводили при помощи компьютерной программы TypeStream Visual Software (One Lambda, США), версия V2.0.0.68 и базы данных IPD-IMGT/HLA 3.40.0.1. Частоты аллелей, гаплотипов, соответствия равновесию Хар-ди-Вейнберга определяли с помощью компьютерной программы Arlequin 3.5 методом максимального правдоподобия с использованием алгоритма максимизации ожидания результатов. Выявлено 82 HLA-A аллеля, 156 HLA-В аллелей, 85 HLA-С аллелей с разрешением на уровне 4-го поля. Также определено 45 HLA-DRB1 аллелей и 18 аллелей HLA-DQB1 (с разрешением на уровне 2-3-го полей). Установлено, что доноры регистра ГСК «НМИЦ гематологии», самоопределившиеся как русские, характеризуется значительным разнообразием HLA-аллелей. Об этом свидетельствуют: большое число аллелей каждого HLA-гена; значительный процент аллелей, выявленный только один раз; существенное число новых аллелей, которые отсутствуют в базе данных IPD-IMGT/HLA. Значительным HLA генетическим разнообразием популяция русских обязана аллелям с низкой встречаемостью. От 25% до 32% HLA-аллелей класса I выявлялись только по одному разу. Новые аллели были связаны с единичными нуклеотидными заменами, которые имели место как в экзонах, так и в интронах. Наиболее распространенные HLA-аллели на уровне 4-го поля это: A*02:01:01:01 (27,1%), C*07:02:01:03 (13,1%), A*03:01:01:01 (13,0%), B*07:02:01:01 (13, 0%), A*01:01:01:01 (11,6%) и C*07:01:01:01/16 (10,4%). Установлено, что распространенные HLA-аллели у русских не всегда относятся к распространенным / хорошо документированным аллелям имеющихся каталогов. Полученные в исследовании данные могут быть использованы в качестве референсных для оценки частоты встречаемости HLA-аллелей в русской популяции, для правильной оценки распространенности тех или иных HLA-аллелей при поиске донора для трансплантации аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, а также при проведении изучения ассоциаций HLA-аллелей с различными заболеваниями и при популяционных исследованиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Next generation sequencing is used to determine full-length sequences of HLA genes at the 4-field (allelic) resolution. The study was aimed at determining frequency and diversity of HLA alleles in a cohort of blood donors from the Registry of the National Research Center for Hematology who design ated themselves as Russians (including some not routinely typed variations in HLA gene regions). The studied population consisted of 1510 donors. HLA typing was performed by next generation sequencing. Libraries were performed with AllType NGS Amplification Kits (One Lambda, USA) and sequenced using MiSeq (Illumina, USA). Data analysis used the TypeStream Visual Software V2.0.0.68 (One Lambda, USA) and IPD-IMGT/HLA database 3.40.0.1. Arlequin 3.5 software was used for estimation of allele and haplotype frequencies, deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 82 HLA-A, 156 HLA-В and 85 HLA-С alleles were identified with four-field resolution. 45 HLA-DRB1 and 18 HLA-DQB1 alleles were identified with 2-3-field resolution. Considerable HLA diversity was found among the donors self-designated as Russians: the population had large numbers of distinct alleles at each HLA gene, high percentage of alleles (25-32% of HLA class I) were revealed only once. Sufficient numbers of new alleles were registered which are absent in the IPD-IMGT/HLA database. Considerable allelic diversity in Russian population is due to low-incidence alleles. Despite this diversity, the majority of HLA alleles detected at each locus were common. Significant HLA diversity of the donors was connected with a large number of alleles with rare occurrence. The novel alleles identified in our study differed from the known alleles by single nucleotide substitutions. The most common alleles at the four-field level were as follows: A*02:01:01:01 (27.1%), C*07:02:01:03 (13.1%), A*03:01:01:01 (13.0%), B*07:02:01:01 (13.0%), A*01:01:01:01 (11.6%) and C*07:01:01:01/16 (10.4%). The HLA alleles, which are common for Russian populations, are not always common or well-documented alleles in present catalogues. The data obtained in this study may be used as a reference sample for estimation of HLA allele frequencies in Russian population, for proper frequency evaluation of specific alleles when searching donors for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as for association studies between HLA alleles and different diseases, and for research in population genetics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>HLA</kwd><kwd>аллели</kwd><kwd>разнообразие</kwd><kwd>секвенирование следующего поколения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HLA</kwd><kwd>alleles</kwd><kwd>diversity</kwd><kwd>next generation sequencing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьев Б.В., Зубаровская Л.С., Алянский А.Л., Паина О.В., Боровкова А.С., Кузьмич Е.В., Быкова Т.А., Деев РВ., Исаев А.А. 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