mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-ROS-2160mimmun-2160Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESРезультаты исследования проатерогенных и антиатерогенных факторов иммунитета у лиц, подвергшихся хроническому облучениюResults of studying pro- and anti-atherogenic immune factors in the persons chronically exposed to ionising radiationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4757-7969ОслинаД. С.OslinaD. S.

Дарья Сергеевна Ослина — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационной биологии.

456780, Озерск, Озерское ш., 19. Тел.: 8 (35130) 2-91-30. Факс: 8 (35130) 7-25-50

Darya Sergeevna Oslina, Junior Research Associate, Laboratory оf Radiobiology.

456780, Ozersk, Ozerskoe highway, 19. Phone: 7 (35130) 2-91-30. Fax: 7 (35130) 7-25-50

clinic@subi.suhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-9774РыбкинаВ. Л.RybkinaV. L.

Валентина Львовна Рыбкина — доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией радиационной биологии.

Озерск

Valentina Lvovna Rybkina, PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory оf Radiobiology.

Ozersk

clinic@subi.suhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6954-2674АзизоваТ. В.AzizovaT. V.

Тамара Васильевна Азизова — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий клиническим отделом.

Озерск

Tamara Vasievna Azizova, PhD (Medicine), Head, Clinical Department.

Ozersk

clinic@subi.suФГУП Южно-Уральский институт биофизикиРоссияSouth Ural Institute of BiophysicsRussian Federation202122062021233533540Copyright © Ослина Д.С., Рыбкина В.Л., Азизова Т.В., 20212021Ослина Д.С., Рыбкина В.Л., Азизова Т.В.Oslina D.S., Rybkina V.L., Azizova T.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2160

Известно, что в когортах лиц, подвергшихся воздействию ионизирующего излучения, повышен риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В настоящее время активно исследуется роль иммунной системы в патогенезе атеросклероза. В то же время роль иммуномодулирующего влияния облучения в патогенезе атеросклероза у лиц, подвергшихся облучению, пока недостаточно ясна. Целью данного исследования было изучение влияния ионизирующего излучения на субпопуляции лимфоцитов, играющих роль в патогенезе атеросклероза. Субпопуляции лимфоцитов были исследованы в периферической крови работников, подвергавшихся профессиональному хроническому облучению, и в контрольной группе. В исследование были включены 72 работника российского ядерного предприятия Производственного Объединения «Маяк» (средний возраст 72,1±10,9 лет) и 72 человека контролей (средний возраст 70,7±9,2 лет). Все работники подверглись хроническому сочетанному (внешнему гамма- и внутреннему альфа-) облучению. Средняя суммарная поглощенная в красном костном мозге доза внешнего гамма-излучения составила 0,750±0,699 Гр; средняя суммарная поглощенная в красном костном мозге доза внутреннего альфа-излучения — 0,072±0,092 Гр). Определение относительного и абсолютного количества субпопуляций лимфоцитов (общие Т-клетки, Т-хелперы, Т-цитотоксические, общие В-клетки, NK-клетки и T-NK-клетки) проведено методом проточной цитофлюориметрии. Выявлено, что у лиц, подвергшихся профессиональному хроническому облучению, по сравнению с контролем статистически значимо ниже абсолютное содержание CD3+CD19+ Т-лимфоцитов (1658,8±694,3 х 106/л и 1988,4±1045,4 х 106/л соответственно). Относительное содержание CD3+CD4+Т-хелперов и CD3+CD8+Т-цитотоксических лимфоцитов у лиц, подвергшихся профессиональному хроническому облучению, было статистические значимо выше. Относительное содержание Т-хэлперов у лиц основной группы составило 42,4±8,8%, а у лиц контрольной группы — 35,3±8,7%; относительное содержание Т-цитотоксических лимфоцитов 27,6±9,5% и 23,3±6,5% соответственно. Выявлена статистически значимая отрицательная корреляция абсолютного содержания Т-лимфоцитов с суммарными поглощенными в красном костном мозге дозами внешнего гамма-излучения (коэффициент корреляции г = -0,53565, p = 0,000001) и внутреннего альфа-излучения (коэффициент корреляции г = -0,54804, p = 0,0000006). Наличие корреляционной зависимости от дозы может указывать на связь изменений (снижения абсолютного содержания Т-лимфоцитов) с профессиональным облучением. Полученные данные о повышении относительного содержания хелперов и цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов позволяют предположить, что специфические антигены вызывают усиленный иммунный ответ при развитии атеросклероза у облученных лиц.

It is well established that cohorts of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation exhibit increased risks for cardiovascular diseases. Currently, the role of immune system in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is actively studied. Meanwhile, the immunomodulatory effects of irradiation in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the persons exposed to ionizing radiation still remain unclear. The aim of this research was to study the effect of ionizing radiation upon lymphocyte subpopulations involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in peripheral blood of the workers chronically exposed to occupational combined radiation versus a control group. The study considered 72 workers of the Russian nuclear production facility, the Mayak Industrial Association (mean age of 72.1±10.9 years), and 72 control individuals (mean age of 70.7±9.2 years). All the workers were chronically exposed to combined radiation (external gamma-rays and internal alpha-particles). The mean cumulative dose absorbed by red bone marrow from external gamma-ray exposure was 0.750±0.699 Gy; the mean cumulative absorbed dose to red bone marrow from internal alpha-particles was 0.072±0.092 Gy. The relative and absolute numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations (total T-cells, T-helpers, T-cytotoxic, total B-cells, NK-cells and T-NK-cells) were detected by flow cytofluorometry. The absolute number of CD3+CD19+T-lymphocytes was significantly lower in the individuals exposed to chronic irradiation, compared with the controls (1658.8±694.3 x 106/l and 1988.4±1045.4 x 106/l, respectively). The relative number of CD3+CD4+T-helpers and CD3+CD8+T-cytotoxic lymphocytes was significantly higher in individuals exposed to chronic irradiation. Relative number of T-helpers in the main group was 42.4±8.8% vs 35.3±8.7% in controls; the relative number of T-cytotoxic lymphocytes was 27.6±9.5%, and 23.3±6.5%, respectively. A significant negative correlation was revealed between absolute number of T-lymphocytes and cumulative absorbed doses to bone marrow from external gamma irradiation (correlation quotient r = -0,53565, p = 0,000001) and internal alpha sources (r = -0.54804, p = 0.0000006). This correlation may indicate a relationship between these changes (decreased absolute numbers of T cells) and occupational exposure rates. The increased relative number of T-helpers and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes confirm an assumption that specific antigens may cause an enhanced immune response during the development of atherosclerosis in exposed individuals.

ионизирующее излучениепрофессиональная вредностьсердечно-сосудистые заболеванияатеросклерозиммунитет врожденныйиммунитет приобретенныйionizing irradiationoccupational exposurecardiovascular diseaseatherosclerosisinnate immunityadaptive immunityReferencesАклеев А.В., Овчарова Е.А. Иммунный статус людей, подвергшихся хроническому радиационному воздействию, в отдаленные сроки // Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность, 2007. Т. 52, № 3. С. 5-9.Akleev A.V., Ovcharova E.A. Immune status of people chronically exposed to long term irradiation. Meditsinskaya radiologiya i radiatsionnaya bezopasnost = Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety, 2007, Vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 5-9. (In Russ.)Рыбкина В.Л., Азизова Т.В. Влияние ионизирующего излучения на развитие атеросклероза // Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология, 2016. Т. 56, № 1. C. 44-55.Rybkina VL, Azizova T.V. The effect of ionizing radiation on the development of atherosclerosis. Radiatsionnaya biologiya. Radioekologiya = Radiation Biology. Radioecology, 2016, Vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 44-55. (In Russ.)Шойхет Я.Н., Козлов В.А., Труфакин В.А. Т. 1. Иммунный статус населения в зоне влияния ядерных испытаний // Иммунный статус населения, проживающего в районах экологического неблагополучия. Барнаул: АзБука. 2007. 185 с.Shoikhet Ya.N., Kozlov V.A., Trufakin V.A. Vol. 1. The immune status of the population under the influence of nuclear tests / The immune status of the population living in areas of ecological disadvantage. Barnaul: Azbuka, 2007. 185 p.Azizova T.V., Grigoryeva E.S., Batistatou E., Wakeford R., Liu H., de Vocht F., Agius R.M., McNamee R. An Assessment of Radiation-Associated Risk of Mortality from Circulatory Disease in the Cohorts of Mayak and Sellafield Nuclear Workers. Radiat. Res, 2018, Vol. 189, no. 4, pp. 371-388.Azizova T.V., Grigoryeva E.S., Batistatou E., Wakeford R., Liu H., de Vocht F., Agius R.M., McNamee R. An Assessment of Radiation-Associated Risk of Mortality from Circulatory Disease in the Cohorts of Mayak and Sellafield Nuclear Workers. Radiat. Res, 2018, Vol. 189, no. 4, pp. 371-388.Azizova T.V., Muirhead C.R., Moseeva M.B., Grigoryeva E.S., Vlasenko E.V., Hunter N., Haylock R.G., O’Hagan J.A. Ischemic heart disease in nuclear workers first employed at the Mayak PA in 1948-1972. Health. Phys, 2012, no. 103, pp. 3-14.Azizova T.V., Muirhead C.R., Moseeva M.B., Grigoryeva E.S., Vlasenko E.V., Hunter N., Haylock R.G., O’Hagan J.A. Ischemic heart disease in nuclear workers first employed at the Mayak PA in 1948-1972. Health. Phys, 2012, no. 103, pp. 3-14.Braunwald E. The treatment of acute myocardial infarction: The past, the present, and the future. Eur. Heart. J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care, 2012, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9-12.Braunwald E. The treatment of acute myocardial infarction: The past, the present, and the future. Eur. Heart. J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care, 2012, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9-12.Caligiuri G., Nicoletti A., Zhou X., Tornberg I., Hansson G.K. Effects of sex and age on atherosclerosis and autoimmunity in apoE-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis, 1999, Vol. 145, no. 2, pp. 301-308.Caligiuri G., Nicoletti A., Zhou X., Tornberg I., Hansson G.K. Effects of sex and age on atherosclerosis and autoimmunity in apoE-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis, 1999, Vol. 145, no. 2, pp. 301-308.Centa M., Prokopec K.E., Garimella M.G., Habir K., Hofste L., Stark J.M., Dahdah A., Tibbitt C.A., Polyzos K.A., Gistera A., Johansson D.K., Maeda N.N., Hansson G.K., Ketelhuth D.FJ., Coquet J.M., Binder C.J., Karlsson M.C.I., Malin S. Acute loss of apolipoprotein e triggers an autoimmune response that accelerates atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2018, Vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 145-148.Centa M., Prokopec K.E., Garimella M.G., Habir K., Hofste L., Stark J.M., Dahdah A., Tibbitt C.A., Polyzos K.A., Gistera A., Johansson D.K., Maeda N.N., Hansson G.K., Ketelhuth D.FJ., Coquet J.M., Binder C.J., Karlsson M.C.I., Malin S. Acute loss of apolipoprotein e triggers an autoimmune response that accelerates atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2018, Vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 145-148.Finn A.V., Nakano M., Narula J., Kolodgie F.D., Virmani R. Concept of vulnerable/unstable plaque. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2010, Vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 1282-1292.Finn A.V., Nakano M., Narula J., Kolodgie F.D., Virmani R. Concept of vulnerable/unstable plaque. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2010, Vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 1282-1292.Galkina E., Kadl A., Sanders J., Varughese D., Sarembock I.J., Ley K. Lymphocyte recruitment into the aortic wall before and during development of atherosclerosis is partially l-selectin dependent. J. Exp. Med., 2006, Vol. 203, no. 5, pp. 1273-1282.Galkina E., Kadl A., Sanders J., Varughese D., Sarembock I.J., Ley K. Lymphocyte recruitment into the aortic wall before and during development of atherosclerosis is partially l-selectin dependent. J. Exp. Med., 2006, Vol. 203, no. 5, pp. 1273-1282.Gallino A., Aboyans V., Diehm C., Cosentino F., Stricker H., Falk E., Schouten O., Lekakis J., Amann-Vesti B., Siclari F., Poredos P, Novo S., Brodmann M., Schulte K.-L., Vlachopoulos C., de Caterina R., Libby P, Baumgartner I. Non-coronary atherosclerosis. Eur. Heart J., 2014, Vol. 35, no. 17, pp. 1112-1119.Gallino A., Aboyans V., Diehm C., Cosentino F., Stricker H., Falk E., Schouten O., Lekakis J., Amann-Vesti B., Siclari F., Poredos P, Novo S., Brodmann M., Schulte K.-L., Vlachopoulos C., de Caterina R., Libby P, Baumgartner I. Non-coronary atherosclerosis. Eur. Heart J., 2014, Vol. 35, no. 17, pp. 1112-1119.Godekmerdan A., Ozden M., Ayar A., Gursu M.F., Ozan A.T., Serhatlioglu S. Diminished cellular and humoral immunity in workers occupationaly exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation. Arch. Med. Res., 2004, Vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 324-328.Godekmerdan A., Ozden M., Ayar A., Gursu M.F., Ozan A.T., Serhatlioglu S. Diminished cellular and humoral immunity in workers occupationaly exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation. Arch. Med. Res., 2004, Vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 324-328.Herrington W, Lacey B., Sherliker P, Armitage J., Lewington S. Epidemiology of atherosclerosis and the potential to reduce the global burden of atherothrombotic disease. Circ. Res., 2016, Vol. 118, no. 4, pp. 535-546.Herrington W, Lacey B., Sherliker P, Armitage J., Lewington S. Epidemiology of atherosclerosis and the potential to reduce the global burden of atherothrombotic disease. Circ. Res., 2016, Vol. 118, no. 4, pp. 535-546.Hrycek A., Czernecka-Micinska A., Klucinski P, Badowski R. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and selected serum interleukins in workers operating X-ray equipment. Toxicol. Lett., 2002, Vol. 132, no. 2, pp. 101-107.Hrycek A., Czernecka-Micinska A., Klucinski P, Badowski R. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and selected serum interleukins in workers operating X-ray equipment. Toxicol. Lett., 2002, Vol. 132, no. 2, pp. 101-107.Jonasson L., Holm J., Skalli O., Bondjers G., Hansson G.K. Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque. Arteriosclerosis, 1986, Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 131-138.Jonasson L., Holm J., Skalli O., Bondjers G., Hansson G.K. Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque. Arteriosclerosis, 1986, Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 131-138.Kobiyama K., Ley K. Atherosclerosis. Circ. Res., 2018, Vol. 123, no. 10, pp. 1118-1120.Kobiyama K., Ley K. Atherosclerosis. Circ. Res., 2018, Vol. 123, no. 10, pp. 1118-1120.Koltsova E.K, Garcia Z., Chodaczek G., Landau M., McArdle S., Scott S.R., von Vietinghoff S., Galkina E., Miller Y.I., Acton S.T., Ley K. Dynamic T cell-apc interactions sustain chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis. J. Clin. Invest., 2012, Vol. 122, no. 9, pp. 3114-3126.Koltsova E.K, Garcia Z., Chodaczek G., Landau M., McArdle S., Scott S.R., von Vietinghoff S., Galkina E., Miller Y.I., Acton S.T., Ley K. Dynamic T cell-apc interactions sustain chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis. J. Clin. Invest., 2012, Vol. 122, no. 9, pp. 3114-3126.Konemann S., Bolling T., Malath J. Time and dose-dependent changes of intracellular cytokine and cytokine receptor profile of Ewing tumour subpopulations under the influence of ionizing radiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 2003, Vol. 79, no. 11, pp. 897-909.Konemann S., Bolling T., Malath J. Time and dose-dependent changes of intracellular cytokine and cytokine receptor profile of Ewing tumour subpopulations under the influence of ionizing radiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 2003, Vol. 79, no. 11, pp. 897-909.Kruk M.E., Gage A.D., Joseph N.T., Danaei G., Garcia-Saiso S., Salomon J.A. Mortality due to low-quality health systems in the universal health coverage era. A systematic analysis of amenable deaths in 137 countries. Lancet, 2018, no. 392, pp. 2203-2212.Kruk M.E., Gage A.D., Joseph N.T., Danaei G., Garcia-Saiso S., Salomon J.A. Mortality due to low-quality health systems in the universal health coverage era. A systematic analysis of amenable deaths in 137 countries. Lancet, 2018, no. 392, pp. 2203-2212.Ley K., Miller Y.I., Hedrick C.C. Monocyte and macrophage dynamics during atherogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2011, Vol. 31. no. 7, pp. 1506-1516.Ley K., Miller Y.I., Hedrick C.C. Monocyte and macrophage dynamics during atherogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2011, Vol. 31. no. 7, pp. 1506-1516.Libby P Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature, 2002, no. 420, pp. 868-874.Libby P Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature, 2002, no. 420, pp. 868-874.Lin Z., Qian S., Gong Y., Ren J., Zhao L., Wang D. Deep sequencing of the T cell receptor beta repertoire reveals signature patterns and clonal drift in atherosclerotic plaques and patients. Oncotarget, 2017, no. 8, pp. 9931299322.Lin Z., Qian S., Gong Y., Ren J., Zhao L., Wang D. Deep sequencing of the T cell receptor beta repertoire reveals signature patterns and clonal drift in atherosclerotic plaques and patients. Oncotarget, 2017, no. 8, pp. 9931299322.Little M.P., Azizova T.V., Bazyka D., Bouffler S.D., Cardis E., Chekin S., Chumak V.V., Cucinotta F.A., de Vathaire F., Hall P., Harrison J.D., Hildebrandt G., Ivanov V., Kashcheev V.V., Klymenko S.V., Kreuzer M., Laurent O., Ozasa K., Schneider T., Tapio S., Taylor A.M., Tzoulaki I., Vandoolaeghe W.L., Wakeford R., Zablotska L.B., Zhang W., Lipshultz S.E. Systematic review and meta-analysis of circulatory disease from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation and estimates of potential population mortality risks. Environ. Health Perspect., 2012, no. 120, pp. 1503-1511.Little M.P., Azizova T.V., Bazyka D., Bouffler S.D., Cardis E., Chekin S., Chumak V.V., Cucinotta F.A., de Vathaire F., Hall P., Harrison J.D., Hildebrandt G., Ivanov V., Kashcheev V.V., Klymenko S.V., Kreuzer M., Laurent O., Ozasa K., Schneider T., Tapio S., Taylor A.M., Tzoulaki I., Vandoolaeghe W.L., Wakeford R., Zablotska L.B., Zhang W., Lipshultz S.E. Systematic review and meta-analysis of circulatory disease from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation and estimates of potential population mortality risks. Environ. Health Perspect., 2012, no. 120, pp. 1503-1511.Maganto-Garcia E., Tarrio M.L., Grabie N., Bu D.X., Lichtman A.H. Dynamic changes in regulatory t cells are linked to levels of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Circulation, 2011, Vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 185-195.Maganto-Garcia E., Tarrio M.L., Grabie N., Bu D.X., Lichtman A.H. Dynamic changes in regulatory t cells are linked to levels of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Circulation, 2011, Vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 185-195.Matsumura S., Wang B., Kawashima N. Radiation induced CXCL16 release by breast cancer cells attracts effector T cells. J. Immunol., 2008, Vol. 181, no. 5, pp. 3099-3107.Matsumura S., Wang B., Kawashima N. Radiation induced CXCL16 release by breast cancer cells attracts effector T cells. J. Immunol., 2008, Vol. 181, no. 5, pp. 3099-3107.McKinnon W. Chronic stress, leukocyte subpopulations, and humoral response to latent viruses. Health Psychol., 1989, Vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 389-402.McKinnon W. Chronic stress, leukocyte subpopulations, and humoral response to latent viruses. Health Psychol., 1989, Vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 389-402.Muirhead C.R., O’Hagan J.A., Haylock R.G., Phillipson M.A., Willcock T., Berridge G.L., Zhang W. Mortality and cancer incidence following occupational radiation exposure: third analysis of the National Registry for Radiation Workers. Br. J. Cancer, 2009, no. 100, pp. 206-212.Muirhead C.R., O’Hagan J.A., Haylock R.G., Phillipson M.A., Willcock T., Berridge G.L., Zhang W. Mortality and cancer incidence following occupational radiation exposure: third analysis of the National Registry for Radiation Workers. Br. J. Cancer, 2009, no. 100, pp. 206-212.Nahrendorf M. Myeloid cell contributions to cardiovascular health and disease. Nat. Med., 2018, Vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 711-720.Nahrendorf M. Myeloid cell contributions to cardiovascular health and disease. Nat. Med., 2018, Vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 711-720.Nordestgaard B.G. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: new insights from epidemiology, genetics, and biology. Circ. Res., 2016, Vol. 118, no. 4, pp. 547-563.Nordestgaard B.G. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: new insights from epidemiology, genetics, and biology. Circ. Res., 2016, Vol. 118, no. 4, pp. 547-563.Okunieff P., Chen Y., Maguire D.J., Huser A.K. Molecular markers of radiation-related normal tissue toxicity. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 2008, Vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 363-374.Okunieff P., Chen Y., Maguire D.J., Huser A.K. Molecular markers of radiation-related normal tissue toxicity. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 2008, Vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 363-374.Paulsson G., Zhou X., Tornquist E., Hansson G.K. Oligoclonal T cell expansions in atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. Arterioscler. Throm. Vasc. Biol., 2000, Vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 10-17.Paulsson G., Zhou X., Tornquist E., Hansson G.K. Oligoclonal T cell expansions in atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. Arterioscler. Throm. Vasc. Biol., 2000, Vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 10-17.Rajaraman P., Doody M.M., Yu C.L., Preston D.L., Miller J.S., Sigurdson A.J., Freedman D.M., Alexander B.H., Little M.P., Miller D.L., Linet M.S. Incidence and mortality risks for circulatory diseases in US radiologic technologists who worked with fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures 1994-2008. Occup. Environ. Med., 2016, no. 73, pp. 21-27.Rajaraman P., Doody M.M., Yu C.L., Preston D.L., Miller J.S., Sigurdson A.J., Freedman D.M., Alexander B.H., Little M.P., Miller D.L., Linet M.S. Incidence and mortality risks for circulatory diseases in US radiologic technologists who worked with fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures 1994-2008. Occup. Environ. Med., 2016, no. 73, pp. 21-27.Rees G.S., Daniel C.P., Morris S.D., Whitehouse C.A., Binks K., MacGregor D.H., Tawn E.J. Ocupational exposure to ionizing radiation has no effect on T- and B-cell total counts or percentages of helper, cytotoxic and activated T-cell subsets in the peripheral circulation of male radiation workers. Int. Radiat. Biol., 2004, Vol. 80, no. 7, pp. 493-498.Rees G.S., Daniel C.P., Morris S.D., Whitehouse C.A., Binks K., MacGregor D.H., Tawn E.J. Ocupational exposure to ionizing radiation has no effect on T- and B-cell total counts or percentages of helper, cytotoxic and activated T-cell subsets in the peripheral circulation of male radiation workers. Int. Radiat. Biol., 2004, Vol. 80, no. 7, pp. 493-498.Ross R. Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease. New Engl. J. Med., 1999, no. 340, pp. 115-126.Ross R. Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease. New Engl. J. Med., 1999, no. 340, pp. 115-126.Rybkina V.L., Bannikova M.V., Adamova G.V., Azizova T.V., Dorr H., Scherthan H. Immunological markers of chronic occupational radiation exposure. Health Physics, 2018, Vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 108-113.Rybkina V.L., Bannikova M.V., Adamova G.V., Azizova T.V., Dorr H., Scherthan H. Immunological markers of chronic occupational radiation exposure. Health Physics, 2018, Vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 108-113.Serhatlioglu S., Ogur E., Ozan A.T., Gursu F., Godekmerdan A., Ayar A. Biochemical and immunological effects of ionizing radiation in radiology staff members. Tani. Girisim. Radyol., 2004, Vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 97-102.Serhatlioglu S., Ogur E., Ozan A.T., Gursu F., Godekmerdan A., Ayar A. Biochemical and immunological effects of ionizing radiation in radiology staff members. Tani. Girisim. Radyol., 2004, Vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 97-102.Steinman R.M. Decisions about dendritic cells: Past, present, and future. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 2012, no. 30, pp. 1-22.Steinman R.M. Decisions about dendritic cells: Past, present, and future. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 2012, no. 30, pp. 1-22.Stone G.W, Maehara A., Lansky A.J., de Bruyne B., Cristea E., Mintz G.S., Mehran R., McPherson J., Farhat N., Marso S.P., Parise H., Templin B., White R., Zhang Z., Serruys P.W. A prospective natural-history study of coronary atherosclerosis. New Engl. J. Med., 2011, Vol. 364, no. 3, pp. 226-235.Stone G.W, Maehara A., Lansky A.J., de Bruyne B., Cristea E., Mintz G.S., Mehran R., McPherson J., Farhat N., Marso S.P., Parise H., Templin B., White R., Zhang Z., Serruys P.W. A prospective natural-history study of coronary atherosclerosis. New Engl. J. Med., 2011, Vol. 364, no. 3, pp. 226-235.Winkels H., Ehinger E., Vassallo M., Buscher K., Dinh H.Q., Kobiyama K., Hamers A.A.J., Cochain C., Vafadarnejad E., Saliba A.-E., Zernecke A., Pramod A. B., Ghosh A. K., Michel N.A., Hoppe N., Hilgendorf I., Zirlik A., Hedrick C.C., Ley K., Wolf D. Atlas of the immune cell repertoire in mouse atherosclerosis defined by single-cell RNA-sequencing and mass cytometry. Circ. Res, 2018, Vol. 122, no. 12, pp. 1675-1688.Winkels H., Ehinger E., Vassallo M., Buscher K., Dinh H.Q., Kobiyama K., Hamers A.A.J., Cochain C., Vafadarnejad E., Saliba A.-E., Zernecke A., Pramod A. B., Ghosh A. K., Michel N.A., Hoppe N., Hilgendorf I., Zirlik A., Hedrick C.C., Ley K., Wolf D. Atlas of the immune cell repertoire in mouse atherosclerosis defined by single-cell RNA-sequencing and mass cytometry. Circ. Res, 2018, Vol. 122, no. 12, pp. 1675-1688.Zar J.H. Biostatistical analysis. New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1999. 663 p.Zar J.H. Biostatistical analysis. New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1999. 663 p.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.