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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-COA-2156</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2156</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные возможности и перспективы иммунотропной терапии хронического генерализованного пародонтита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current opportunities and prospectives of immunotropic therapy in chronic generalized periodontitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонов Илья Ильич — аспирант кафедры челюстно-лицевой хирургии и хирургической стоматологии.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Russian University of the People Friendship.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antil@inbox.lv</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1129-8335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мудров</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mudrov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мудров Валерий Павлович — кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры медицинской биохимии и иммунопатологии РМАНПО МЗ РФ; врач клинической лабораторной диагностики 9 ЛДЦ Минобороны России.</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1.</p><p>Тел.: 8 (916) 174-44-77.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery P. Mudrov - PhD (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunopathology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 9th Clinical and Diagnostic Center.</p><p>125993, Moscow, Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, bldg 1.</p><p>Phone: 7 (916) 174-44-77.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vpmudrov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3001-9939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нелюбин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nelyubin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нелюбин Владимир Николаевич — доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Research Medical and Dental Institute,  A. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlnelyubin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3982-5512</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мураев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muraev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мураев Александр Александрович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры челюстно-лицевой хирургии и хирургической стоматологии.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Russian University of the People Friendship.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muraev_aa@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5458-0192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Сергей Юрьевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий кафедрой челюстно-лицевой хирургии и хирургической стоматологии РУДН; заведующий кафедрой челюстно-лицевой хирургии Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет).</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry, Russian University of the People Friendship; Head, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">syivanov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of the People Friendship</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Министерства здравоохранения РФ; 9 лечебно-диагностический центр Министерства обороны РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; 9&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Clinical and Diagnostic Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский медико-стоматологический институт Московского государственного медико-стоматологического университета имени А.И. Евдокимова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Medical and Dental Institute, A. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения РФ (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of the People Friendship; I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1055</fpage><lpage>1068</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Антонов И.И., Мудров В.П., Нелюбин В.Н., Мураев А.А., Иванов С.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Антонов И.И., Мудров В.П., Нелюбин В.Н., Мураев А.А., Иванов С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Antonov I.I., Mudrov V.P., Nelyubin V.N., Muraev A.A., Ivanov S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2156">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2156</self-uri><abstract><p>Доказанным фактом считается нарушение иммунологической реактивности при воспалительных заболеваниях пародонта. С целями иммуномодуляции в отечественной стоматологической практике применяются различные природные, в том числе модифицированные, рекомбинантные, генно-инженерные и синтетические препараты, различающиеся по действию на врожденную и адаптивную иммунную систему. В клиническом применении нашли свое место как комплексные препараты природных цитокинов, так и генно-инженерные препараты IL-1, IL-2, факторов роста, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ. Включение интерферона, препаратов-индукторов интерферона в комплексную терапию генерализованного пародонтита, повышает устойчивость к вирусной составляющей микробиоты полости рта. Для регенерации тканей в пародонтологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии успешно применяются факторы роста (тромбоцитарный фактор роста, фактор роста фибробластов, фактор роста эндотелия и др.). Перспективными являются работы по индукции врожденного иммунитета. В экспериментальной работе было показано, что местное введение Toll-подобного рецептора-9 и лиганда CD40 может уменьшить лигатурное воспаление пародонта и потерю костной массы у мышей при индукции пролиферации B-клеток и повышении экспрессии мРНК IL-10. Перспективное направление в разработке новых биологически активных препаратов — нанотехнологии, связанные с созданием композитов наночастиц металлов с полимерами, факторами роста и локальное применение этих средств. Общие ограничения всех факторов роста — чрезвычайно короткие периоды биологической активности и заданная продолжительность локальных эффективных концентраций. Поэтому важно разработать систему доставки лекарственных средств с использованием соответствующих каркасных элементов, позволяющих препарату действовать локально в течение определенного периода времени. В эксперименте хорошо себя показали альгинатные гидрогели, локально доставляющие гранулоцитарно-макрофагальный колониестимулирующий фактор и стромальный лимфопоэтин тимуса. Новая иммуномодулирующая стратегия регенерации альвеолярной кости нацелена на макрофаги.</p><p>Биоинспирированная инъекционная микросфера из модифицированных гепарином желатиновых нановолокон, имитирующих архитектуру естественного костного экстрацеллюлярного матрикса и обеспечивающих остеокондуктивное микроокружение для костных клеток, включает IL-4, имеющий домены связи с гепарином. Такие лекарственные средства входят в состав комплексного лечения и следует проводить оценку иммунного статуса до и после терапии. Таким образом, прогресс знаний о развитии врожденного и приобретенного иммунного ответа при воспалительных заболеваниях и, в частности, при патологии пародонта, позволяет разрабатывать новые подходы, методы лечения для повышения эффективности комплексной терапии пародонтита.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Impairment of immunological reactivity in inflammatory periodontal diseases is well proven. To perform immunomodulatory treatment in domestic dental practice, various medications are used, including natural, chemically modified, recombinant, genetically engineered and synthetic substances, which differ in their effects upon innate and adaptive immune systems. Complex preparations of natural cytokines as well as genetically engineered preparations of IL-1, IL-2, growth factors, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ are applied in clinical settings. Clinical implementation of interferon and interferon inducers in combined therapy of generalized periodontitis is shown to increase resistance to viral components of the oral microbiota. Growth factors (platelet growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, endothelial growth factor, etc.) are successfully used for tissue regeneration in periodontics and maxillofacial surgery. Experimental studies have shown that local administration of toll-like receptor-9 and CD40 ligand may reduce periodontal ligature inflammation and bone loss in mice by inducing B-cell proliferation and increasing IL-10 mRNA expression. Promising results in development of new biologically active drugs are obtained with nanotechnology approaches, i.e., production of composite materials of metal nanoparticles with polymers, growth factors, and local application of these products. General limitations of all these growth factors include extremely short periods of biological activity, and adjusted duration of local effective concentrations. Therefore, it is important to develop a drug delivery system using appropriate scaffolding elements thus allowing local effects of the drug for a certain period of time. In experimental models, alginate hydrogels performed well upon local delivery of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and stromal lymphopoietin of the thymus. A new immunomodulatory strategy for alveolar bone regeneration targets macrophages. A biologically functionalized injectable microsphere of heparin-modified gelatin nanofibers that mimic the architecture of the natural bone extracellular matrix, and provide an osteoconductive microenvironment for bone cells includes IL-4, which has heparin-binding domains. These medications represent a component of a comprehensive treatment schedule, and should be evaluated for immune status before and after therapy. Thus, recent advances in studies of innate and acquired immune responses in inflammatory diseases and, in particular, in periodontal disorders, allows us to develop new approaches and methods of treatment in order to improve efficiency of complex therapy in the inflammatory periodontal diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>челюстно-лицевая хирургия</kwd><kwd>пародонтит</kwd><kwd>иммунотропные препараты</kwd><kwd>иммуномодуляторы</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>факторы роста</kwd><kwd>гидрогели</kwd><kwd>способ доставки лекарственных средств</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>maxillofacial surgery</kwd><kwd>periodontitis</kwd><kwd>immunotropic drugs</kwd><kwd>immunomodulators</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>growth factors</kwd><kwd>hydrogels</kwd><kwd>drug delivery route</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдурахманова С.А., Рунова Г.С., Подпорин М.С., Царева Е.В., Ипполитов Е.В., Царев В.Н. 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