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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2135</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка подходов к клеточной иммунотерапии онкологических больных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of approaches for cellular immunotherapy of cancer patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8673-3616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гельм</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gelm</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунологии,</p><p>249036, Калужская обл., г. Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, </p><p>249036, Kaluga Region, Obninsk, Korolev str., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">julia_marizina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3881-3221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абакушина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abakushina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунологии,</p><p>г. Обнинск, Калужская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, </p><p>Obninsk, Kaluga Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abakushina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач аллерголог-иммунолог отделения лабораторной медицины,</p><p>г. Обнинск, Калужская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Allergist-Immunologist, Department of Laboratory Medicine, </p><p>Obninsk, Kaluga Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savelueva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-9688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гривцова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grivtsova</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., заведующая отделением лабораторной медицины, </p><p>г. Обнинск, Калужская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Head, Department of Laboratory Medicine, </p><p>Obninsk, Kaluga Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grivtsova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский радиологический научный центр имени А.Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Obninsk,&#13;
Kaluga Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский радиологический научный центр имени А.Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of National Medical Research Center of Radiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>381</fpage><lpage>388</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гельм Ю.В., Абакушина Е.В., Пасова И.А., Гривцова Л.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гельм Ю.В., Абакушина Е.В., Пасова И.А., Гривцова Л.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gelm Y.V., Abakushina E.V., Pasova I.A., Grivtsova L.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2135">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2135</self-uri><abstract><p>Для лечения пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями в последние годы активно развиваются методы клеточной иммунотерапии. Наиболее актуальным становится применение противоопухолевой адоптивной (от англ. adopt – принимать, усыновлять) иммунотерапии (АИТ) на основе активированных in vitro лимфоцитов и клеток натуральных киллеров (NK-клеток), противоопухолевый потенциал которых усиливают с помощью культивирования in vitro в присутствии цитокинов. При инкубации in vitro мононуклеаров периферической крови пациентов с цитокинами получают цитокин-индуцированные киллеры (ЦИК). Именно они являются одним из важных компонентов противоопухолевой защиты и могут использоваться для АИТ. В настоящее время исследования в области противоопухолевой АИТ продолжаются, идет поиск высокотехнологичных и безопасных методов клеточной иммунотерапии в онкологии. В статье представлены результаты in vitro активации лимфоцитов периферической крови 19 онкологических больных двумя способами. В присутствии интерлейкинов: IL-2, IL-12 и в присутствии интерлейкинов: IL-2 и IL-15. Методом ИФА выявлены различия в секреции цитокинов (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 и IL-10, IFNα и IFNγ и TNFα) активированными in vitro лимфоцитами. Показано, что для более ранней активации клеток in vitro необходимо применять IL-15. Изучена способность клеток цельной крови 20 онкологических больных, после проведения клеточной иммунотерапии и без нее, а также 10 здоровых доноров секретировать цитокины in vitro при спонтанном и митоген-индуцированном способе культивирования. Установлено, что клетки периферической крови онкологических больных, получающих АИТ на протяжении года и более, обладают большей способностью реагировать на стимуляцию митогеном, в отличие от больных, которым АИТ никогда не проводили, а так же относительно группы доноров, иммунная система которых также не подвергалась стимуляции. Вероятнее это можно объяснить тем, что при введении активированных in vitro ЦИК в организме пациента запускается ряд каскадных реакций межклеточного взаимодействия, приводящих к активации клеток иммунной системы пациента, а именно противоопухолевого иммунитета, пролиферации цитотоксических лимфоцитов и NK-клеток, и подавления иммуносупрессии in vivo. Разработанный способ получения ЦИК может быть рекомендован для проведения клеточной АИТ онкологическим больным, как новый подход к активации клеток иммунной системы больного in vivo. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To treat the patients with oncological diseases, cellular immunotherapy have been actively developed in recent years. Usage of antitumor adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) based on in vitro activated lymphocytes and natural killer cells (NK cells) is the most urgent issue. Their antitumor potential is enhanced by in vitro cultivation in the presence of cytokines. In vitro incubation of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells supplemented with cytokines produces cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK). These cells represent the important component of antitumor protection which may be potentially used for AIT. Currently, the studies in the field of antitumor AIT continues, searching for high-tech and safe methods of cellular immunotherapy in oncology. The article describes results of in vitro activation of lymphocytes from cancer patients (n = 19) in the culture media containing IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15. The ELISA assays revealed differences in the cytokine secretion (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFNα, IFNγ, TNFα) after in vitro activation of lymphocytes. It was shown that, for earlier in vitro activation of cells, IL-15 should be supplemented. We also studied the ability of whole blood cells from cancer patients (n = 20) receiving cell immunotherapy vs those non-treated with AIT, as well as healthy donors (n = 10), to secrete cytokines in spontaneous and mitogen-induced cultures. Peripheral blood cells of cancer patients receiving AIT for a year or more proved to show a more pronounced ability to respond to mitogen stimulation, in contrast to the patients who have never received AIT, as well as in relation to a group of donors whose immune system has not been stimulated either. Most likely, this may be explained by the fact, that the in vitro activated CIKs if introduced into the patient’s body, trigger a number of cascadelike intercellular interactions leading to activation of the patient’s immune system cells, especially, antitumor immunity, proliferation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells, like as in vivo inhibition of immunosuppression. The developed method of CIK production may be offered for carrying out cellular AIT in oncological patients as a novel approach to in vivo activation of the patient’s immune system. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>in vitro активация лимфоцитов</kwd><kwd>IL-2</kwd><kwd>IL-12</kwd><kwd>IL-15</kwd><kwd>клеточная иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>физиологический резерв активности клеток</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>in vitro activation</kwd><kwd>IL-2</kwd><kwd>IL-12</kwd><kwd>IL-15</kwd><kwd>cell immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>cell's activity</kwd><kwd>physiological reserve</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абакушина Е.В., Маризина Ю.В., Каприн А.Д. Морфофункциональная характеристика лимфоцитов человека после активации in vitro // Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины, 2016. Т. 161, № 5. 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