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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-NOD-2101</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2101</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспрессия генов доменоподобного рецептора 4 (NLR4) домена олигомеризации нуклеотидов и уровень интерлейкина 1β (IL-1β) в образцах мочи до и после внутрипузырной терапии БЦЖ для лечения рака мочевого пузыря</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain-like receptor 4 (NLR4) Gene Expression and Interleukin 1-β (IL 1-β) Level in Urine Samples Before and After Intravesical BCG Therapy For Treatment of Bladder Cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6455-6484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эйсса</surname><given-names>Ахмед Самар Абд Элмоати</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eissa</surname><given-names>Ahmed Samar Abd Elmoaty</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахмед Самар Абд Элмоати Эйсса – магистр медицинской микробиологии и иммунологии, ассистент кафедры медицинской микробиологии и иммунологии медицинского факультета</p><p>33516, Кафр-эш-Шейх</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ahmed Samar Abd Elmoaty Eissa, MSc in Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Assistant Lecturer at Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>33516, Kafr El Sheikh </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.samarahmedelganady@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Расслан</surname><given-names>Оссама</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rasslan</surname><given-names>Ossama</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Расслан Оссама – кандидат наук медицинской микробиологии и иммунологии, профессор кафедры медицинской микробиологии и иммунологии медицинского факультета</p><p>Каир </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rasslan Ossama, PhD in Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Professor of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>Cairo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dean@aicpd.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фуад</surname><given-names>Ламия</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fouad</surname><given-names>Lamia</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фуад Ламия – кандидат наук медицинской микробиологии и иммунологии, профессор кафедры медицинской микробиологии и иммунологии медицинского факультета</p><p>Каир </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fouad Lamia, PhD in Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Professor of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>Cairo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lamia_fouad@med.asu.edu.eg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдельмаджид</surname><given-names>Фахим Хишам</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdelmajeed</surname><given-names>Fahim Hisham</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фахим Хишам Абдельмаджид – кандидат наук урологии, лектор кафедры урологии медицинского факультета</p><p>Каир </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fahim Hisham Abdelmajeed, PhD in Urology, Lecturer of Urology, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>CairoCairo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hisham.abdelmajeed@med.asu.edu.eg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдель-Хамид</surname><given-names>Амира Эсмаил</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdel-Hamid</surname><given-names>Amira Esmail</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдель-Хамид Амира Эсмаил – кандидат наук медицинской микробиологии и иммунологии, лектор кафедры медицинской микробиологии и иммунологии медицинского факультета</p><p> Каир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cairo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amira.esmail@med.asu.edu.eg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Kafr-Elsheikh university</institution><country>Egypt</country></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафр-Эльшейхский университет</institution><country>Египет</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ain Shams University</institution><country>Egypt</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Айн Шамса</institution><country>Египет</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ain Shams University</institution><country>Egypt</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1141</fpage><lpage>1154</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эйсса А.С., Расслан О., Фуад Л., Абдельмаджид Ф.Х., Абдель-Хамид А.Э., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эйсса А.С., Расслан О., Фуад Л., Абдельмаджид Ф.Х., Абдель-Хамид А.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eissa A.S., Rasslan O., Fouad L., Abdelmajeed F.H., Abdel-Hamid A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2101">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2101</self-uri><abstract><p>Рак мочевого пузыря (РМП) является седьмым по частоте злокачественным новообразованием у мужчин и одиннадцатым в мире. У 75% больных РМП выявляется рак, не инвазирующий мышечный слой (РНИМС). Иммунотерапия БЦЖ (бациллой Кальметта-Герена) остается стандартным методом интравезикальной терапии при РНИМС. Точный механизм профилактики рецидивов посредством БЦЖ остается неизвестным. Целью данного исследования была оценка экспрессии гена NLR4 и уровней IL-1β в качестве возможных прогностических показателей рецидивов РНИМС и неудач БЦЖ-терапии и выявление различий в их уровнях между раком, инвазирующим мышечный слой (ИМС) и РНИМС, что может помочь в первичной дифференциальной диагностике. Данное исследование проводили в группе из 30 больных РНИМС и 17 пациентов с ИМС. Образцы мочи брали до операции в стерильные сосуды. У пациентов с РНИМС брали еще 4 образца (как указано ниже). Определение экспрессии гена NLR4 проводили в дооперационном материале при ИМС и в 4 образцах при РНИМС, т.е. в дооперационном образце, в материале, взятом через 4 часа после 3-й инстилляции БЦЖ и в образцах, собранных при дальнейшем наблюдении (3 и 6 мес. после операции). Отмечено статистически значимое повышение уровней экспрессии гена NLRP4 при РНИМС (CT=0,87±1,48), по сравнению ИМС (CT=2,82±2,07). Насколько нам известно, не найдено публикаций относительно сравнительной экспрессии генов при РНИМС и ИМС. Экспрессия генов в предоперационных пробах мочи была более высокой в случаях рецидивов, чем при их отсутствии. Далее, уровень экспрессии повышался до 21-кратного (по сравнению с предоперационным) в образцах, взятых после введения 3-й дозы БЦЖ Этот показатель значительно снижался до 1-кратного повышения над уровнем до операции через 3 мес. наблюдения и лишь в 0,9 раз к 6 мес. Экспрессия гена до операции в случаях отсутствия метастазов была намного ниже, нежели в случаях рецидивирования РМП. Отмечено 11-кратное повышение экспрессии гена после 3-й инстилляции БЦЖ и последующее снижение до 5,6-кратного в образцах, взятых через 3 мес. по сравнению с дооперационными образцами. Уровни IL-1β определяли при РНИМС и ИМС в образцах мочи до операции и при терапии БЦЖ в случаях РНИМС до и через 4 часа после 3-й дозы БЦЖ и на протяжении 3-месячного наблюдения этих случаев для анализа их возможного применения в первичном дифференциальном диагнозе между РНИМС и ИМС, а также в качестве прогностического фактора возможного рецидивирования при РНИМС. В целом уровень IL-1β был выше в дооперационных образцах (0,62±0,12 пг/мл) по сравнению с уровнями перед 3-й дозой индукционной БЦЖ-терапии (0,53±0,13 пг/мл). Его уровень был существенно выше через 4 часа после назначения 3-й дозы БЦЖ (1,96±0,62 пг/мл), нежели предыдущие значения. Эти показатели снижались до предоперационных уровней к 3 мес. наблюдения (0,57±0,099 пг/мл). Уровни IL-1β в образцах, собранных через 4 часа после 3-й дозы БЦЖ, были повышенными в случаях последующего метастазирования, нежели в случаях отсутствия метастазов. Эти значения снижались в обоих случаях и становились выше в нерецидивирующих случаях (0,64±0,05 пг/мл) по сравнению со больными, у которых уже были диагностированы метастазы к 3 мес наблюдения (0,45±0,05 пг/мл). В заключение, при отслеживании экспрессии гена NLRP4 и уровней IL-1β в ходе лечения БЦЖ в 30 случаях метастазирующего и неметастазирующего РНИМС отмечено достоверное статистическое различие обоих показателей в образцах, взятых после 3-й дозы БЦЖ, с повышением у пациентов с последующим развитием метастазов через 3 и 6 мес. Если эти предварительные результаты будут подтверждены в последующих больших когортных исследованиях, они станут перспективными для прогнозирования таких случаев с возможностью раннего планирования индивидуализированного лечения, избегая БЦЖ-терапии у пациентов, более подверженных рецидивам, от вероятных побочных эффектов лечения БЦЖ. Определение экспрессии NLRP4 и уровней IL-1β поможет в прогнозировании неудач БЦЖ-терапии, что сграет существенную роль для своевременного радикального хирургического вмещательства. При сравнении экспрессии NLRP4 и уровней IL-1β при РНИМС и ИМС были отмечены повышение значения в неинвазивных случаях. Этот результат может служить в качестве возможного диагностического подхода, что является существенной проблемой. Поэтому здесь необходимо установить граничные диагностические значения экспрессии генов и уровня цитокинов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bladder cancer is the 7th most commonly diagnosed cancer in males worldwide and the 11th when both genders are considered. Seventy five per cent of bladder cancer cases are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Bacillus Calmette–Gu rin (BCG) immunotherapy remains the standard intravesical agent for NMIBC. The exact mechanism by which BCG prevents recurrence is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate NLR4 gene expression and IL-1β as possible prognostic indicators for NMIBC recurrence and BCG treatment failure, and to detect the difference in their levels among muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and NMIBC that may aid in primary differentiation between cases. This study was conducted in 30 patients who had NMIBC and 17 patients who had MIBC. Urine samples were obtained in sterile cups before operation. From NMIBC cases, four more samples were obtained as mentioned below. Evaluation of NLR4 gene expression was performed in pre-surgical sample for MIBC and in 4 samples for NMIBC: pre-surgical sample, sample collected 4 hours after the 3rd dose of BCG instillation, and samples collected during follow up (3 and 6 months post-surgically). There was statistical significant increase in NLRP4 expression levels in NMIBC (CT=0.87±1.48) compared to MIBC (CT=2.82±2.07). As far as we searched, no published results were found regarding comparative gene expression levels between NMIBC and MIBC cases. Gene expression in recurrent cases was higher in pre-surgical urine samples than in non-recurrent cases. The expression level further increased up to 21 fold than the pre-surgical level in the sample taken after injection of the 3rd dose of BCG. This level decreased distinctly to become 1-fold increase over pre-surgical level at the 3rd month follow up then to only 0.9-fold at the 6th month. In non- recurrent cases, gene expression level started pre-surgically in much lower levels than those encountered in recurrent cases. There were 11-fold increase in expression level after 3rd dose of BCG instillation and then decreased to be 5.6 folds higher in the sample taken at 3rd month follow up than in presurgical samples. Gene expression further decreased to become 4.1 fold higher in samples taken at 6 month follow up than the pre-surgical levels. IL-1β levels were estimated for NMIBC and MIBC cases in urine samples pre-surgically and during BCG therapy in case of NMIBC before and 4 hours after the 3rd dose and during 3rd month follow-up of those cases for searching its possible use of for primary differentiation between NMIBC and MIBC, and also as a prognostic factor for possible recurrence in case of NMIBC cases. The level of IL-1β was generally higher in pre-surgical samples (0.62±0.12 pg/ml) when compared to its level before the 3rd dose of BCG induction therapy (0.53±0.13 pg/ml). Its level was distinctly higher four hours after administration of the 3rd dose BCG (1.96±0.62 pg/ml) than both previous levels. Levels decreased bellow pre-surgical level at 3rd month follow up (0.57±0.099 pg/ml). The levels of IL-1β estimated in samples collected four hours after the 3rd dose BCG was higher in cases that showed recurrence later on than non-recurrent cases. The levels decreased in both cases and became higher in non-recurrent cases (0.64±0.05 pg/ml) than in cases already developed recurrence at the 3rd month diagnosed during follow-up (0.45±0.05 pg/ml). To conclude, on following NLRP4 gene expression and IL-1β levels during BCG administration among recurrent and non-recurrent cases of thirty NMIBC cases, there was a significant statistical difference in both levels for the samples collected after the third dose BCG, being higher in patients who showed subsequent recurrence at the 3rd and 6th month of follow-up. If these preliminary reported findings will be confirmed in upcoming larger cohort’s studies, it could be promising in prognosis of such cases, with the possibility of early manipulation of individualized treatment schedule, keeping patients most probably prone to encounter recurrence safe from possible side effects of BCG therapy. The assessment of NLRP4 expression and IL-1β levels could help predict failure of BCG therapy, playing an appreciable role in early deciding radical surgery. When comparing NLRP4 expression and IL-1β levels between MIBC and NMIBC cases, increased values were noted among non-invasive ones. This finding may serve as a possible diagnostic tool, which represents a challenging issue. Hence, cut-off values for gene expression and cytokine level are to be specified.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>БЦЖ</kwd><kwd>IL-1β</kwd><kwd>внутрипузырная терапия БЦЖ</kwd><kwd>Nod-подобные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>опухолевый иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>BCG</kwd><kwd>IL-1β</kwd><kwd>intravesical BCG therapy</kwd><kwd>Nod-like receptors</kwd><kwd>tumor immunity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abadie V., Badell E., Douillard P., Ensergueix D., Leenen P.J.M., Tanguy M., Fiette L., Saeland S., Gicquel B., Winter N. Neutrophils rapidly migrate via lymphatics after Mycobacterium bovis BCG intradermal vaccination and shuttle live bacilli to the draining lymph nodes. 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