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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-GIV-2070</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2070</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Густометрия при различных вариантах бронхиальной астмы (Пороги вкусовой чувствительности к горькому и сладкому вкусам)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gustometry in various variants of bronchial asthma: Sensitivity thresholds for bitter and sweet tast</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минеев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mineev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии имени академика М.В. Черноруцкого</p><p>197022,Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, M. Chernorutskiy Department of Hospital Therapy</p><p>197022, St. Petersburg, L. Tolstoy str., 6-8</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нёма</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nyoma</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нёма Михаил Александрович – к.м.н., ассистент кафедры госпитальной терапии имени академика М.В. Черноруцкого</p><p>197022,Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nyoma Mikhail A., PhD (Medicine), Assistant Professor, M. Chernorutskiy Department of Hospital Therapy</p><p>197022, St. Petersburg, L. Tolstoy str., 6-8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nyoma1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии имени академика М.В. Черноруцкого</p><p>197022,Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, M. Chernorutskiy Department of Hospital Therapy</p><p>197022, St. Petersburg, L. Tolstoy str., 6-8</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брюханова</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryukhanova</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 6 курса</p><p>197022,Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p><p>197022, St. Petersburg, L. Tolstoy str., 6-8</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокшарова</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koksharova</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 6 курса </p><p>197022,Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p><p>197022, St. Petersburg, L. Tolstoy str., 6-8</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минеев В.Н., Нёма М.А., Сорокина Л.Н., Брюханова П.В., Кокшарова Д.Е., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минеев В.Н., Нёма М.А., Сорокина Л.Н., Брюханова П.В., Кокшарова Д.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mineev V.N., Nyoma M.A., Sorokina L.N., Bryukhanova P.V., Koksharova D.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2070">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2070</self-uri><abstract><p>Появились первые исследования о возможной патогенетической роли при бронхиальной астме, так называемых эктопически локализованных вкусовых рецепторах к горькому, сладкому вкусам, осуществляющих, по-видимому, противоположные функции, однако в доступной литературе данные о балансе чувствительности к горькому и сладкому вкусам у одного и того же больного бронхиальной астмой отсутствуют.</p><p>Цель работы – одновременная оценка чувствительности канонических лингвальных рецепторов к горькому и сладкому вкусу у одних и тех же больных с различными вариантами бронхиальной астмы с помощью методов, применимых в широкой клинической практике.</p><p>Обследовано 16 практически здоровых лиц, 35 больных бронхиальной астмой в клинике госпитальной терапии им. акад. М.В. Черноруцкого Первого СПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова. Оценку вкусовой чувствительности к горькому вкусу проводили с применением набора тест-полосок The Frey Scientific 569885 PTC Taste Paper, содержащие раствор фенилтиомочевины. Для определения индивидуальной величины порогов вкусовой чувствительности использовали растворы сахарозы в концентрациях (%): 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,6; 0,7; 0,8; 0,9. Оценку баланса чувствительности к горькому и сладкому вкусам проводили на основе разработанного нами индекса «чувствительность к горькому/сладкому» (индекс «горький/сладкий вкус»).</p><p>Наибольший индекс «горький/сладкий вкус» выявлен при аллергическом варианте БА, причем его значения статистически существенно отличаются от значений аналогичного индекса у практически здоровых лиц только при низких концентрациях сахарозы (0,3-0,4% раствора сахарозы).</p><p>С помощью факторного анализа выявлена связь дисбаланса вкусовых ощущений (сдвиг вкусовой чувствительности в сторону высокой чувствительности к сладкому вкусу) с ключевыми характеристиками бронхиальной астмы, которые включали тяжесть течения бронхиальной астмы, длительность применения ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов и неэффективность применения β2-агонистов на догоспитальном этапе. Выявлено с помощью густометрии, что при аллергическом варианте бронхиальной астмы наблюдается снижение чувствительности к горькому вкусу (фенилтиомочевины) при высокой чувствительности к сладкому вкусу (сахарозе).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The first studies were published on the possible pathogenetic role of so-called ectopically localized taste receptors in bronchial asthma. The receptors for bitter and sweet taste, may, apparently, have opposite functions, but in available literature there is no data on the balance of sensitivity for bitter and sweet tastes in the same patients with bronchial asthma. The aim of the present work is to simultaneously assess the sensitivity of canonical lingual receptors to bitter and sweet taste in the same patients with different clinical variants of bronchial asthma by methods applicable in wide clinical practice. 16 healthy persons and 35 patients with bronchial asthma were examined at the M.V. Chernorutsky Clinics of Hospital Therapy at First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University. The sensitivity for bitter taste was assessed using The Frey Scientific 569885 PTC Taste Paper test strip kit containing phenylthiourea solution. Sucrose solutions at concentrations of 0.3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,6; 0,7; 0,8; 0,9 % for determination of individual value of taste thresholds to sweet taste were used. The bitter-to-sweet taste sensitivity balance was assessed on the basis of an original “bitter/sweet taste sensitivity” index. The highest values of index of bitter/sweet taste was found in the allergic variant of bronchial asthma: its values are significantly different from those in healthy persons only at low sucrose concentrations (0.3-0.4%). The factor analysis revealed an association between taste imbalance (a shift towards high sensitivity to sweet taste) and key characteristics of bronchial asthma, including severity of bronchial asthma course, duration of inhaled glucocorticosteroid use and inefficiency of β2-agonists use at pre-clinical stage. It has been revealed by gustometry that in the allergic variant of bronchial asthma there is a decreased sensitivity for bitter test substance (phenylthiourea), along with higher sensitivity for sweet taste (sucrose).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>густометрия</kwd><kwd>вкусовые рецепторы</kwd><kwd>горький вкус</kwd><kwd>сладкий вкус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>gustometry</kwd><kwd>taste receptors</kwd><kwd>bitter taste</kwd><kwd>sweet taste</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурова Т.Е. Оценка сенсорной чувствительности дегустаторов: Учеб.-метод. пособие. Под ред. А.Л. Ишевского. СПб: НИУ ИТМО; ИХиБТ, 2014. 42 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assessment of the sensory sensitivity of tasters: study guide Ed. A.L. Ishevsky. 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