mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-RVO-2067mimmun-2067Research ArticleИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫIMMUNOLOGICAL METHODSРусскоязычная адаптация международной номенклатуры типов свечения ядра и цитоплазмы клетки (ICAP) для стандартизации выявления антинуклеарного фактораRussian-language adaptation of the international nomenclature of International Consensus on Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Patterns (ICAP)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1479-6551ТкаченкоО. Ю.TkachenkoO. Yu.

Ткаченко Ольга Юрьевна – врач клинической лабораторной диагностики, НМЦ по молекулярной медицине

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8

Tkachenko Olga Yu., Doctor for Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Medicine

197022, St. Petersburg, L. Tolstoy str., 6-8

tkachenie@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-3699ЛапинС. В.LapinS. V.

Лапин Сергей Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний, НМЦ по молекулярной медицине

Санкт-Петербург

Lapin Sergey V., PhD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory for Diagnostics of Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine

St. Petersburg

svlapin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-6507МазингА. В.MazingA. V.

Мазинг Александра Васильевна – кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний, НМЦ по молекулярной медицине

Санкт-Петербург

Mazing Alexandra V., PhD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory for Diagnostics of Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine

St. Petersburg

alex_mazing@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-8799ТотолянАрег А.TotolianAreg A.

 

Тотолян Арег Артемович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научноисследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера»; заведующий кафедрой иммунологии ФГБОУ ВО «Первый СанктПетербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ

Санкт-Петербург

Totolian Areg A., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology; Head, Department of Immunology, First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University

St. Petersburg

totolian@spbraaci.ruФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФРоссияFirst St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера»Russian FederationFirst St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University; Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and MicrobiologyRussian Federation20203112202022611951214Copyright © Ткаченко О.Ю., Лапин С.В., Мазинг А.В., Тотолян А.А., 20212021Ткаченко О.Ю., Лапин С.В., Мазинг А.В., Тотолян А.А.Tkachenko O.Y., Lapin S.V., Mazing A.V., Totolian A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2067

Антинуклеарные антитела (АНА) – это семейство аутоантител, направленных против различных клеточных структур, включая ядро, ядерную мембрану, митотический аппарат, компоненты цитоплазмы и органеллы клетки, а также клеточные мембраны. Выявление АНА лежит в основе аутоиммунной лабораторной диагностики и представляет незаменимый инструмент ранней идентификации основных системных аутоиммунных заболеваний, аутоиммунных заболеваний печени, ревматических заболеваний в педиатрии и ряде других состояний. Основным методом обнаружения АНА является иммунофлюоресцентный тест на перевиваемой клеточной линии аденокарциномы гортани человека HEp-2, в отечественной литературе получивший название «антинуклеарный фактор». Результат АНФ содержит информацию о конечном титре АНА, а также о типе свечения ядра. Тип свечения АНФ обусловлен аутоантителами, которые реагируют с антигенами, расположенными в ядре и цитоплазме клеток линии HEp-2. Для стандартизации названий и описания различных типов свечения антинуклеарного фактора (АНФ) в 2014 году была создана Инициатива Международной Согласительной группы по типам свечения АНФ (International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) group – англ.). Цель ICAP заключается в разработке единой номенклатуры типов свечения АНФ, базы микрофотографий, а также классификации в зависимости от компетенции специалистов при оценке типов свечения. Информация об основных характеристиках, а также клинических ассоциациях типов свечения АНФ размещены на интернет-ресурсе www.ANApatterns.org. В классификационной схеме АНФ типы свечения обозначены буквенно-цифровым кодом #AC (anti-cell pattern) и подразделены на ядерные, цитоплазматические и митотические группы. В зависимости от клинической значимости и/или простоты распознавания в данной номенклатуре делается акцент на различие между типами свечения, описываемые специалистами компетентного и экспертного уровней. Из ядерных типов свечения наиболее значимыми являются гомогенный, гранулярный, плотный мелкогранулярный, центромерный, ядрышковый, свечение точек в ядре, для цитоплазматических типов свечения – фибриллярный, гранулярный, митохондриальный, свечение комплекса Гольджи, палочки и кольца. По поручению руководителей ICAP для перевода номенклатуры на русский язык была утверждена группа экспертов во главе с академиком РАН, профессором А.А. Тотоляном под эгидой Российского научного общества иммунологов (РНОИ). В данной статье мы представляем русскоязычную адаптацию номенклатуры ICAP для обеспечения унификации и стандартизации формулировок результатов обследования пациентов с аутоиммунными заболеваниями.

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) represent a spectrum of autoantibodies targeted for various nuclear and cytoplasmic components of the cells. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) is the main detection method for “antinuclear factor”. A positive ANA test is usually reported as a titer and a pattern of fluorescence. The ANA patterns refers to the distribution of staining produced by antibodies that react with antigens located in nucleus and cytoplasm of HEp-2 cells. To standardize nomenclature and descriptions of the various fluorescence patterns of antinuclear factor (ANF), the Initiative of the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) group was developed in 2014. The aim of ICAP is to promote consensus regarding nomenclature of ANA patterns, a microphotograph database, as well as classification depending on the employee skills. Information on the main characteristics, as well as specific clinical associations of the patterns is available at www.ANApatterns.org. In ANA classification trees, the patterns are indicated by the #AC (anticell pattern) alphanumeric code, being divided into nuclear, cytoplasmic and mitotic groups. Depending on the clinical significance and/or ease of recognition, this nomenclature focuses on the differences between the patterns described by specialists at competent and expert levels. Of the nuclear types, the most significant are homogeneous, speckled, dense fine-speckled, centromere, nucleolar, nuclear dots. The cytoplasmic types may be discerned into fibrillar, speckled, mitochondrial, Golgi, rods and rings. On leaders, behalf of the ICAP translation team is headed by the Full Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor A.A. Totolian, under the auspices of the Russian Research Society of Immunologists. In this article, we present the Russianlanguage adaptation of the ICAP nomenclature, in order to ensure unification and standardization of ANA detection results in the patients with autoimmune diseases.

антинуклеарный факторноменклатуратипы свеченияantinuclear antibodynomenclaturefluorescence patternReferencesAgmon-Levin N., Damoiseaux J., Kallenberg C., Sack U., Witte T., Herold M., Bossuyt X., Musset L., Cervera R., Plaza-Lopez A., Dias C., Sousa M.J., Radice A., Eriksson C., Hultgren O., Viander M., Khamashta M., Regenass S., Andrade L.E.C., Wiik A., Tincani A., Rönnelid J., Bloch D.B., Fritzler M.J., Chan E.K.L., Garcia-De La Torre I., Konstantinov K.N., Lahita R., Wilson M., Vainio O., Fabien N., Sinico R.A., Meroni P.L, Shoenfeld Y. International recommendations for the assessment of autoantibodies to cellular antigens referred to as anti-nuclear antibodies. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2014., Vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 17-23.Agmon-Levin N., Damoiseaux J., Kallenberg C., Sack U., Witte T., Herold M., Bossuyt X., Musset L., Cervera R., Plaza-Lopez A., Dias C., Sousa M.J., Radice A., Eriksson C., Hultgren O., Viander M., Khamashta M., Regenass S., Andrade L.E.C., Wiik A., Tincani A., Rönnelid J., Bloch D.B., Fritzler M.J., Chan E.K.L., Garcia-De La Torre I., Konstantinov K.N., Lahita R., Wilson M., Vainio O., Fabien N., Sinico R.A., Meroni P.L, Shoenfeld Y. International recommendations for the assessment of autoantibodies to cellular antigens referred to as anti-nuclear antibodies. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2014., Vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 17-23.Alarcon-Segovia D., Cardiel M.H. Comparison between 3 diagnostic criteria for mixed connective tissue disease. Study of 593 patients. J. Rheumatol., 1989, pp. 328-334.Alarcon-Segovia D., Cardiel M.H. Comparison between 3 diagnostic criteria for mixed connective tissue disease. Study of 593 patients. J. Rheumatol., 1989, pp. 328-334.Andrade L.E., Chan E.K., Raska I., Peebles C.L., Roos G., Tan E.M. Human autoantibody to a novel protein of the nuclear coiled body: immunological characterization and cDNA cloning of p80-coilin. J. Exp. Med., 1991, Vol. 173, no. 6, pp. 1407-1419.Andrade L.E., Chan E.K., Raska I., Peebles C.L., Roos G., Tan E.M. Human autoantibody to a novel protein of the nuclear coiled body: immunological characterization and cDNA cloning of p80-coilin. J. Exp. Med., 1991, Vol. 173, no. 6, pp. 1407-1419.Andrade L.E., Tan E.M., Chan E.K. Immunocytochemical analysis of the coiled body in the cell cycle and during cell proliferation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1993, Vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 1947-1951.Andrade L.E., Tan E.M., Chan E.K. Immunocytochemical analysis of the coiled body in the cell cycle and during cell proliferation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1993, Vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 1947-1951.Angeles-Han S.T., Pelajo C.F., Vogler L.B., Rouster-Stevens K., Kennedy C., Ponder L., McCracken C., Lopez-Benitez J., Drews-Botsch C., Prahalad S. Risk markers of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis in the childhood arthritis and rheumatology research alliance (CARRA) registry. J. Rheumatol., 2013, Vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 2088-2096.Angeles-Han S.T., Pelajo C.F., Vogler L.B., Rouster-Stevens K., Kennedy C., Ponder L., McCracken C., Lopez-Benitez J., Drews-Botsch C., Prahalad S. Risk markers of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis in the childhood arthritis and rheumatology research alliance (CARRA) registry. J. Rheumatol., 2013, Vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 2088-2096.Arnett F.C., Targoff I.N., Mimori T., Goldstein R., Warner N.B., Reveille J.D. Interrelationship of major histocompatibility complex class II alleles and autoantibodies in four ethnic groups with various forms of myositis. Arthritis Rheum., 1996, Vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 1507-1518.Arnett F.C., Targoff I.N., Mimori T., Goldstein R., Warner N.B., Reveille J.D. Interrelationship of major histocompatibility complex class II alleles and autoantibodies in four ethnic groups with various forms of myositis. Arthritis Rheum., 1996, Vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 1507-1518.Basu A., Sanchez T.W., Casiano C.A. DFS70/LEDGFp75: an enigmatic autoantigen at the interface between autoimmunity, AIDS, and cancer. Front. Immunol., 2015, Vol. 6, 116. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00116.Basu A., Sanchez T.W., Casiano C.A. DFS70/LEDGFp75: an enigmatic autoantigen at the interface between autoimmunity, AIDS, and cancer. Front. Immunol., 2015, Vol. 6, 116. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00116.Brouwer R. Autoantibody profiles in the sera of European patients with myositis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2001, Vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 116-123.Brouwer R. Autoantibody profiles in the sera of European patients with myositis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2001, Vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 116-123.Ceribelli A., Fredi M., Taraborelli M., Cavazzana I., Franceschini F., Tincani A., Ross S.J., Pauley B.A., Chan E.K.L., Satoh M. Anti-MJ/NXP-2 antibodies are the most common specifcity in a cohort of adult caucasian patients with dermatomyositis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2012, Vol. 14, no. 2, R97. doi: 10.1186/ar3822.Ceribelli A., Fredi M., Taraborelli M., Cavazzana I., Franceschini F., Tincani A., Ross S.J., Pauley B.A., Chan E.K.L., Satoh M. Anti-MJ/NXP-2 antibodies are the most common specifcity in a cohort of adult caucasian patients with dermatomyositis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2012, Vol. 14, no. 2, R97. doi: 10.1186/ar3822.Chan E.K.L., Damoiseaux J., Carballo O.G., Conrad K., de Melo Cruvinel W., Francescantonio P.L.C., Fritzler M.J., Garcia-De La Torre I., Herold M., Mimori T., Satoh M., von Mühlen C.A., Andrade L.E.C. Report of the First International Consensus on standardized nomenclature of antinuclear antibody HEp-2 cell patterns 2014- 2015. Front. Immunol., 2015, Vol. 6, 41. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00412.Chan E.K.L., Damoiseaux J., Carballo O.G., Conrad K., de Melo Cruvinel W., Francescantonio P.L.C., Fritzler M.J., Garcia-De La Torre I., Herold M., Mimori T., Satoh M., von Mühlen C.A., Andrade L.E.C. Report of the First International Consensus on standardized nomenclature of antinuclear antibody HEp-2 cell patterns 2014- 2015. Front. Immunol., 2015, Vol. 6, 41. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00412.Chan E.K.L., Damoiseaux J., de Melo Cruvinel W., Carballo O.G., Conrad K., Francescantonio P.L.C., Fritzler M.J., Garcia-De La Torre I., Herold M., Mimori T., Satoh M., von Mühlen C.A., Andrade L.E.C. Report on the second International Consensus on ANA pattern (ICAP) workshop in Dresden 2015. Lupus, 2016, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 797-804.Chan E.K.L., Damoiseaux J., de Melo Cruvinel W., Carballo O.G., Conrad K., Francescantonio P.L.C., Fritzler M.J., Garcia-De La Torre I., Herold M., Mimori T., Satoh M., von Mühlen C.A., Andrade L.E.C. Report on the second International Consensus on ANA pattern (ICAP) workshop in Dresden 2015. Lupus, 2016, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 797-804.Covini G., Carcamo W.C., Bredi E., von Mühlen C.A., Colombo M., Chan E.K.L. Cytoplasmic rods and rings autoantibodies developed during pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Antivir. Ther., 2011, Vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 805-811.Covini G., Carcamo W.C., Bredi E., von Mühlen C.A., Colombo M., Chan E.K.L. Cytoplasmic rods and rings autoantibodies developed during pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Antivir. Ther., 2011, Vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 805-811.Francescantonio P.L.C., de Melo Cruvinel W., Dellavance A., Andrade L.E.C., HurTaliberti B., von Mühlen C.A., Bichara C.D.A., Bueno C., Mangueira C.L.P., Carvalho D.G., de O. Bonfá E.S.D., de Almeida Brito F., e Araújo F.I., Rêgo J., Pereira K.M.C., dos Anjos L.M.E., de Fatima Bissoli M., Santiago M.B., Maluf N.Z., Alvarenga R.R., Neves S.P.F., Valim V., dos Santos W.S. IV Brazilian guidelines for autoantibodies on HEp-2 cells. Rev. Bras. Reumatol., 2014, Vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 44-50.Francescantonio P.L.C., de Melo Cruvinel W., Dellavance A., Andrade L.E.C., HurTaliberti B., von Mühlen C.A., Bichara C.D.A., Bueno C., Mangueira C.L.P., Carvalho D.G., de O. Bonfá E.S.D., de Almeida Brito F., e Araújo F.I., Rêgo J., Pereira K.M.C., dos Anjos L.M.E., de Fatima Bissoli M., Santiago M.B., Maluf N.Z., Alvarenga R.R., Neves S.P.F., Valim V., dos Santos W.S. IV Brazilian guidelines for autoantibodies on HEp-2 cells. Rev. Bras. Reumatol., 2014, Vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 44-50.Fritzler M.J., Chan E.K.L. The discovery of GW bodies. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2013, no. 768, pp. 5-21.Fritzler M.J., Chan E.K.L. The discovery of GW bodies. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2013, no. 768, pp. 5-21.Ghirardello A., Zampieri S., Tarricone E., Iaccarino L., Bendo R., Briani C., Rondinone R., Sarzi-Puttini P., Todesco S., Doria A. Clinical implications of autoantibody screening in patients with autoimmune myositis. Autoimmunity, 2006, Vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 217-221.Ghirardello A., Zampieri S., Tarricone E., Iaccarino L., Bendo R., Briani C., Rondinone R., Sarzi-Puttini P., Todesco S., Doria A. Clinical implications of autoantibody screening in patients with autoimmune myositis. Autoimmunity, 2006, Vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 217-221.Grygiel-Górniak B., Rogacka N., Rogacki M., Puszczewicz M. Antinuclear antibodies in autoimmune and allergic diseases. Reumatologia, 2017, Vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 298-304.Grygiel-Górniak B., Rogacka N., Rogacki M., Puszczewicz M. Antinuclear antibodies in autoimmune and allergic diseases. Reumatologia, 2017, Vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 298-304.Hirschfield G.M., Beuers U., Corpechot C., Invernizzi P., Jones D., Marzioni M., Schramm C. EASL Clinical practice guidelines: the diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis J. Hepatol., 2017, Vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 145-172.Hirschfield G.M., Beuers U., Corpechot C., Invernizzi P., Jones D., Marzioni M., Schramm C. EASL Clinical practice guidelines: the diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis J. Hepatol., 2017, Vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 145-172.Hsu T.-C., Tsay G.J., Chen T.-Y., Liu Y.-C., Tzang B.-S. Anti-PCNA autoantibodies preferentially recognize C-terminal of PCNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2006, Vol. 144, no. 1, pp. 110-116.Hsu T.-C., Tsay G.J., Chen T.-Y., Liu Y.-C., Tzang B.-S. Anti-PCNA autoantibodies preferentially recognize C-terminal of PCNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2006, Vol. 144, no. 1, pp. 110-116.Kang S.Y., Lee W.-I. Clinical significance of dense fine speckled pattern in anti-nuclear antibody test using indirect immunofluorescence method. Korean J. Lab. Med., 2009, Vol. 29, no. 2, 145. doi: 10.3343/kjlm.2009.29.2.145.Kang S.Y., Lee W.-I. Clinical significance of dense fine speckled pattern in anti-nuclear antibody test using indirect immunofluorescence method. Korean J. Lab. Med., 2009, Vol. 29, no. 2, 145. doi: 10.3343/kjlm.2009.29.2.145.Keppeke G.D., Satoh M., Ferraz M.L.G., Chan E.K.L., Andrade L.E.C. Temporal evolution of human autoantibody response to cytoplasmic rods and rings structure during anti-HCV therapy with ribavirin and interferon-α. Immunol. Res., 2014, Vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 38-49.Keppeke G.D., Satoh M., Ferraz M.L.G., Chan E.K.L., Andrade L.E.C. Temporal evolution of human autoantibody response to cytoplasmic rods and rings structure during anti-HCV therapy with ribavirin and interferon-α. Immunol. Res., 2014, Vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 38-49.Li Q.-Z., Karp D.R., Quan J., Branch V.K., Zhou J., Lian Y., Chong B.F., Wakeland E.K., Olsen N.J. Risk factors for ANA positivity in healthy persons. Arthritis Res. Ther., 2011, Vol. 13, no. 2, R38. doi: 10.1186/ar3271.Li Q.-Z., Karp D.R., Quan J., Branch V.K., Zhou J., Lian Y., Chong B.F., Wakeland E.K., Olsen N.J. Risk factors for ANA positivity in healthy persons. Arthritis Res. Ther., 2011, Vol. 13, no. 2, R38. doi: 10.1186/ar3271.Mahler M., Fritzler M.J. The clinical significance of the dense fine speckled immunofluorescence pattern on HEp-2 cells for the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Clin. Dev. Immunol., 2012, Vol. 2012, pp. 1-6.Mahler M., Fritzler M.J. The clinical significance of the dense fine speckled immunofluorescence pattern on HEp-2 cells for the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Clin. Dev. Immunol., 2012, Vol. 2012, pp. 1-6.Mahler M., Parker T., Peebles C.L., Andrade L.E., Swart A., Csrbone Y., Villalta F.D., Bizzarro N., Hanly J.G., Fritzler M.J. Anti-DFS70/LEDGF antibodies are more prevalent in healthy individuals compared to patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. J. Rheumatol., 2012, Vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 2104-2110.Mahler M., Parker T., Peebles C.L., Andrade L.E., Swart A., Csrbone Y., Villalta F.D., Bizzarro N., Hanly J.G., Fritzler M.J. Anti-DFS70/LEDGF antibodies are more prevalent in healthy individuals compared to patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. J. Rheumatol., 2012, Vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 2104-2110.Mosca M., Neri R., Bombardieri S. Undifferentiated connective tissue diseases (UCTD): a review of the literature and a proposal for preliminary classification criteria. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 1999, Vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 615-620.Mosca M., Neri R., Bombardieri S. Undifferentiated connective tissue diseases (UCTD): a review of the literature and a proposal for preliminary classification criteria. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 1999, Vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 615-620.Moser J.J., Fritzler M.J. Relationship of other cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein bodies (cRNPB) to GW/P bodies. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2013, no. 768, pp. 213-242.Moser J.J., Fritzler M.J. Relationship of other cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein bodies (cRNPB) to GW/P bodies. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2013, no. 768, pp. 213-242.Muro Y., Sugiura K., Morita Y., Tomita Y. High concomitance of disease marker autoantibodies in antiDFS70/LEDGF autoantibody-positive patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease. Lupus, 2008, Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 171-176.Muro Y., Sugiura K., Morita Y., Tomita Y. High concomitance of disease marker autoantibodies in antiDFS70/LEDGF autoantibody-positive patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease. Lupus, 2008, Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 171-176.Nakamura M. Clinical significance of autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin. Liver Dis., 2014, Vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 334-340.Nakamura M. Clinical significance of autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin. Liver Dis., 2014, Vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 334-340.Nilsson B.O., Skogh T., Ernerudh J., Johansson B., Löfgren S., Wikby A., Dahle C. Antinuclear antibodies in the oldest-old women and men. Autoimmun., 2006, Vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 281-288.Nilsson B.O., Skogh T., Ernerudh J., Johansson B., Löfgren S., Wikby A., Dahle C. Antinuclear antibodies in the oldest-old women and men. Autoimmun., 2006, Vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 281-288.Nozawa K., Fritzler M.J., Chan E.K.L. Unique and shared features of Golgi complex autoantigens, Autoimmun. Rev., 2005, Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 35-41.Nozawa K., Fritzler M.J., Chan E.K.L. Unique and shared features of Golgi complex autoantigens, Autoimmun. Rev., 2005, Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 35-41.Nozawa K., Fritzler M.J., von Muhlen C.A., Chan E.K.L. Giantin is the major Golgi autoantigen in human anti-Golgi complex sera. Arthritis Res. Ther., 2004, Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. R95-R102.Nozawa K., Fritzler M.J., von Muhlen C.A., Chan E.K.L. Giantin is the major Golgi autoantigen in human anti-Golgi complex sera. Arthritis Res. Ther., 2004, Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. R95-R102.Ochs R.L., Muro Y., Si Y., Ge H., Chan E.K.L., Tan E.M. Autoantibodies to DFS 70 kd/transcription coactivator p75 in atopic dermatitis and other conditions. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2000, Vol. 105, no. 6, pp. 1211-1220.Ochs R.L., Muro Y., Si Y., Ge H., Chan E.K.L., Tan E.M. Autoantibodies to DFS 70 kd/transcription coactivator p75 in atopic dermatitis and other conditions. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2000, Vol. 105, no. 6, pp. 1211-1220.Petri M., Orbai A.-M., Alarcón G.S., Magder L.S. Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum., 2012, Vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 2677-2686.Petri M., Orbai A.-M., Alarcón G.S., Magder L.S. Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum., 2012, Vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 2677-2686.Raška I., Ochs R.L., Andrade L.E.C., Chan E.K.L., Burlingame R., Peebles C., Gruol D., Tan E.M. Association between the nucleolus and the coiled body. J. Struct. Biol.,1990, Vol. 104, no. 1-3, pp. 120-127.Raška I., Ochs R.L., Andrade L.E.C., Chan E.K.L., Burlingame R., Peebles C., Gruol D., Tan E.M. Association between the nucleolus and the coiled body. J. Struct. Biol.,1990, Vol. 104, no. 1-3, pp. 120-127.Satoh M., Chan J.Y.F., Ross S.J., Ceribelli A., Cavazzana I., Franceschini F., Li Y., Reeves W.H., Sobel E.S., Chan E.K.L. Autoantibodies to survival of motor neuron complex in patients with polymyositis: immunoprecipitation of D, E, F, and G proteins without other components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Arthritis Rheum., 2011, Vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 1972-1978.Satoh M., Chan J.Y.F., Ross S.J., Ceribelli A., Cavazzana I., Franceschini F., Li Y., Reeves W.H., Sobel E.S., Chan E.K.L. Autoantibodies to survival of motor neuron complex in patients with polymyositis: immunoprecipitation of D, E, F, and G proteins without other components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Arthritis Rheum., 2011, Vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 1972-1978.Shen C.-Y., Hsieh S.-C., Yu C.-L., Wang J.-Y., Lee L.-N., Yu C.-J. Autoantibody prevalence in active tuberculosis: reactive or pathognomonic? BMJ Open, 2013, Vol. 3, no. 7, e002665. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002665.Shen C.-Y., Hsieh S.-C., Yu C.-L., Wang J.-Y., Lee L.-N., Yu C.-J. Autoantibody prevalence in active tuberculosis: reactive or pathognomonic? BMJ Open, 2013, Vol. 3, no. 7, e002665. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002665.Shiboski S.C., Shiboski C.H., Criswell L.A., Baer A.N., Challacombe S., Lanfranchi H., Schiødt M., Umehara H., Vivino F., Zhao Y., Dong Y., Greenspan D., Heidenreich A.M., Helin P., Kirkham B., Kitagawa K., Larkin G., Li M., Lietman T., Lindegaard J., McNamara N., Sack K., Shirlaw P., Sugai S., Vollenweider C., Whitcher J., Wu A., Zhang S., Zhang W., Greenspan J.S., Daniels T.E. American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Sjögren’s syndrome: a data-driven, expert consensus approach in the Sjögren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance Cohort. Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken), 2012, Vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 475-487.Shiboski S.C., Shiboski C.H., Criswell L.A., Baer A.N., Challacombe S., Lanfranchi H., Schiødt M., Umehara H., Vivino F., Zhao Y., Dong Y., Greenspan D., Heidenreich A.M., Helin P., Kirkham B., Kitagawa K., Larkin G., Li M., Lietman T., Lindegaard J., McNamara N., Sack K., Shirlaw P., Sugai S., Vollenweider C., Whitcher J., Wu A., Zhang S., Zhang W., Greenspan J.S., Daniels T.E. American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Sjögren’s syndrome: a data-driven, expert consensus approach in the Sjögren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance Cohort. Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken), 2012, Vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 475-487.Siriwardhane T., Krishna K., Ranganathan V., Jayaraman V., Wang T., Bei K., Rajasekaran J.J., Krishnamurthy H. Exploring systemic autoimmunity in thyroid disease subjects. J. Immunol. Res., 2018, 2018, 6895146. doi: 10.1155/2018/6895146.Siriwardhane T., Krishna K., Ranganathan V., Jayaraman V., Wang T., Bei K., Rajasekaran J.J., Krishnamurthy H. Exploring systemic autoimmunity in thyroid disease subjects. J. Immunol. Res., 2018, 2018, 6895146. doi: 10.1155/2018/6895146.Soltész P., Veres K., Lakos G., Kiss E., Muszbek L., Szegedi G. Evaluation of clinical and laboratory features of antiphospholipid syndrome: a retrospective study of 637 patients. Lupus, 2003, Vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 302-307.Soltész P., Veres K., Lakos G., Kiss E., Muszbek L., Szegedi G. Evaluation of clinical and laboratory features of antiphospholipid syndrome: a retrospective study of 637 patients. Lupus, 2003, Vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 302-307.Steiner G., Smolen J. Autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis and their clinical significance. Arthritis Res., 002, Suppl. 2, pp. 1-5.Steiner G., Smolen J. Autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis and their clinical significance. Arthritis Res., 002, Suppl. 2, pp. 1-5.Sternsdorf T., Guldner H.H., Szostecki C., Grotzinger T., Will H. Two Nuclear dot-associated proteins, Pml and Sploo, are often co-autoimmunogenic in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Scand. J. Immunol.,1995, Vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 257-268.Sternsdorf T., Guldner H.H., Szostecki C., Grotzinger T., Will H. Two Nuclear dot-associated proteins, Pml and Sploo, are often co-autoimmunogenic in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Scand. J. Immunol.,1995, Vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 257-268.Stinton L.M., Myers R.P., Coffin C.S., Fritzler M.J. Clinical associations and potential novel antigenic targets of autoantibodies directed against rods and rings in chronic hepatitis C infection. BMC Gastroenterol., 2013, Vol. 13, 50. doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-13-50.Stinton L.M., Myers R.P., Coffin C.S., Fritzler M.J. Clinical associations and potential novel antigenic targets of autoantibodies directed against rods and rings in chronic hepatitis C infection. BMC Gastroenterol., 2013, Vol. 13, 50. doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-13-50.Stinton L.M., Swain M., Myers R.P., Shaheen A.A., Fritzler M.J. Autoantibodies to GW bodies and other autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2011, Vol. 163, no. 2, pp.147-156.Stinton L.M., Swain M., Myers R.P., Shaheen A.A., Fritzler M.J. Autoantibodies to GW bodies and other autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2011, Vol. 163, no. 2, pp.147-156.Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B., Mieli-Vergani G., Vergani D. Serology in autoimmune hepatitis: a clinicalpractice approach. Eur. J. Intern. Med., 2018, no. 48, pp. 35-43.Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B., Mieli-Vergani G., Vergani D. Serology in autoimmune hepatitis: a clinicalpractice approach. Eur. J. Intern. Med., 2018, no. 48, pp. 35-43.Vaglio A., Grayson P.C., Fenaroli P., Gianfreda D., Boccaletti V., Ghiggeri G.M., Moroni G. Drug-induced lupus: Traditional and new concepts. Autoimmun. Rev., 2018, Vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 912-918.Vaglio A., Grayson P.C., Fenaroli P., Gianfreda D., Boccaletti V., Ghiggeri G.M., Moroni G. Drug-induced lupus: Traditional and new concepts. Autoimmun. Rev., 2018, Vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 912-918.Vázquez-Abad D., Rothfield N.F. Sensitivity and specificity of anti-Jo-1 antibodies in autoimmune diseases with myositis. Arthritis Rheum., 1996, Vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 292-296.Vázquez-Abad D., Rothfield N.F. Sensitivity and specificity of anti-Jo-1 antibodies in autoimmune diseases with myositis. Arthritis Rheum., 1996, Vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 292-296.Vlagea A., Falagan S., Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G., Moreno-Rubio J., Merino M., Zambrana F., Casado E., Sereno M. Antinuclear antibodies and cancer: a literature review. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol., 2018, Vol. 127, pp. 42-49.Vlagea A., Falagan S., Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G., Moreno-Rubio J., Merino M., Zambrana F., Casado E., Sereno M. Antinuclear antibodies and cancer: a literature review. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol., 2018, Vol. 127, pp. 42-49.van den Hoogen F., Khanna D., Fransen J., Johnson, Baron M., Tyndall A., Matucci-Cerinic M., Naden R.P., Medsger T.A., Carreira P.E., Riemekasten G., Clements P.J., Denton C.P., Distler O., Allanore Y., Furst D.E., Gabrielli A., Mayes M., Dvan Laar J.M., Seibold J.R., Czirjak L., Steen V.D., Inanc M., Kowal-Bielecka O., MüllerLadner U., Valentini G., Veale D.J., Vonk M.C., Walker U.A., Chung L., Collier D.H., Csuka M.E., Fessler B.J., Guiducci S., Herrick A., Hsu V.M., Jimenez S., Kahaleh B., Merkel P.A., Sierakowski S., Silver R.M., Simms R.W., Varga J., Pope J.E. 2013 Classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American college of rheumatology/european league against rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum., 2013, Vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 2737-2747.van den Hoogen F., Khanna D., Fransen J., Johnson, Baron M., Tyndall A., Matucci-Cerinic M., Naden R.P., Medsger T.A., Carreira P.E., Riemekasten G., Clements P.J., Denton C.P., Distler O., Allanore Y., Furst D.E., Gabrielli A., Mayes M., Dvan Laar J.M., Seibold J.R., Czirjak L., Steen V.D., Inanc M., Kowal-Bielecka O., MüllerLadner U., Valentini G., Veale D.J., Vonk M.C., Walker U.A., Chung L., Collier D.H., Csuka M.E., Fessler B.J., Guiducci S., Herrick A., Hsu V.M., Jimenez S., Kahaleh B., Merkel P.A., Sierakowski S., Silver R.M., Simms R.W., Varga J., Pope J.E. 2013 Classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American college of rheumatology/european league against rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum., 2013, Vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 2737-2747.Vonmuhlen C.A., Chan E.K.L., Peebles C.L., Imai H., Kiyosawa K., Tan E.M. Non-muscle myosin as target antigen for human autoantibodies in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated chronic liver diseases. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 1995, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 67-74.Vonmuhlen C.A., Chan E.K.L., Peebles C.L., Imai H., Kiyosawa K., Tan E.M. Non-muscle myosin as target antigen for human autoantibodies in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated chronic liver diseases. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 1995, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 67-74.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.