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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-UCT-2058</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2058</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение CAST-теста для оценки у людей специфической реактивности к возбудителю сибирской язвы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Using CAST-test to investigate human specific hypersensitivity to the anthrax pathogen</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-6755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономаренко Дмитрий Григорьевич – кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией бруцеллеза</p><p>355035, г. Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13-15</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ponomarenko Dmitry G., PhD (Biology), Head, Brucellosis Laboratory</p><p>355035, Stavropol, Sovetskaya str., 13-15</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ponomarenko.dg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитина</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitina</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, врач КЛД сектора иммунологии и патоморфологии особо опасных инфекционных заболеваний</p><p>Ставрополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Sector of Immunology and Pathomorphology of Especially Dangerous Infectious Diseases</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюченко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyuchenko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Биолог сектора иммунологии и патоморфологии особо опасных инфекционных заболеваний</p><p>Ставрополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biologist, Sector of Immunology and Pathomorphology of Especially Dangerous Infectious Diseases</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логвиненко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Logvinenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, заведующий сектором иммунологии и патоморфологии особо опасных инфекционных заболеваний</p><p>Ставрополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head, Sector of Immunology and Pathomorphology of Especially Dangerous Infectious Diseases</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рязанова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryazanova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией сибирской язвы</p><p>Ставрополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head, Anthrax Laboratory</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenova</surname><given-names>L Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории сибирской язвы</p><p>Ставрополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Anthrax Laboratory</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буравцева</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buravtseva</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории сибирской язвы</p><p>Ставрополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Main Research Associate, Anthrax Laboratory</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюменцева</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyumentseva</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник научно-производственной лаборатории препаратов для диагностики особо опасных и других инфекций</p><p>Ставрополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Research Associate, Laboratory for Research and Production of Preparations for Diagnostics of Especially Dangerous and other Infections</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курчева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurcheva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, заведующая научно-производственной лабораторией препаратов для диагностики особо опасных и других инфекций</p><p>Ставрополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head, Laboratory for Research and Production of Preparations for Diagnostics of Especially Dangerous and other Infections</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куличенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulichenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Ставропольский противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1017</fpage><lpage>1024</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пономаренко Д.Г., Ракитина Е.Л., Костюченко М.В., Логвиненко О.В., Рязанова А.Г., Аксенова Л.Ю., Буравцева Н.П., Тюменцева И.С., Курчева С.А., Куличенко А.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пономаренко Д.Г., Ракитина Е.Л., Костюченко М.В., Логвиненко О.В., Рязанова А.Г., Аксенова Л.Ю., Буравцева Н.П., Тюменцева И.С., Курчева С.А., Куличенко А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ponomarenko D.G., Rakitina E.L., Kostyuchenko M.V., Logvinenko O.V., Ryazanova A.G., Aksenova L.Y., Buravtseva N.P., Tyumentseva I.S., Kurcheva S.A., Kulichenko A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2058">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2058</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты применения функционального цитометрического теста антиген-стимулированной активации базофилов для оценки специфической иммунологической реактивности у людей, больных сибирской язвой и иммунизированных сибиреязвенной вакциной. В качестве критерия наличия антигенспецифической активации базофилов измеряли экспрессию мембранного рецептора – CD63, отражающей процесс анафилактической дегрануляции базофильных гранулоцитов. Для определения спонтанной и антиген-индуцированной активации базофилов (CCR3+CD63+) применяли набор реагентов FlowCAST (Buhlmann laboratories AG, Швейцария). В качестве специфического антигена использовали экспериментальный сибиреязвенный аллерген – антраксин (гидролизат на основе штамма Bacillus anthracis СТИ-1), производства ФКУЗ «Ставропольский противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора. На основании клинико-экспериментальных данных в качестве лабораторного критерия наличия у человека специфической IgE-опосредованной сенсибилизации к возбудителю сибирской язвы для иммунодиагностического CAST-теста in vitro принято значение – 10% и более активированных антраксином базофильных гранулоцитов (CCR3+CD63+). Показано, что у лиц, больных сибирской язвой в период до одной недели (3-7-й день) после заболевания, в 92,3% случаев получен положительный результат CAST, значения специфической активации антраксином базофилов в среднем составил 37,9% (12,01 ÷ 78,9%). При иммунологическом обследовании лиц через три недели после вакцинации против сибирской язвы была установлена CAST-позитивность у всех вакцинированных. Значения интенсивности антраксин-индуцированной активации базофилов у привитых находились в интервале от 10,87 ÷ 30,03%, составив в среднем 17,86%. Суммарное значение спонтанной и специфической активации детектировали в интервале 12,39 ÷ 41,46%. Проведенные исследования указывают на перспективу внедрения теста антигенной активации базофилов в формате Flow CAST для диагностики сибирской язвы и выявления специфической иммунной перестройки после вакцинации у людей, как показателя «фактической привитости». Использование CAST-теста с антраксином позволяет выявлять больных сибирской язвой на ранних сроках после начала заболевания (2-4-е сут.), в том числе среди пациентов с повышенным уровнем фоновых значений CCR3+CD63+, проводить оценку иммунологической эффективности вакцинации контингентов риска. Вместе с тем было установлено, что существенное снижение диагностической чувствительности CAST-теста возможно у иммунных к возбудителю сибирской язвы пациентов, получавших интенсивную этиотропную антибактериальную и патогенетическую терапию на ранних стадиях инфекционного процесса, включающую глюкокортикостероиды и десенсибилизирующие средства, которые ингибируют в организме интенсивность процессов формирования гиперчувствительности (иммунологической реактивности) и ее выраженность.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We present the results of applying functional cytometric test of antigen-stimulated activation basophils to assess specific immunological reactivity in the people with anthrax, and immunized with anthrax vaccine. As a criterion for antigen-specific basophil activation, we measured expression of the CD63 membrane receptor, which reflects the process of anaphylactic basophil degranulation. To determine spontaneous and antigen-induced activation of basophils (CCR3+CD63+), a FlowCAST reagent kit (Buhlmann laboratories AG, Switzerland) was used. Anthraxin, an experimental anthrax allergen (a hydrolysate the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 strain), manufactured by the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute, was used as a specific antigen. As based on clinical and experimental data, a threshold value of &gt; 10% of anthraxin-activated (CCR3+CD63+) basophils was accepted for the in vitro immunodiagnostic CAST test, as a laboratory criterion for the subjects exhibiting specific immune response, i.e., IgE-mediated sensitization. It was shown that, in anthrax patients within one week after onset of the disease (3-7 days), a positive CAST result was obtained in 92.3% cases; the levels of specific basophil activation with anthraxin averaged 37.9% (12.01 ÷ 78.9%). Immunological examination of individuals three weeks (21 days) after vaccination against anthrax revealed CAST-positivity in all the vaccinated persons. Intensity of anthraxin-induced basophil activation the vaccinated subjects was ranged from 10.87 to 30.03%, averaging 17.86%. The overall values of spontaneous and specific activation ranged within 12.39 ÷ 41.46%. The study opens prospectives for implementation of basophil antigenic activation test in the Flow CAST format in diagnostics of anthrax and to identify specific immune rearrangements after vaccination in humans, as an index of actual vaccination rates. Usage of CAST test with anthraxin makes it possible to identify anthrax patients at the early stages (2-4 days after onset of the disease) including, among patients with an increased CCR3+CD63+ background values, evaluation of immunological efficiency in the cohorts at risk for vaccination. At the same time, it was found that a significant decrease in diagnostic sensitivity of CAST test could be observed in the patients immune to anthrax pathogen who received intensive antibacterial and pathogenetic therapy at the early stages of infection, including glucocorticosteroids (anti-inflammatory drugs) and desensitizing agents that inhibit the degree of hypersensitivity development and its expression.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сибирская язва</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd><kwd>иммунодиагностика</kwd><kwd>антиген-стимулированная активация базофилов</kwd><kwd>сибиреязвенный аллерген</kwd><kwd>сенсибилизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anthrax</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd><kwd>immunodiagnostics</kwd><kwd>antigen-stimulated activation of basophils</kwd><kwd>anthrax allergen</kwd><kwd>sensitization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Безопасность работы с микроорганизмами I-II групп патогенности (опасности): санитарно-эпидемиологические правила. 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