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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-FOO-2036</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2036</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности офтальмологической патологии при заболеваниях аутоиммунного характера</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of ophthalmic pathology in autoimmune diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9997-4865</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукашенко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukashenko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукашенко Мария Владиславовна – студент медицинского факультета</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lukashenko Maria V., Student, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushisti.legolas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басанцова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basantsova</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Басанцова Наталия Юрьевна – ассистент кафедры факультетской терапии медицинского факультета; младший научный сотрудник лаборатории мозаики аутоиммунитета </p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Basantsova Nataliya Yu., Assistant Professor, Department of Faculty Therapy, Faculty of Medicine; Junior Research Associate, Autoimmunity Mosaic Laboratory</p><p>199034, St. Petersburg, Universitetskaya emb., 7/9</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fromrussiawithlove_nb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шишкин Александр Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии медицинского факультета</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shishkin Alexander N., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Faculty Therapy, Faculty of Medicin</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexshishkin@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1045</fpage><lpage>1054</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лукашенко М.В., Басанцова Н.Ю., Шишкин А.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лукашенко М.В., Басанцова Н.Ю., Шишкин А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lukashenko M.V., Basantsova N.Y., Shishkin A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2036">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2036</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы увеличивается частота офтальмологических осложнений при аутоиммунных заболеваниях, как в связи с ростом числа аутоиммунной патологии во всем мире, так и в связи с появлением новых диагностических возможностей. По оценкам ВОЗ на 2010 год во всем мире число пациентов всех возрастов с нарушениями зрения оценивается в 285 миллионов человек, из которых 39 миллионов являются слепыми. Среди аутоиммунных болезней существуют нозологии, при которых офтальмологическая патология встречается более часто, такие как сахарный диабет 1-го типа, саркоидоз и болезнь Бехчета. К наиболее распространенным осложнениям со стороны глаз при данных болезнях относятся увеит и синдром сухого глаза. Цель – описать осложнения со стороны глаз при сахарном диабете 1-го типа, саркоидозе и болезни Бехчета. Обозначить важность исследования данных болезней и разработки единых критериев оказания помощи больным офтальмологического профиля. В обзоре рассмотрены основные звенья патогенеза, этнические и генетические факторы возникновения глазных патологий, основные вопросы своевременной диагностики и применение различных схем консервативной терапии. В ходе анализа литературы были представлены исследования, демонстрирующие возможную аутоиммунную природу таких глазных патологий, как увеит и синдром сухого глаза при таких заболеваниях, как сахарный диабет 1-го типа, саркоидоз, болезнь Бехчета. Несмотря на проводимые исследования, в изучении патогенеза остается много нерешенных вопросов, как и в назначении терапии. Поэтому на сегодняшний день лечение аутоиммунных болезней глаз представляет собой сложную задачу, включая в себя купирование основного заболевания и местную терапию органа зрения. В связи с тем, что иммунопатологические нарушения, лежащие в основе описанных выше аутоиммунных заболеваний, требуют дальнейшего изучения, в настоящий момент не представляется возможным точно прогнозировать течение болезни глаз, возможные осложнения и исходы. В настоящее время нет достаточных сведений для создания единых критериев лечения увеита и синдрома сухого глаза при аутоиммунных болезнях. Их дальнейшая разработка может способствовать корректировке принципов оказания медицинской помощи для улучшения качества лечения и качества жизни пациентов. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования и накопление данных по изучаемому вопросу.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Incidence of the ophthalmic complications in autoimmune diseases is stably increasing over recent years, as well as overall increase in the number of autoimmune pathologies around the world, along with novel diagnostic approaches. According to the WHO estimates, the number of patients with visual impairment is estimated at 285 million people for 2010, causing blindness in 39 million cases. Among autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus, sarcoidosis and Behcet’s disease are most often complicated by these conditions. Dry eye syndrome is the most common eye complication associated with these diseases. Our aim was to describe eye complications in type I diabetes, sarcoidosis, and Behcet’s disease, as well as show the importance of research in the area, and to develop common criteria for the care of patients with ophthalmic conditions. The review considers main pathogenetic links, ethnic and genetic factors of ocular pathologies in autoimmune disorders, the main issues of timely diagnosis and the use of various schemes of conservative therapy. The results obtained upon analysis of the literature contain demonstrate the possible autoimmune nature of such eye pathologies, as uveitis and dry eye syndrome in diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, sarcoidosis, and Behcet’s disease. Despite the ongoing research, there are many unresolved issues in the study of pathogenesis, as well as in therapeutic strategy. Therefore, the treatment of autoimmune eye diseases is a difficult task today, including treatment of the underlying disease, and local therapy of the visual organ. Since the primary immunopathology in the mentioned autoimmune diseases requires further studies, it is not possible to accurately predict the course of eye disease, possible complications and outcomes at the present time. Currently, there is only scarce information for creating uniform criteria for the treatment of uveitis and dry eye syndrome in autoimmune diseases. Their further development can contribute to establishment of the principles of medical care, in order to improve efficiency of treatment and quality of life in the patients. Further research and accumulation of data in the field are needed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутоиммунитет</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунный увеит</kwd><kwd>синдром сухого глаза</kwd><kwd>болезнь Бехчета</kwd><kwd>саркоидоз</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет I типа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autoimmunity</kwd><kwd>autoimmune uveitis</kwd><kwd>dry eye syndrome</kwd><kwd>Behcet's disease</kwd><kwd>sarcoidosis</kwd><kwd>type I diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана  грантом  Правительства РФ (договор № 14.W03.31.0009 от 13.02. 2017 г.) о выделении гранта для государственной поддержки научных исследований, проводимых под руководством ведущих ученых.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by grant from the Government of the Russian Federation (contract No. 14.W03.31.0009 dated February 13, 2017) on the allocation of grant for the state support of scientific researches conducted under the guidance of leading scientists.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Басанцова Н.Ю., Зинченко Ю.С., Старшинова А.А., Яблонский П.К. 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