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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2019-5-959-964</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1615</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ АЛЛЕЛЕЙ MICA В РОССИЙСКОЙ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DISTRIBUTION OF MICA ALLELES IN THE RUSSIAN POPULATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каневский</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanevskiy</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каневский Леонид Михайлович, к.б.н., научный сотрудник </p><p>117997, Россия, Москва, ГСП-7, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 16/10.</p><p>Тел.: 8 (917) 552-27-22. Факс: 8 (495) 335-08-12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kanevskiy Leonid M., PhD (Biology), Research Associate</p><p>117997, Russian Federation, Moscow, GSP-7, Miklukho-Maklai str., 16/10.</p><p>Phone: 7 (917) 552-27-22. Fax: 7 (495) 335-08-12.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leonid_kanewski@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гречихина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grechikhina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marygrec@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., доцент, заведующая лабораторией клинической иммунологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Associate Professor, Head, Clinical Immunology Laboratory</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmina_e_g@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мушкарина</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mushkarina</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунологии</p><p>г. Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate, Clinical Immunology Laboratory</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jeweltany@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спелков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spelkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex_spelkov95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрельцова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Streltsova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mstreltsova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lenkovalen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт биоорганической химии имени академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский радиологический научный центр имени А.Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Научный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of National Medical Research Radiological Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>959</fpage><lpage>964</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каневский Л.М., Гречихина М.В., Кузьмина Е.Г., Мушкарина Т.Ю., Спелков А.А., Стрельцова М.А., Коваленко Е.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каневский Л.М., Гречихина М.В., Кузьмина Е.Г., Мушкарина Т.Ю., Спелков А.А., Стрельцова М.А., Коваленко Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kanevskiy L.M., Grechikhina M.V., Kuzmina E.G., Mushkarina T.Y., Spelkov A.A., Streltsova M.A., Kovalenko E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2019-21-5-10">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2019-21-5-10</self-uri><abstract><p>Под влиянием стрессовых факторов, инфекций, опухолевой трансформации на поверхности клеток организма экспрессируется белок MICA, который является лигандом к рецептору NKG2D NK- и Т-клеток. Взаимодействие рецептора NKG2D на поверхности клеток иммунной системы с MICA приводит к активации лимфоцитов и уничтожению носителя лиганда. Ген MICA отличается высоким уровнем полиморфизма. К настоящему времени описано 87 аллелей, продукты которых различаются по способности активировать цитотоксические лимфоциты, что может оказывать влияние на протекание ряда заболеваний, таких как рак, вирусные инфекции, аутоиммунные заболевания. Распределения аллелей MICA в разных этносах существенно различаются. Анализ полиморфизма MICA в данном этносе необходим для выявления взаимосвязей между определенными аллелями MICA и теми или иными заболеваниями. Данная работа направлена на исследование распределения аллелей MICA среди населения России.</p><p>Типирование MICA проводили по методике, предложенной Yizhou Zoe и Peter Stastny. Методика включала в себя: 1) выделение геномной ДНК из цельной донорской крови; 2) ПЦР с целью амплификации фрагмента гена MICA; 3) секвенирование полученных ПЦР-фрагментов. Анализ результатов секвенирования проводили с использованием программ Vector NTI и Chromas Lite.</p><p>Был определен генотип аллелей MICA 119 доноров. Из 87 описанных в литературе аллелей MICA среди исследованных образцов обнаружено 15. Частоты встречаемости аллелей MICA оказались следующими: *002 – 19,3%, *004 – 6,7%, *007 – 3,0%, *008 – 35,7%, *009 – 10,1%, *010 – 5,0%, *011 – 3,8%, *012 – 2,1%, *016 – 2,5%, *017 – 3,4%, *018 – 5,5%, *019 – 0,4%, *027 – 1,3%, *053 – 0,8%, *068 – 0,4%. Выяснилось, что распределение аллелей MICA в России сходно с таковыми для европейских стран. При сопоставлении литературных данных по разным странам мира выяснилось, что различия в распределении аллелей MICA выражены преимущественно между расами, а не нациями.</p><p>В данной работе проанализировано распределение аллелей MICA у россиян. Оно оказалось весьма сходным с таковыми у представителей других европейских стран и имеет ряд существенных отличий от этносов монголоидной расы (Япония, Китай, Корея). Анализ распределения аллелей MICA в российской популяции может оказаться полезен для выявления предрасположенности индивидов к тем или иным заболеваниям.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Stress factors, infections, tumor transformation of the cells of organism induce the expression of MICA protein, which is a ligand for the NKG2D receptor of NK and T cells. The interaction of the NKG2D receptor on the surface of the cells of the immune system with MICA results in activation of lymphocytes and elimination of the ligand carrier. The MICA gene has a high level of polymorphism. To date, 87 alleles have been described; their products differ in ability to activate cytotoxic lymphocytes, that can affect the progression of a number of diseases, such as cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases. The distribution of MICA alleles in different ethnic groups varies considerably. The analysis of MICA polymorphism in a current ethnos is necessary for revealing the relationships between certain MICA alleles and different diseases. Goal. This work is aimed at studying of the distribution of MICA alleles in Russian population. Materials and methods. Polymorphism of MICA was analyzed according to the procedure proposed by Yizhou Zoe and Peter Stastny. The procedure included: 1) isolation of genomic DNA from whole blood; 2) PCR for amplification of a fragment of the MICA gene; 3) sequencing of the resulting PCR fragments. Analysis of the results of sequencing was carried out using the programs Vector NTI and Chromas Lite. Results. The genotype of the MICA alleles of 119 donors has been determined. Of the 87 MICA alleles described in the literature, 15 were found among the samples studied. The frequencies of MICA alleles were the following: *002 – 19.3%, *004 – 6.7%, *007 – 3.0%, *008 – 35.7%, *009 – 10.1%, *010 – 5.0%, *011 – 3.8%, *012 – 2.1%, *016 – 2.5%, *017 – 3.4% *018 – 5.5%, *019 – 0.4%, *027 – 1.3%, *053 – 0.8%, *068 – 0.4%. The distribution of MICA alleles in Russia was found to be similar to that of European countries. When comparing literary data for different countries of the world, it was found that the differences in the distribution of MICA alleles are expressed mainly between races, and not nations. Conclusions. In this paper, the distribution of MICA alleles in Russian population has been analyzed. It turned out to be very similar to those of other European countries and has a number of significant differences from the ethnoses of the Mongoloid race (Japan, China, Korea). The analysis of the distribution of MICA alleles in the Russian population may be useful for identifying the predisposition of individuals to certain diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>MHC</kwd><kwd>MICA</kwd><kwd>NKG2D</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>популяционный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>MHC</kwd><kwd>MICA</kwd><kwd>NKG2D</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>population analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ, грант № 16-04-01867.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen D., Gyllensten U. MICA polymorphism: biology and importance in cancer. Carcinogenesis, 2014, Vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 2633-2642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen D., Gyllensten U. 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