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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2019-5-807-820</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1659</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НЕЙРОИММУНОЭНДОКРИННАЯ РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В КОЖЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NEUROIMMUNOENDOCRINE REGULATION OF THE SKIN FUNCTIONING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башкина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой факультетской педиатрии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Faculty Pediatrics</p><p>Astrakhan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bashkina1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самотруева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samotrueva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующая кафедрой фармакогнозии, фармацевтической технологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ms1506@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ажикова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azhikova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ажикова Альфия Кадыровна, к.б.н., доцент кафедры биологии и ботаники </p><p>414000, Россия, г. Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, 121.</p><p>Тел.: 8 (909) 372-17-66.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Azhikova Alfiya K., PhD (Biology), Assoсiate Professor, Department of Biology and Botany</p><p>414000, Russian Federation, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., 121.</p><p>Phone: 7 (909) 372-17-66.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alfia-imacheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахнова</surname><given-names>Л. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paknnova</surname><given-names>L. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заочный аспирант кафедры факультетской педиатрии</p><p>г. Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Faculty Pediatrics</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pahnova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Астраханский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>807</fpage><lpage>820</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Башкина О.А., Самотруева М.А., Ажикова А.К., Пахнова Л.Р., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Башкина О.А., Самотруева М.А., Ажикова А.К., Пахнова Л.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bashkina O.A., Samotrueva M.A., Azhikova A.K., Paknnova L.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2019-21-5-1">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2019-21-5-1</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе рассматриваются современные представления о нейроиммуноэндокринной регуляции физиологических и патофизиологических процессов в коже. Приводятся сведения, указывающие на сложные механизмы межклеточных взаимодействий комплексных регулирующих систем (нервной, иммунной, эндокринной) на уровне кожи в норме и в посттравматический период. Описываются механизмы участия эндокринной и нервной систем в иммуноиндуцированном воспалении кожи. В подтверждение излагается информация о локализации на клеточных мембранах иммунокомпетентных клеток и лейкоцитов адренергических рецепторов, о регулирующем влиянии гипоталамуса на иммунитет, о разнонаправленном действии на воспаление симпатической и парасимпатической нервной системы и т.д.</p><p>Приводится достаточно доказательств того, что клетки иммунной системы и физиологически активные вещества, экспрессируемые ими, способствуют активации процессов восстановления при многих патофизиологических изменениях в коже. Характер течения и восстановление ран кожи зависят от типа повреждения, степени и фазы раневого процесса. Зачастую посттравматический репаративный потенциал кожи ограничивается инфекционным процессом, инициированным микрофлорой раны, продуктами распада клеток и некротическими тканями. Причинно-следственную связь доказывает развитие воспаления, реализующегося посредством включения реакций иммунной защиты. Увеличенная зона некроза и нагноения в ране свидетельствует об ингибировании системы фагоцитирующих макрофагов. Однако при активации системы фагоцитирующих макрофагов происходит формирование в ранние сроки соединительнотканной капсулы вокруг очага воспаления.</p><p>Затрагивается проблема репаративной регенерации кожи, которая имеет большое медико-социальное значение в связи со значительной распространенностью травматизма и его тяжелых последствий, сопровождающихся выраженными косметическими дефектами. Формирование на их фоне нейрокогнитивных нарушений приводит к снижению качества жизни больного, к развитию социальной дезадаптации и дальнейшей изоляции. Раскрывается роль нервной системы и психоэмоциональных расстройств в генезе кожных проявлений, что обосновывает необходимость дальнейшего развития современного научного направления – психодерматологии.</p><p>Понимание молекулярных механизмов нейроиммунокутанных взаимодействий открывает новые перспективы в лечении ряда кожных заболеваний и управляемой активации восстановительных процессов поврежденной кожи. Опираясь на представленный научный обзор, можно сделать вывод об актуальности дальнейшего исследования репаративных возможностей кожи в условиях взаимодействия регуляторных систем гомеостаза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review deals with modern ideas of neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes in skin. The present data are provided which indicate to composite mechanisms of intercellular interactions in complex regulating systems (nervous, immune, endocrine) acting at the level of skin in normal conditions, as well during the posttraumatic period. We describe different modes for participation of endocrine and nervous systems in immunologically induced skin inflammation. The data are provided confirming localization of adrenergic receptors on membranes of immunocompetent cells and leukocytes, on regulatory effects of hypothalamus upon immune functions, about multidirectional actions upon inflammation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system etc.</p><p>There are sufficient data on promotion of pathophysiological changes and reconstitution processes in the skin due to effects of local immune cells and bioactive substances expressed by them. The course of skin wound regeneration depend on the type of damage, degree and a phase of healing process. Posttraumatic reparative potential of skin is often limited by the infectious processes initiated by local microflora, products of cell disintegration and necrotic tissues. The cause-effect relationship is proven by arising inflammation which is implemented by inclusion of immune protection responses. The increased necrotic area and suppuration of the wound occurs die to inhibition of system of the phagocytizing macrophages. However, activation of this system brings about formation of the connective tissue capsule around the inflammation focus within early terms.</p><p>We also discuss the issues of reparative skin regeneration which of great medico-social value, in connection with considerable prevalence of traumatic events and their social consequences, followed by expressed cosmetic defects. Evolving neurocognitive problems lead to decreased quality of the patient’s life, development of social disadaptation and further deprivation. The role of nervous system and psychological frustration in genesis of skin manifestations requires future development of the modern scientific direction, i.e., psychodermatology.</p><p>Understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating the neuroimmunocutaneous interactions offers new prospectives in treatment of some skin diseases, as well as activation of the damaged skin recovery. According to the data presented in the review article, one may conclude on relevance of further studies on reparative potential of skin under interactions of homeostatic regulatory systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейроиммунокутанные взаимодействия</kwd><kwd>патологический процесс</kwd><kwd>репаративная регенерация</kwd><kwd>регуляция регенерации</kwd><kwd>нейроиммуноэндокринные взаимодействия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroimmunological interactions</kwd><kwd>skin</kwd><kwd>pathological process</kwd><kwd>reparative regeneration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балаболкин И.И. Крапивница у детей: клинико-патогенетические варианты, диагностика и лечение // Российский педиатрический журнал, 2017. Т. 20, № 2. С. 122-128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balabolkin I.I. 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