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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2019-2-221-230</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1580</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АЛЛО- И КСЕНОГРАФТНЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ПРИ РАЗРАБОТКЕ ПРОТИВОРАКОВЫХ ВАКЦИН И ОНКОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ВИРУСОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SELECTED ASPECTS OF ALLO- AND XENOGRAFT MODEL APPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING NOVEL ANTI-CANCER VACCINES AND ONCOLYTIC VIRUSES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Непомнящих</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nepomnyashchikh</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдел геномных исследований и разработки методов ДНК-диагностики поксвирусов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonec@ngs.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, зам. генерального директора по научной работе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Deputy Director General for Research</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gavrilova_ev@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максютов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksyutov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, генеральный директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Director General</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksyutov_ra@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector» Rospotrebnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>221</fpage><lpage>230</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Непомнящих Т.С., Гаврилова Е.В., Максютов Р.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Непомнящих Т.С., Гаврилова Е.В., Максютов Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nepomnyashchikh T.S., Gavrilova E.V., Maksyutov R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2019-21-2-3">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2019-21-2-3</self-uri><abstract><p>На настоящий момент онкологические заболевания являются одной из основных причин смертности и заболеваемости у населения. Последние достижения в области изучения молекулярно-генетических механизмов онкогенеза и иммунного ответа организма открывают широкие возможности для создания новых эффективных средств борьбы с неопластическими заболеваниями, более специфичных к опухолевым клеткам и менее токсичных для организма. Одними из наиболее многообещающих подходов являются иммунотерапевтические противораковые вакцины и онколитические вирусы. Для проведения быстрого и надежного скрининга и доклинического тестирования необходимо использование релевантных животных моделей. Такие модели обеспечивают возможность воспроизвести микроокружение и васкуляризацию опухоли, а также, в некоторой мере, воздействие иммунной системы. Наиболее активно в исследованиях раковых заболеваний используются аллографтные и ксенографтные опухолевые модели. Аллогенная трансплантация предполагает перенос раковых клеток или фрагментов опухоли от одного организма к другому организму того же вида. Ксенопластическая трансплантация предполагает перенос опухолевых клеток или тканей между организмами, относящимися к разным биологическим видам. Для ксенотрансплантации могут быть использованы как клеточные линии, так и клетки опухоли, полученные от пациентов в результате биопсии. За последние несколько десятилетий исследователям удалось разработать целый ряд линий иммунодефицитных мышей и крыс, пригодных для использования в качестве моделей человеческих опухолей. Однако несмотря на достигнутые успехи такие модели имеют существенные ограничения, связанные с невозможностью полностью воспроизвести микроокружение опухоли, реконструировать функциональную иммунную систему человека у мышей, а также с развитием реакции отторжения трансплантата. Таким образом при планировании экспериментов необходим тщательный анализ и критическое рассмотрение достоинств и недостатков различных линий животных, используемых в экспериментальной онкологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"/><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>иммунные ответ</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>онколитические вирусы</kwd><kwd>противораковые вакцины</kwd><kwd>аллографтные модели</kwd><kwd>ксенографтные модели</kwd><kwd>лабораторные животные</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>oncolytic viruses</kwd><kwd>cancer vaccines</kwd><kwd>allograft models</kwd><kwd>xenograft models</kwd><kwd>laboratory animals</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 16-15-10101).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">RSF (grant #16 -15 -10101)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Augusto D.G. 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